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  • 1
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    Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID‐19 Research Network (ICRN)
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Medical Virology Vol. 95, No. 2 ( 2023-02)
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Virology, Wiley, Vol. 95, No. 2 ( 2023-02)
    Abstract: The recently emerged novel coronavirus, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2),” caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low‐ and middle‐income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID‐19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID‐19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross‐sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log‐transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual‐level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic levels. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. NPIs against COVID‐19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0146-6615 , 1096-9071
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.v95.2
    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28354
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475090-9
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  • 2
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    Concurrent wasting and stunting among marginalised children in Sana’a city, Yemen: a cross-sectional study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Nutritional Science Vol. 12 ( 2023)
    Details
    In: Journal of Nutritional Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 12 ( 2023)
    Abstract: Concurrent wasting and stunting (WaSt) is a serious form of malnutrition among young children, particularly vulnerable groups affected by the conflict. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of WaSt among vulnerable children is important to develop effective intervention measures to reduce the burden of WaSt. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for WaSt among marginalised children aged 6–59 months in Sana’a city, Yemen. A community-based cross-sectional design was conducted on a total sample size of 450 marginalised children aged 6–59 months who lived at home with their mothers. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed and the prevalence of WaSt was found to be 10⋅7 %. Children aged 24–59 months were protected from WaSt (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0⋅40, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0⋅21, 0⋅75). A higher prevalence of WaSt was associated with male sex (AOR 2⋅31, 95 % CI 1⋅13, 4⋅71), no history of being breastfed (AOR 3⋅57, 95 % CI 1⋅23, 10⋅39), acute diarrhoea (AOR 2⋅12, 95 % CI 1⋅12, 4⋅02) and family income sources of assistance from others (AOR 2⋅74, 95 % CI 1⋅08, 6⋅93) or salary work (AOR 2⋅22, 95 % CI 1⋅10, 4⋅47). Continued breast- and bottle-feeding were not associated with WaSt in children aged 6–23 months. Mothers’ age, education and work status, family size and drinking water source were not associated with WaSt. Overall, we found that the prevalence of WaSt among marginalised children remained high. Interventions to improve household income, hygienic conditions and child feeding practices are necessary to promote child growth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2048-6790
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.72
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2656288-1
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  • 3
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    Intestinal schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Sana’a Governorate, Yemen: Prevalence, associated factors and its effect on nutritional status and anemia
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2021
    In:  PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2021-9-21), p. e0009757-
    Details
    In: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2021-9-21), p. e0009757-
    Abstract: Intestinal schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, causing morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. Despite the frequent implementation of mass drug administration with praziquantel, the reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni is still common in Yemen. In addition, there is a scarcity of information on the impact of S . mansoni on nutritional status and anemia among schoolchildren. The present study aimed to determine prevalence and risk factors of intestinal schistosomiasis and investigate its impact on nutritional status and anemia among schoolchildren in Sana’a Governorate, Yemen. It was conducted in 2018 on 445 schoolchildren aged 5–15 years. Biodata, socio-economic, demographic, behavioral and environmental data were collected using a standard questionnaire. S . mansoni was identified and quantified by microscopic examination of Kato-Katz fecal smear. Hemoglobin concentration and anthropometric measurements were estimated using standard methods. The prevalence of S . mansoni was higher in Al-Haimah Al-Dakheliah (33.9%) than Bani Mater (1.4%). Household without tap water (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.9, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.12, 7.55, P = 0.028) was the independent risk factor of the infection. The prevalence of wasting and stunting was 25.0% (95%CI: 21.2%, 29.2%) and 45.8% (95%CI: 41.2%, 50.5%), respectively. The prevalence of underweight among schoolchildren aged 5–10 years was 27.3% (95%CI: 21.9%, 33.4%). The prevalence of anemia was 31.7% (95%CI: 27.5%, 36.2%) with 0.5%, 21.1% and 10.1% being severe, moderate and mild anemia, respectively. S . mansoni (AOR = 4.1, 95%CI: 2.16, 7.84, P 〈 0.001) and early adolescence (AOR = 6.8, 95%CI: 4.26, 10.82, P 〈 0.001) were independent predictors of stunting among schoolchildren. The early adolescent schoolchildren (AOR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.86, 4.97, P 〈 0.001) and children from families with low (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.01, 4.15, P = 0.046) or moderate wealth (AOR = 2.3, 95%CI: 1.11, 4.77, P = 0.026) were significantly more wasted. Early adolescence (AOR = 1.8, 95%CI:1.14, 2.78, P = 0.011), female (AOR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.43, P = 0.038) and Al-Haimah Al-Dakheliah District (AOR = 3.4, 95%CI: 1.20, 9.55, P = 0.021) were independent risk factors for anemia. The study findings indicate highly focal prevalence of schistosomiasis in Sana’a Governorate with a public health significance that varies from low to high risk. Approximately half of schoolchildren were stunted, which was associated with S . mansoni infection and early adolescence. One quarter of schoolchildren were wasted with early adolescent schoolchildren and children from poor families being at high risk of wasting. Anemia was a moderate public health threat affecting the female and the early adolescent schoolchildren. The study suggests the implementation of control measures to combat schistosomiasis and integrated diseases control programmes to improve the health status of schoolchildren in Sana’a Governorate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1935-2735
