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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mean full‐depth summer circulation and transports at the northern periphery of the Atlantic Ocean in the 2000s
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 117, No. C1 ( 2012-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 117, No. C1 ( 2012-01)
    Abstract: Mean absolute transports are quantified from hydrography and altimetry Atlantic MOC‐related quantities are assessed and discussed Diagrams of the upper ocean, middepth, deep circulation and MOC are presented
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2011JC007572
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2012
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing decadal changes in the Deep Western Boundary Current absolute transport southeast of Cape Farewell, Greenland, from hydrography and altimetry
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 115, No. C11 ( 2010-11-05)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 115, No. C11 ( 2010-11-05)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2009JC005811
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A study of the time-averaged circulation in the western North Atlantic by simultaneous nonlinear inversion of hydrographic and current meter data
    Elsevier BV ; 1989
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers Vol. 36, No. 2 ( 1989-2), p. 297-313
    Details
    In: Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, Elsevier BV, Vol. 36, No. 2 ( 1989-2), p. 297-313
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0198-0149
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(89)90140-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2280519-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of the Mixed Layer Time Variability on Kinematic Subduction Rate Diagnostics
    American Meteorological Society ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 35, No. 4 ( 2005-04-01), p. 427-443
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 35, No. 4 ( 2005-04-01), p. 427-443
    Abstract: An eddy-resolving primitive equation general circulation model is used to estimate water-mass subduction rates in the North Atlantic Ocean subtropical gyre. The diagnostics are based on the instantaneous kinematic approach, which allows the calculation of the annual rate of water-mass subduction at a given density range, following isopycnal outcrop positions over the annual cycle. It is shown that water-mass subduction is effected rapidly (∼1–2 months) as the mixed layer depth decreases in spring, consistent with Stommel’s hypothesis, and occurs mostly over the area of deep late-winter mixed layers (≥150 m) across the central North Atlantic in the density range 26 ≤ σ ≤ 27.2. Annual subduction rates O(100–200 m yr–1) are found south and east of the Gulf Stream extension in the density range of subtropical mode waters from roughly 26.2 to 26.6. In the northeastern part of the subtropical gyre, annual subduction rates are somewhat larger, O(250 m yr–1), from a density of about 26.9 east of the North Atlantic Current to 27.4 (upper cutoff in this study). The overall basin-integrated subduction rate for subtropical mode waters (26.2 ≤ σ ≤ 26.6) is about 12.2 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), comparable to the total formation rate inferred from the surface density forcing applied in the model of roughly 11 Sv in this density range. In contrast, basin-integrated rates for denser central water (26.8 ≤ σ ≤ 27.2) provide a vanishingly small net subduction. In this range, eddy correlations ( & lt;30 days) between the surface outcrop area and the local subduction rate counteract the net subduction by the mean flow (deduced from monthly averaged model fields). Comparison with estimates of the annual subduction rate based on the annual mean velocity and late-winter mixed layer properties alone, as is usual in climatological and coarse-resolution model analyses, indicates a mismatch of at least 8 Sv in the density range where the model forms subtropical mode water. This mismatch is primarily due to time-varying mixed layer processes rather than small-scale mixing not resolved explicitly by the model. Our diagnostics based on the instantaneous kinematic approach provide a more complete picture of the water-mass formation process than diagnostics based only on air–sea flux or late-winter mixed layer model data. They reveal the crucial importance of both the seasonal mixed layer cycle and mesoscale eddies to the overall formation rate and provide thus a valuable tool for the analysis of water-mass formation rates in eddy-resolving numerical simulations at basin scale.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0485 , 0022-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO2693.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mixing in the Romanche Fracture Zone
    American Meteorological Society ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 28, No. 10 ( 1998-10), p. 1929-1945
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 28, No. 10 ( 1998-10), p. 1929-1945
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028〈1929:MITRFZ〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Direct Observations of the Mean Circulation at 48°N in the Atlantic Ocean
    American Meteorological Society ; 1989
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 19, No. 2 ( 1989-02), p. 161-181
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 19, No. 2 ( 1989-02), p. 161-181
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1989)019〈0161:DOOTMC〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tidal and Near-Inertial Internal Waves over the Reykjanes Ridge
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 51, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 419-437
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 51, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 419-437
