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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The combined effects of prenatal drug exposure and early adversity on neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood and adolescence
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  Development and Psychopathology Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2011-08), p. 777-788
    Details
    In: Development and Psychopathology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2011-08), p. 777-788
    Abstract: The negative effects of prenatal substance exposure on neurobiological and psychological development and of early adversity are clear, but little is known about their combined effects. In this study, multilevel analyses of the effects of prenatal substance exposure and early adversity on the emergence of neurobehavioral disinhibition in adolescence were conducted. Neurobehavioral disinhibition has previously been observed to occur frequently in multiproblem youth from high-risk backgrounds. In the present study, neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed via behavioral dysregulation and poor executive function composite measures. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal investigation of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants followed from birth through adolescence. The results from latent growth modeling analyses showed mean stability but significant individual differences in behavioral dysregulation and mean decline with individual differences in executive function difficulties. Prior behavioral dysregulation predicted increased executive function difficulties. Prenatal drug use predicted the emergence and growth in neurobehavioral disinhibition across adolescence (directly for behavioral dysregulation and indirectly for executive function difficulties via early adversity and behavioral dysregulation). Prenatal drug use and early adversity exhibited unique effects on growth in behavioral dysregulation; early adversity uniquely predicted executive function difficulties. These results are discussed in terms of implications for theory development, social policy, and prevention science.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-5794 , 1469-2198
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0954579411000290
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501055-7
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early caregiving stress exposure moderates the relation between respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity at 1 month and biobehavioral outcomes at age 3
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Psychophysiology Vol. 53, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 83-96
    Details
    In: Psychophysiology, Wiley, Vol. 53, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 83-96
    Abstract: There is a growing scientific interest in the psychophysiological functioning of children living in low‐socioeconomic status (SES) contexts, though this research is complicated by knowledge that physiology–behavior relations often operate differently in these environments among adults. Importantly, such research is made more difficult because SES may be a proxy for a wide range of risk factors including poor caregiving and exposure to parental substance use. We used factor analysis to organize risk‐exposure data collected from 827 children—many of whom were raised in low‐SES contexts and exposed to substances prenatally—into dissociable components including economic stress, caregiving stress (e.g., stress the caregiver may experience, including parental psychopathology), and postnatal substance exposure. These factors, along with respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity at age 1 month, were used to predict behavior dysregulation and resting RSA at age 3 years. A significant RSA Reactivity × Caregiving Stress interaction indicated that infants who exhibited high RSA reactivity at 1 month experienced the greatest behavior dysregulation at 3 years, but only when they were exposed to high levels of caregiving stress. Among African Americans, the highest resting RSA at 3 years was found in infants with less RSA reactivity, but only if they also experienced less caregiving stress. Our work is consistent with biological sensitivity to context, adaptive calibration, and allostatic load models, and highlights the importance of studying Physiology × Environment interactions in low‐SES contexts for predicting behavior and resting RSA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-5772 , 1469-8986
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/psyp.2016.53.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12569
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1484299-3
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transactional relations between caregiving stress, executive functioning, and problem behavior from early childhood to early adolescence
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  Development and Psychopathology Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2016-08), p. 743-756
    Details
    In: Development and Psychopathology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2016-08), p. 743-756
    Abstract: Developmental psychopathologists face the difficult task of identifying the environmental conditions that may contribute to early childhood behavior problems. Highly stressed caregivers can exacerbate behavior problems, while children with behavior problems may make parenting more difficult and increase caregiver stress. Unknown is: (a) how these transactions originate, (b) whether they persist over time to contribute to the development of problem behavior and (c) what role resilience factors, such as child executive functioning, may play in mitigating the development of problem behavior. In the present study, transactional relations between caregiving stress, executive functioning, and behavior problems were examined in a sample of 1,388 children with prenatal drug exposures at three developmental time points: early childhood (birth to age 5), middle childhood (ages 6 to 9), and early adolescence (ages 10 to 13). Transactional relations differed between caregiving stress and internalizing versus externalizing behavior. Targeting executive functioning in evidence-based interventions for children with prenatal substance exposure who present with internalizing problems and treating caregiving psychopathology, depression, and parenting stress in early childhood may be particularly important for children presenting with internalizing behavior.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-5794 , 1469-2198
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0954579416000286
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501055-7
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The contributions of early adverse experiences and trajectories of respiratory sinus arrhythmia on the development of neurobehavioral disinhibition among children with prenatal substance exposure
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Development and Psychopathology Vol. 26, No. 4pt1 ( 2014-11), p. 901-916
    Details
    In: Development and Psychopathology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 26, No. 4pt1 ( 2014-11), p. 901-916
