In:
Advanced Materials, Wiley
Abstract:
Low temperature rechargeable batteries are important to life in cold climates, polar/deep‐sea expeditions and space explorations. Here, we report 3.5 – 4 V rechargeable lithium/chlorine (Li/Cl 2 ) batteries operating down to ‐80°C, employing Li metal negative electrode, a novel CO 2 activated porous carbon (KJCO 2 ) as the positive electrode, and a high ionic conductivity (∼ 5 to 20 mS cm −1 from ‐80°C to room‐temperature) electrolyte comprised of aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ), lithium chloride (LiCl), and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in low‐melting‐point (‐104.5 °C) thionyl chloride (SOCl 2 ). Between room‐temperature and ‐80°C, the Li/Cl 2 battery delivered up to ∼ 29,100 – 4,500 mAh g −1 first discharge capacity (based on carbon mass) and a 1,200 – 5,000 mAh g −1 reversible capacity over up to 130 charge‐discharge cycles. Mass spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy probed Cl 2 trapped in the porous carbon upon LiCl electro‐oxidation during charging. At ‐80°C, Cl 2 /SCl 2 /S 2 Cl 2 generated by electro‐oxidation in the charging step were trapped in porous KJCO 2 carbon, allowing for reversible reduction to afford a high discharge voltage plateau near ∼ 4 V with up to ∼ 1000 mAh g −1 capacity for SCl 2 /S 2 Cl 2 reduction and up to ∼ 4000 mAh g −1 capacity at ∼ 3.1 V plateau for Cl 2 reduction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0935-9648
,
1521-4095
DOI:
10.1002/adma.202307192
Language:
English
Publisher:
Wiley
Publication Date:
2023
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1474949-X
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