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  • Law  (3)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 2021-03), p. 409-433
    In: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 2021-03), p. 409-433
    Abstract: Although the recent crime drop in Western societies has rejuvenated crime trend studies, little is known about the crime trends and the corresponding explanations in the East. This study aims to fill the gaps by examining different types of offenses in Hong Kong between 1976 and 2017. Specifically, this study tests and evaluates major macro-level theoretical approaches explaining crime trends, including institutional anomie theory, routine activities theory, and deterrence theory. Using Error Correction Models, our analyses reveal that the strengths of different social institutions are negatively associated with crime rates, showing strong support to institutional anomie theory. The results also partially support routine activities theory by demonstrating that levels of economic development are negatively associated with both violent and property crime rates, and the number of mobile cellular subscriptions is negatively related to homicide rates. Deterrence explanations are mainly supported for property crime. These findings provide theoretical insights on the etiology of crime and also yield important policy suggestions on how to sustain the observed decline in crime rates in modern societies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-624X , 1552-6933
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034467-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Conflict Resolution Vol. 51, No. 3 ( 2007-06), p. 431-456
    In: Journal of Conflict Resolution, SAGE Publications, Vol. 51, No. 3 ( 2007-06), p. 431-456
    Abstract: The long history of experimental research on the prisoner's dilemma (PD) has primarily used a methodology that eliminates cues to participants. Researchers, however, have interpreted participants' choices as cooperative or competitive. The authors' research shows that giving participants researchers' interpretive labels of the game, the choices, and the outcomes, compared to no labels, led to significantly more cooperation; labels such as trust and cooperate/defect augmented cooperation even more. A second experiment found that independent evaluations of the labels led to perceptions that were similar to individuals' choices in the first experiment. These results suggest that we might need to rethink the import of many of our previous findings and their applicability to everyday interactions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0027 , 1552-8766
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500229-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3013-2
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 3,6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Public Administration Vol. 100, No. 4 ( 2022-12), p. 1125-1144
    In: Public Administration, Wiley, Vol. 100, No. 4 ( 2022-12), p. 1125-1144
    Abstract: The New Public Management (NPM) has achieved many successes in public service delivery, but practitioners frequently observed failures in developing and transitional economies. For instance, China's public–private partnerships (PPP) since 2014 have failed to transfer risks to the private sector, to involve private skills and expertise, and to reduce local government's debt. This article claims that PPP failures in China are associated with the contractual type of nonconcessions and the contractual choice is influenced by both political opportunism and transaction costs. Utilizing data of PPP projects in China during 2014–2016, we find that more opportunistic bureaucrats seek to increase projects of nonconcessions, but transaction costs caused by product complexities hinder governments' reliance on nonconcessions. This research extends the core analysis of PPPs in the literature from transaction costs to political opportunism, which widely exists in developing and transitional economies. Thus, our findings partially explain the failure of their NPM practices. 新公共管理运动在公共服务供给领域取得了瞩目的成就,但在发展中国家与转型经济体中也经历过挫折。例如,自2014年以来,中国推行的政府与社会资本合作(PPP)模式就未能实现将风险转移到私营部门、引入私营部门的技术和经验及减轻地方政府的债务负担的初衷。正鉴于此,在2017年时,中国财政部对PPP项目进行了大范围的整改。针对这一现象,本文理论分析认为,其主要原因在于地方政府采用了大量非特许经营合同,而该类合同具有低风险、弱运营及政府付费的特征。政府之所以选择此类合同,则基于政治机会主义与交易成本两个方面的考量。进一步,本文基于中国2014–2016年PPP项目的数据,通过实证研究发现:地方主政官员晋升压力越大,其短期拉动GDP增长的动机越强,从而通过非特许经营合同上马的基建项目就越多;但是,项目自身的复杂性会导致非特许经营合同在长期产生高昂的交易成本,从而抑制地方政府上马此类项目。本研究将PPP的研究视角从交易成本拓展到政治机会主义,从而更为全面地阐述了新公共管理运动在转型国家更易遭遇挫折的原因。
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3298 , 1467-9299
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482694-X
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 3,6
    SSG: 3,7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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