    Abstract: Internal waves in the semidiurnal and near-inertial bands are investigated using an array of seven moorings located over the Reykjanes Ridge in a cross-ridge direction (57.6°–59.1°N, 28.5°–33.3°W). Continuous measurements of horizontal velocity and temperature for more than 2 years allow us to estimate the kinetic energy density and the energy fluxes of the waves. We found that there is a remarkable phase locking and linear relationship between the semidiurnal energy density and the tidal energy conversion at the spring–neap cycle. The energy-to-conversion ratio gives replenishment time scales of 4–5 days on the ridge top versus 7–9 days on the flanks. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the bulk of the tidal energy on the ridge comes from near-local sources, with a redistribution of energy from the top to the flanks, which is endorsed by the energy fluxes oriented in the cross-ridge direction. Implications for tidally driven energy dissipation are discussed. The time-averaged near-inertial kinetic energy is smaller than the semidiurnal kinetic energy by a factor of 2–3 but is much more variable in time. It features a strong seasonal cycle with a winter intensification and subseasonal peaks associated with local wind bursts. The ratio of energy to wind work gives replenishment time scales of 13–15 days, which is consistent with the short time scales of observed variability of near-inertial energy. In the upper ocean (1 km), the highest levels of near-inertial energy are preferentially found in anticyclonic structures, with a twofold increase relative to cyclonic structures, illustrating the funneling effect of anticyclones.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-20-0097.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program: A New International Ocean Observing System
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 98, No. 4 ( 2017-04-01), p. 737-752
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 98, No. 4 ( 2017-04-01), p. 737-752
    Abstract: For decades oceanographers have understood the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to be primarily driven by changes in the production of deep-water formation in the subpolar and subarctic North Atlantic. Indeed, current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections of an AMOC slowdown in the twenty-first century based on climate models are attributed to the inhibition of deep convection in the North Atlantic. However, observational evidence for this linkage has been elusive: there has been no clear demonstration of AMOC variability in response to changes in deep-water formation. The motivation for understanding this linkage is compelling, since the overturning circulation has been shown to sequester heat and anthropogenic carbon in the deep ocean. Furthermore, AMOC variability is expected to impact this sequestration as well as have consequences for regional and global climates through its effect on the poleward transport of warm water. Motivated by the need for a mechanistic understanding of the AMOC, an international community has assembled an observing system, Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP), to provide a continuous record of the transbasin fluxes of heat, mass, and freshwater, and to link that record to convective activity and water mass transformation at high latitudes. OSNAP, in conjunction with the Rapid Climate Change–Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID–MOCHA) at 26°N and other observational elements, will provide a comprehensive measure of the three-dimensional AMOC and an understanding of what drives its variability. The OSNAP observing system was fully deployed in the summer of 2014, and the first OSNAP data products are expected in the fall of 2017.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0057.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variability of the Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation along the A25 Greenland–Portugal Transect Repeated from 2002 to 2012
    American Meteorological Society ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 46, No. 7 ( 2016-07), p. 1989-2003
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 46, No. 7 ( 2016-07), p. 1989-2003
    Abstract: The variability of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation due to internal waves is quantified using a finescale parameterization applied to the A25 Greenland–Portugal transect repeated every two years from 2002 to 2012. The internal wave velocity shear and strain are estimated for each cruise at 91 stations from full depth vertical profiles of density and velocity. The 2002–12 averaged dissipation rate 〈 ε 2002–2012 〉 in the upper ocean lays in the range 1–10 × 10 −10 W kg −1 . At depth, 〈 ε 2002–2012 〉 is smaller than 1 × 10 −10 W kg −1 except over rough topography found at the continental slopes, the Reykjanes Ridge, and in a region delimited by the Azores–Biscay Rise and Eriador Seamount. There, the vertical energy flux of internal waves is preferentially oriented toward the surface and 〈 ε 2002–2012 〉 is in the range 1–20 × 10 −10 W kg −1 . The interannual variability in the dissipation rates is remarkably small over the whole transect. A few strong dissipation rate events exceeding the uncertainty of the finescale parameterization occur at depth between the Azores–Biscay Rise and Eriador Seamount. This region is also marked by mesoscale eddying flows resulting in enhanced surface energy level and enhanced bottom velocities. Estimates of the vertical energy fluxes into the internal tide and into topographic internal waves suggest that the latter are responsible for the strong dissipation events. At Eriador Seamount, both topographic internal waves and the internal tide contribute with the same order of magnitude to the dissipation rate while around the Reykjanes Ridge the internal tide provides the bulk of the dissipation rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0186.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Space and Time Scales of Mesoscale Motions in the Eastern North Atlantic
    American Meteorological Society ; 1985
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 1985-02), p. 171-183
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 1985-02), p. 171-183
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1985)015〈0171:SATSOM〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1985
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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