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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental characterization of the 192 channel Clear-PEM frontend ASIC coupled to a multi-pixel APD readout of LYSO:Ce crystals
    Elsevier BV ; 2009
    In:  Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment Vol. 598, No. 3 ( 2009-1), p. 802-814
    Details
    In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 598, No. 3 ( 2009-1), p. 802-814
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2008.10.005
    RVK:
    UA 5680.A
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466532-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Muon tomography with Resistive Plate Chambers for geological characterization
    Elsevier BV ; 2024
    In:  Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment Vol. 1060 ( 2024-03), p. 169031-
    Details
    In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 1060 ( 2024-03), p. 169031-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2023.169031
    RVK:
    UA 5680.A
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466532-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance Simulation Studies of the Clear-PEM DAQ/Trigger System
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; 2006
    In:  IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Vol. 53, No. 4 ( 2006-8), p. 2102-2111
    Details
    In: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Vol. 53, No. 4 ( 2006-8), p. 2102-2111
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-9499 , 1558-1578
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1109/TNS.23
    DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2006.876155
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218510-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025398-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design and test issues of an FPGA based data acquisition system for medical imaging using PEM
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; 2006
    In:  IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Vol. 53, No. 3 ( 2006-06), p. 761-769
    Details
    In: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Vol. 53, No. 3 ( 2006-06), p. 761-769
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-9499
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2006.874841
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218510-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025398-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Helical Twisting of Electrospun Liquid Crystalline Cellulose Micro‐ and Nanofibers
    Wiley ; 2008
    In:  Advanced Materials Vol. 20, No. 24 ( 2008-12-17), p. 4821-4825
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials, Wiley, Vol. 20, No. 24 ( 2008-12-17), p. 4821-4825
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0935-9648 , 1521-4095
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/adma.v20:24
    DOI: 10.1002/adma.200801008
    RVK:
    UA 1538
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474949-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Probability Density Functions of Liquid Water Path and Total Water Content of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds: Implications for Cloud Parameterization
    American Meteorological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2012-03-15), p. 2162-2177
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2012-03-15), p. 2162-2177
    Abstract: Mathematical forms of probability density functions (PDFs) of liquid water path (LWP) and total water content for marine boundary layer clouds are investigated using the homogeneity, skewness, and kurtosis of PDFs of LWP obtained from observations described in a companion paper. First, observed LWP PDF data are divided into four categories depending on the stability between 775 and 1000 hPa in order to investigate the characteristics of the PDFs of LWP depending on stability of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The relationships between cloud amount and higher moments of LWP PDFs for different ABLs show different features. When the stability becomes larger, the LWP PDFs have larger homogeneity, smaller skewness, and smaller kurtosis for similar cloud amounts. To extract useful information about the PDFs of total water content for strongly and moderately stable ABLs, the relationship between LWP PDFs and PDFs of total water content is determined by introducing a set of simple assumptions for the vertical structure of total water content in well-mixed boundary layers. By comparing the observed relationships between cloud amount and higher moments of LWP PDFs, with similar relationships deduced theoretically from various forms of PDFs of total water content, it is found that, in general, the triangular and Gaussian PDFs are a realistic approximation for PDFs of total water content in marine boundary layer clouds for strongly and moderately stable ABLs. Results concerning the correction ratio for the autoconversion rate of cloud water content to precipitation and the reduction factor for shortwave reflectance, as functions of cloud amount, are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00117.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Strong Impact of Weak Horizontal Convergence on Continental Shallow Convection
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 77, No. 9 ( 2020-09-01), p. 3119-3137
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 77, No. 9 ( 2020-09-01), p. 3119-3137
    Abstract: Idealized large-eddy simulation (LES) is a basic tool for studying three-dimensional turbulence in the planetary boundary layer. LES is capable of providing benchmark solutions for parameterization development efforts. However, real small-scale atmospheric flows develop in heterogeneous and transient environments with locally varying vertical motions inherent to open multiscale interactive dynamical systems. These variations are often too subtle to detect them by state-of-the-art remote and in situ measurements, and are typically excluded from idealized simulations. The present study addresses the impact of weak [i.e., O(10−6) s−1] short-lived low-level large-scale convergence/divergence perturbations on continental shallow convection. The results show a strong response of shallow nonprecipitating convection to the applied weak large-scale dynamical forcing. Evolutions of CAPE, mean liquid water path, and cloud-top heights are significantly affected by the imposed convergence/divergence. In contrast, evolving cloud-base properties, such as the area coverage and mass flux, are only weakly affected. To contrast those impacts with microphysical sensitivity, the baseline simulations are perturbed assuming different observationally based cloud droplet number concentrations and thus different rainfall. For the tested range of microphysical perturbations, the imposed convergence/divergence provides significantly larger impact than changes in the cloud microphysics. Simulation results presented here provide a stringent test for convection parameterizations, especially important for large-scale models progressing toward resolving some nonhydrostatic effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-19-0351.1
