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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detection of H[TINF]2[/TINF] Pure Rotational Line Emission from the GG Tauri Binary System
    American Astronomical Society ; 1999
    In:  The Astrophysical Journal Vol. 521, No. 1 ( 1999-8-10), p. L63-L66
    Details
    In: The Astrophysical Journal, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 521, No. 1 ( 1999-8-10), p. L63-L66
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-637X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1086/312171
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207648-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473835-1
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interferometric Observations of Formaldehyde in the Protoplanetary Disk around LkCa 15
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2003
    In:  Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Vol. 55, No. 1 ( 2003-02-25), p. 11-15
    Details
    In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 55, No. 1 ( 2003-02-25), p. 11-15
    Abstract: Emission from the $2_{12} \hbox{-} 1_{11}$ line of $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}$ has been detected and marginally resolved toward LkCa 15 by the Nobeyama Millimeter Array. The column density of $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}$ is higher than that observed in DM Tau and than predicted by theoretical models of disk chemistry; also, the line-intensity profile is less centrally peaked than that for CO. A similar behavior is observed in other organic gaseous molecules in the LkCa 15 disk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2053-051X , 0004-6264
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/pasj/55.1.11
    RVK:
    US 1090
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2206640-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083084-1
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Refinements to Ice Particle Mass Dimensional and Terminal Velocity Relationships for Ice Clouds. Part II: Evaluation and Parameterizations of Ensemble Ice Particle Sedimentation Velocities
    American Meteorological Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2007-04-01), p. 1068-1088
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2007-04-01), p. 1068-1088
    Abstract: This two-part study addresses the development of reliable estimates of the mass and fall speed of single ice particles and ensembles. Part I of the study reports temperature-dependent coefficients for the mass-dimensional relationship, m = aDb, where D is particle maximum dimension. The fall velocity relationship, Vt = ADB, is developed from observations in synoptic and low-latitude, convectively generated, ice cloud layers, sampled over a wide range of temperatures using an assumed range for the exponent b. Values for a, A, and B were found that were consistent with the measured particle size distributions (PSD) and the ice water content (IWC). To refine the estimates of coefficients a and b to fit both lower and higher moments of the PSD and the associated values for A and B, Part II uses the PSD from Part I plus coincident, vertically pointing Doppler radar returns. The observations and derived coefficients are used to evaluate earlier, single-moment, bulk ice microphysical parameterization schemes as well as to develop improved, statistically based, microphysical relationships. They may be used in cloud and climate models, and to retrieve cloud properties from ground-based Doppler radar and spaceborne, conventional radar returns.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0469 , 0022-4928
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAS3900.1
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218351-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Testing IWC Retrieval Methods Using Radar and Ancillary Measurements with In Situ Data
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 2008-01-01), p. 135-163
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 2008-01-01), p. 135-163
    Abstract: Vertical profiles of ice water content (IWC) can now be derived globally from spaceborne cloud satellite radar (CloudSat) data. Integrating these data with Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) data may further increase accuracy. Evaluations of the accuracy of IWC retrieved from radar alone and together with other measurements are now essential. A forward model employing aircraft Lagrangian spiral descents through mid- and low-latitude ice clouds is used to estimate profiles of what a lidar and conventional and Doppler radar would sense. Radar reflectivity Ze and Doppler fall speed at multiple wavelengths and extinction in visible wavelengths were derived from particle size distributions and shape data, constrained by IWC that were measured directly in most instances. These data were provided to eight teams that together cover 10 retrieval methods. Almost 3400 vertically distributed points from 19 clouds were used. Approximate cloud optical depths ranged from below 1 to more than 50. The teams returned retrieval IWC profiles that were evaluated in seven different ways to identify the amount and sources of errors. The mean (median) ratio of the retrieved-to-measured IWC was 1.15 (1.03) ± 0.66 for all teams, 1.08 (1.00) ± 0.60 for those employing a lidar–radar approach, and 1.27 (1.12) ± 0.78 for the standard CloudSat radar–visible optical depth algorithm for Ze & gt; −28 dBZe. The ratios for the groups employing the lidar–radar approach and the radar–visible optical depth algorithm may be lower by as much as 25% because of uncertainties in the extinction in small ice particles provided to the groups. Retrievals from future spaceborne radar using reflectivity–Doppler fall speeds show considerable promise. A lidar–radar approach, as applied to measurements from CALIPSO and CloudSat, is useful only in a narrow range of ice water paths (IWP) (40 & lt; IWP & lt; 100 g m−2). Because of the use of the Rayleigh approximation at high reflectivities in some of the algorithms and differences in the way nonspherical particles and Mie effects are considered, IWC retrievals in regions of radar reflectivity at 94 GHz exceeding about 5 dBZe are subject to uncertainties of ±50%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8432 , 1558-8424
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2007JAMC1606.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227779-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227759-6
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