    Abstract: Neurobehavioral disinhibition (ND) is a complex condition reflecting a wide range of problems involving difficulties with emotion regulation and behavior control. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a physiological correlate of emotion regulation that has been studied in a variety of at-risk populations; however, there are no studies of RSA in children with ND. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal study of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants. Baseline RSA and RSA reactivity to an attention-demanding task were assessed at 3, 4, 5, and 6 years. ND was assessed at ages 8/9, 11, and 13/14 years via behavioral dysregulation and executive dysfunction composite measures. Greater exposure to early adversity was related to less RSA reactivity at 3 years, increases in RSA reactivity from ages 3 to 6 years, and increased behavioral dysregulation from ages 8/9 to 13/14. RSA reactivity was examined as a moderator of the association between early adversity and changes in ND. A significant Early Adversity × RSA Reactivity quadratic interaction revealed that children with decelerations in RSA reactivity exhibited increases in behavioral dysregulation, regardless of their exposure to early adversity. However, greater exposure to early adversity was related to greater increases in behavioral dysregulation, but only if children exhibited accelerations in RSA reactivity from ages 3 to 6 years. The results contribute to our understanding of how interactions across multiple levels of analysis contribute to the development of ND.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-5794 , 1469-2198
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S095457941400056X
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501055-7
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Attachment Status in Children Prenatally Exposed to Cocaine and Other Substances
    Wiley ; 2004
    In:  Child Development Vol. 75, No. 3 ( 2004-05), p. 850-868
    Details
    In: Child Development, Wiley, Vol. 75, No. 3 ( 2004-05), p. 850-868
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-3920 , 1467-8624
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cdev.2004.75.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00710.x
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 215602-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047406-4
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of prenatal substance exposure on infant temperament vary by context
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  Development and Psychopathology Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2016-05), p. 309-326
    Details
    In: Development and Psychopathology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2016-05), p. 309-326
    Abstract: This was a prospective longitudinal multisite study of the effects of prenatal cocaine and/or opiate exposure on temperament in 4-month-olds of the Maternal Lifestyle Study ( N = 958: 366 cocaine exposed, 37 opiate exposed, 33 exposed to both drugs, 522 matched comparison). The study evaluated positivity and negativity during The Behavior Assessment of Infant Temperament (Garcia Coll et al., 1988). Parents rated temperament (Infant Behavior Questionnaire; Rothbart, 1981). Cocaine-exposed infants showed less positivity overall, mainly during activity and threshold items, more negativity during sociability items, and less negativity during irritability and threshold items. Latent profile analysis indicated individual temperament patterns were best described by three groups: low/moderate overall reactivity, high social negative reactivity, and high nonsocial negative reactivity . Infants with heavy cocaine exposure were more likely in high social negative reactivity profile, were less negative during threshold items, and required longer soothing intervention. Cocaine- and opiate-exposed infants scored lower on Infant Behavior Questionnaire smiling and laughter and duration of orienting scales. Opiate-exposed infants were rated as less respondent to soothing. By including a multitask measure of temperament we were able to show context-specific behavioral dysregulation in prenatally cocaine-exposed infants. The findings indicate flatter temperament may be specific to nonsocial contexts, whereas social interactions may be more distressing for cocaine-exposed infants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-5794 , 1469-2198
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0954579415000504
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501055-7
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cortisol Reactivity to Social Stress as a Mediator of Early Adversity on Risk and Adaptive Outcomes
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Child Development Vol. 85, No. 6 ( 2014-11), p. 2279-2298
    Details
    In: Child Development, Wiley, Vol. 85, No. 6 ( 2014-11), p. 2279-2298
    Abstract: Children chronically exposed to stress early in life are at increased risk for maladaptive outcomes, though the physiological mechanisms driving these effects are unknown. Cortisol reactivity was tested as a mediator of the relation between prenatal substance exposure and/or early adversity on adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal study of prenatal substance exposure ( N  = 860). Cortisol reactivity was assessed at age 11. Among African Americans, prenatal substance exposure exerted an indirect effect through early adversity and cortisol reactivity to predict externalizing behavior, delinquency, and a positive student–teacher relationship at age 11. Decreased cortisol reactivity was related to maladaptive outcomes, and increased cortisol reactivity predicted better executive functioning and a more positive student–teacher relationship.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-3920 , 1467-8624
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cdev.2014.85.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12316
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 215602-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047406-4
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vagal tone as a resilience factor in children with prenatal cocaine exposure
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2007
    In:  Development and Psychopathology Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2007-06), p. 649-673
    Details
    In: Development and Psychopathology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2007-06), p. 649-673
    Abstract: Studies have investigated the potential effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (CE) on children's development. However, few studies have examined predictors of resilient outcomes in this population. We examined vagal tone (VT) as a resilience factor in prenatal CE. Utilizing data from the Maternal Lifestyle Study, a cumulative risk index was derived for children with and without prenatal CE. Presence of CE and other prenatal drugs was summed with postnatal risks in infancy to yield a 15-item risk index. Preschool cognitive outcomes, problem behaviors, and adaptive behaviors were measured. VT was assessed during an infant exam at 1 month and toy exploration at 36 months. We included children with complete physiologic data (217 CE, 333 non-CE). Children were classified as having consistently high, consistently low, or fluctuating VT at 1 and 36 months. Children were also classified as high versus low risk. High-risk children had lower IQ scores, more problem behaviors, and lower ratings of adaptive behaviors than low-risk children. A significant risk by VT–stability interaction indicated that for high-risk children, those with stable low VT had higher ratings of adaptive behaviors at 36 months. This is consistent with theory linking reduced VT during tasks to adaptive regulation and indicates that such regulatory functioning may serve as a protective factor in prenatal CE.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-5794 , 1469-2198
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0954579407000338
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501055-7
    SSG: 5,2
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