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218351-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extreme Convection and Tropical Climate Variability: Scaling of Cold Brightness Temperatures to Sea Surface Temperature
    American Meteorological Society ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 29, No. 10 ( 2016-05-15), p. 3893-3905
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 29, No. 10 ( 2016-05-15), p. 3893-3905
    Abstract: Changes in tropical convective events provide a test bed for understanding changes of extreme convection in a warming climate. Because convective cloud top in deep convection is associated with cold brightness temperatures (BTs) in infrared window channels, variability in global convective events can be studied by spaceborne measurements of BTs. The sensitivity of BTs, directly measured by an Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) window channel, to natural changes (the seasonal cycle and El Niño–Southern Oscillation) in tropical sea surface temperature (SST) is examined. It is found that tropical average BTs (over the ocean) at the low percentiles of their probability distributions scale with tropical average SSTs (higher SST leading to colder BTs), with the lower percentiles being significantly more sensitive to changes in SST. The sensitivity is reduced for high percentiles of BT and is insignificant for the median BT, and has similar magnitudes for the two natural changes used in the study. The regions where the lower-percentile BTs are most sensitive to SST are near the edges of the convection active areas (intertropical convergence zone and South Pacific convergence zone), including areas with active tropical cyclone activity. Since cold BTs of lower percentiles represent stronger convective events, this study provides, for the first time, global observational evidence of higher sensitivity of changes in stronger convective activity to a changing SST. This result has important potential implications in answering the key climate question of how severe tropical convection will change in a warming world.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0214.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observational Boundary Layer Energy and Water Budgets of the Stratocumulus-to-Cumulus Transition
    American Meteorological Society ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 27, No. 24 ( 2014-12-15), p. 9155-9170
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 27, No. 24 ( 2014-12-15), p. 9155-9170
    Abstract: The authors estimate summer mean boundary layer water and energy budgets along a northeast Pacific transect from 35° to 15°N, which includes the transition from marine stratocumulus to trade cumulus clouds. Observational data is used from three A-Train satellites, Aqua, CloudSat, and the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO); data derived from GPS signals intercepted by microsatellites of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC); and the container-ship-based Marine Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study/Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (GCSS/WGNE) Pacific Cross-Section Intercomparison (GPCI) Investigation of Clouds (MAGIC) campaign. These are unique satellite and shipborne observations providing the first global-scale observations of light precipitation, new vertically resolved radiation budget products derived from the active sensors, and well-sampled radiosonde data near the transect. In addition to the observations, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) fields are utilized to estimate the budgets. Both budgets approach within 3 W m−2 averaged along the transect, although uncertainty estimates from the study are much larger than this residual. A mean entrainment rate along the transect of mm s−1 is also estimated. A gradual transition is observed in the climatological mean from the stratocumulus regime to the cumulus regime characterized by an increase in boundary layer height, latent heat flux, rain, and the horizontal advection of dry air and a decrease in entrainment of warm dry air.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00242.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Integrated TKE-Based Eddy Diffusivity/Mass Flux Boundary Layer Closure for the Dry Convective Boundary Layer
    American Meteorological Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 68, No. 7 ( 2011-07-01), p. 1526-1540
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 68, No. 7 ( 2011-07-01), p. 1526-1540
    Abstract: This study presents a new approach to the eddy diffusivity/mass flux (EDMF) framework for the modeling of convective boundary layers. At the root of EDMF lies a decomposition of turbulent transport mechanisms into strong ascending updrafts and smaller-scale turbulent motions. The turbulent fluxes can be therefore described using two conventional approaches: mass flux (MF) for the organized thermals and eddy diffusivity (ED) for the remaining turbulent field. Since the intensities of both MF and ED transports depend on the kinetic energy of the turbulent motions, it seems reasonable to formulate an EDMF framework based on turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Such an approach allows for more physical and less arbitrary formulations of parameters in the model. In this study the EDMF–TKE coupling is achieved through the use of (i) a new parameterization for the lateral entrainment coefficient ɛ and (ii) the MF contribution to the buoyancy source of TKE. Some other important features of the EDMF parameterization presented here include a revised mixing length formulation and Monin–Obukhov stability scaling for the surface layer. The scheme is implemented in a one-dimensional (1D) model. Several cases of dry convective boundary layers (CBL) with different surface sensible heat fluxes in the free-convection limit are investigated. Results are compared to large-eddy simulation (LES). Good agreement between LES and the 1D model is achieved with respect to mean profiles, boundary layer evolution, and updraft characteristics. Some disagreements between the models are found to most likely relate to deficiencies in the TKE simulation in the 1D model. Comparison with other previously established ɛ parameterizations shows that the new TKE-based formulation leads to equally accurate, and in many respects better, simulation of the CBL. The encouraging results obtained with the proposed EDMF framework indicate that full integration of EDMF with higher-order closures is possible and can further improve boundary layer simulations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2011JAS3548.1
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218351-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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