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009757
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009757.t001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009757.t002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009757.t003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009757.t004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009757.t005
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009757.t006
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009757.t007
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009757.t008
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009757.t009
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2429704-5
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  • 4
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    First COVID-19 cases with high secondary infection among health workers, Sana’a capital, April 2020: Lessons learned and future opportunities
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 110 ( 2021-10), p. S6-S10
    Details
    In: International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Elsevier BV, Vol. 110 ( 2021-10), p. S6-S10
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1201-9712
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070533-5
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  • 5
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    Impact of the Protracted War in Yemen on the Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance System: Retrospective Descriptive Analysis
    JMIR Publications Inc. ; 2021
    In:  JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2021-5-19), p. e27638-
    Details
    In: JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, JMIR Publications Inc., Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2021-5-19), p. e27638-
    Abstract: Highly sensitive acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, which includes immediate case investigation and specimen collection, is critical for achieving global polio eradication. In Yemen, the Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance System (AFPSS) was launched in 1998 to achieve the polio eradication target. Although Yemen was certified as a polio-free country in 2009, the protracted war since 2015 has placed the country at risk for polio reemergence. Objective The objectives of this analysis were to evaluate the performance of the Yemen AFPSS at both the national and governorate levels, and to assess the impact of the ongoing war on the performance. Methods Retrospective descriptive analysis was performed on Yemen secondary AFP surveillance data for the years 2014 (before the war) and 2015-2017 (during the war). Data comprising all children 〈 15 years old reported as having AFP were included in the analysis. AFP surveillance performance was evaluated using World Health Organization–specified AFP surveillance indicators. Results At the national level, all indicators were met before and after the war except for “lab results received within ≤28 days,” which was unmet since the war erupted. Furthermore, the indicator “stool specimens arriving at a central level within ≤3 days” was unmet after the war but only in 2017. At the governorate level, although the indicators “adequacy” and “stool specimens arriving at the laboratory in good condition” were met before the war in all governorates, the former indicator was unmet in 9 (41%) governorates since the war erupted and the latter indicator was also unmet in 9 governorates (41%) but only in 2017. Conclusions The findings show that some AFP surveillance indicators were negatively impacted by eruption of the war in Yemen due to closure of the Sana’a capital airport and postponement of sample shipment to the reference laboratory, which remained under long-term poor storage conditions. To ensure rapid detection of polio cases, improving specimen collection, storage, and transportation, together with proper and timely shipment of specimens to the reference laboratory should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2369-2960
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2196/27638
    Language: English
    Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2874192-4
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  • 6
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    Knowledge and Practice of Biosafety Among Laboratory Staff Working in Clinical Laboratories in Yemen
    Mary Ann Liebert Inc ; 2017
    In:  Applied Biosafety Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2017-12), p. 168-171
    Details
    In: Applied Biosafety, Mary Ann Liebert Inc, Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2017-12), p. 168-171
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-6760 , 2470-1246
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1535676017733451
    Language: English
    Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 7
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    Neonatal Mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Socio-Demographic, Economic and Perinatal Factors, 1990 - 2013
    Briefland ; 2018
    In:  Iranian Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2018-01-20)
    Details
    In: Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, Briefland, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2018-01-20)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2008-2142 , 2008-2150
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5812/ijp
    DOI: 10.5812/ijp.10485
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Briefland
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2388780-1
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  • 8
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    Field Epidemiology Training Program Response to COVID-19 During a Conflict: Experience From Yemen
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 9 ( 2021-11-22)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Public Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-11-22)
    Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for a well-trained public health workforce to save lives through timely outbreaks detection and response. In Yemen, a country that is entering its seventh year of a protracted war, the ongoing conflict severely limited the country's capacity to implement effective preparedness and response measures to outbreaks including COVID-19. There are growing concerns that the virus may be circulating within communities undetected and unmitigated especially as underreporting continues in some areas of the country due to a lack of testing facilities, delays in seeking treatment, stigma, difficulty accessing treatment centers, the perceived risks of seeking care or for political issues. The Yemen Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) was launched in 2011 to address the shortage of a skilled public health workforce, with the objective of strengthening capacity in field epidemiology. Thus, events of public health importance can be detected and investigated in a timely and effective manner. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Yemen FETP's response has been instrumental through participating in country-level coordination, planning, monitoring, and developing guidelines/standard operating procedures and strengthening surveillance capacities, outbreak investigations, contact tracing, case management, infection prevention, and control, risk communication, and research. As the third wave is circulating with a steeper upward curve than the previous ones with possible new variants, the country will not be able to deal with a surge of cases as secondary care is extremely crippled. Since COVID-19 prevention and control are the only option available to reduce its grave impact on morbidity and mortality, health partners should support the Yemen FETP to strengthen the health system's response to future epidemics. One important lesson learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the Yemen context and applicable to developing and war-torn countries, is that access to outside experts becomes limited, therefore, it is crucial to invest in building national expertise to provide timely, cost-effective, and sustainable services that are culturally appropriate. It is also essential to build such expertise at the governorate and district levels, as they are normally the first respondents, and to provide them with the necessary tools for immediate response in order to overcome the disastrous delays.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2565
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.688119
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711781-9
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  • 9
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    Evaluation of outpatient therapeutic programme ( OTP ) for treatment of severe acute malnutrition in Yemen : a focus on treatment default and its risk factors
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2017-12), p. 1361-1366
    Details
    In: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2017-12), p. 1361-1366
    Abstract: This study aimed to measure the treatment default rate among children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) who were admitted to the outpatient therapeutic programme (OTP) in Yemen and determine its risk factors. Methods A prospective study was conducted among children with SAM who were newly admitted to the 11 OTPs in primary health centres of Sana'a city. A pretested semistructured questionnaire was used for data collection at admission and at after 2 months of admission to the OTP. Univariate and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression were used to analyse the risk factors of treatment default. Results This study included 339 SAM children. Of those, 186 (55%) children discharged as defaulters, 141 (42%) were cured, and 12 (3%) were transferred to other treatment sites. Many factors related to poor accessibility, poor satisfaction with staff and system, and treatment and acceptability of OTP services factors were significantly associated with treatment default. Having difficulty to attend OTP every week (OR 8.4), unavailability of medication during follow‐up visits (OR 5.0), not liking to eat Plumpy'Nut (OR 5.8), and not gaining weight since the start of treatment (OR 9.3) were the strongest predictors of treatment default. Conclusions This study showed a high default rate among SAM children in Sana'a city. Factors related to poor accessibility, poor satisfaction with staff and system, and factors related to treatment and acceptability of OTP services were significantly associated with high default rate. Expansion of OTP services and training OTPs staff on SAM treatment protocols are highly recommended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1356-1294 , 1365-2753
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jep.2017.23.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/jep.12798
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006772-0
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  • 10
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    Occupational Exposure to Needle Stick Injuries and Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Among Clinical Laboratory Staff in Sana’a, Yemen: Cross-Sectional Study
    JMIR Publications Inc. ; 2020
    In:  JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2020-3-31), p. e15812-
    Details
    In: JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, JMIR Publications Inc., Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2020-3-31), p. e15812-
    Abstract: Laboratory staff handling blood or biological samples are at risk for accidental injury or exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccinations for laboratory staff can minimize these risks. Objective The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of occupational exposure to needle stick injuries (NSIs) and assess HBV vaccination coverage among clinical laboratory staff in Sana’a, Yemen. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among clinical laboratory staff who were involved in handling and processing laboratory samples at the main public and private clinical laboratories in Sana’a. Data collection was done using a semistructured questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts. Part 1 included information on sociodemographic characteristics of participants. Part 2 included information on the availability of the personal protective equipment in the laboratories, such as lab coats and gloves. Part 3 included questions about the history of injury during work in the laboratory and the vaccination status for HBV. Results A total of 219/362 (60%) participants had been accidentally injured while working in the laboratory. Of those, 14.6% (32/219) had been injured during the last 3 months preceding the data collection. Receiving the biosafety manual was significantly associated with lower risk of injury. Out of those who were injured, 54.8% (120/219) had received first aid. About three-quarters of respondents reported that they had been vaccinated against HBV. The vaccination against HBV was significantly higher among laboratory staff who were working at private laboratories (P=.01), who had postgraduate degrees (P=.005), and who received the biosafety manual (P=.03). Conclusions Occupational exposure to NSI is still a major problem among laboratory staff in public and private laboratories in Sana’a, Yemen. The high incidence of injuries among laboratory staff and the low rate of receiving first aid in laboratories combined with low vaccination coverage indicates that all laboratory staff are at risk of exposure to HBV. Therefore, strengthening supervision, legalizing HBV vaccinations for all laboratory staff, and optimizing laboratory practices regarding the management of sharps can minimize risks and prerequisites in Yemen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2369-2960
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2196/15812
    Language: English
    Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2874192-4
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