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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An evaluation of surface meteorology and fluxes over the Iceland and Greenland Seas in ERA5 reanalysis: The impact of sea ice distribution
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 147, No. 734 ( 2021-01), p. 691-712
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 147, No. 734 ( 2021-01), p. 691-712
    Abstract: The Iceland and Greenland Seas are a crucial region for the climate system, being the headwaters of the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Investigating the atmosphere–ocean–ice processes in this region often necessitates the use of meteorological reanalyses—a representation of the atmospheric state based on the assimilation of observations into a numerical weather prediction system. Knowing the quality of reanalysis products is vital for their proper use. Here we evaluate the surface‐layer meteorology and surface turbulent fluxes in winter and spring for the latest reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, i.e., ERA5. In situ observations from a meteorological buoy, a research vessel, and a research aircraft during the Iceland–Greenland Seas Project provide unparalleled coverage of this climatically important region. The observations are independent of ERA5. They allow a comprehensive evaluation of the surface meteorology and fluxes of these subpolar seas and, for the first time, a specific focus on the marginal ice zone. Over the ice‐free ocean, ERA5 generally compares well to the observations of surface‐layer meteorology and turbulent fluxes. However, over the marginal ice zone, the correspondence is noticeably less accurate: for example, the root‐mean‐square errors are significantly higher for surface temperature, wind speed, and surface sensible heat flux. The primary reason for the difference in reanalysis quality is an overly smooth sea‐ice distribution in the surface boundary conditions used in ERA5. Particularly over the marginal ice zone, unrepresented variability and uncertainties in how to parameterize surface exchange compromise the quality of the reanalyses. A parallel evaluation of higher‐resolution forecast fields from the Met Office's Unified Model corroborates these findings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.v147.734
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.3941
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3142-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089168-4
    SSG: 14
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Foehn jets over the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 141, No. 688 ( 2015-04), p. 698-713
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 141, No. 688 ( 2015-04), p. 698-713
    Abstract: Previously unknown foehn jets have been identified to the east of the Antarctic Peninsula ( AP ) above the Larsen C Ice Shelf. These jets have major implications for the east coast of the AP , a region of rapid climatic warming and where two large sections of ice shelf have collapsed in recent years. During three foehn events across the AP , leeside warming and drying is seen in new aircraft observations and simulated well by the Met Office Unified Model ( MetUM ) at ∼1.5 km grid spacing. In case A, weak southwesterly flow and an elevated upwind inversion characterise a highly nonlinear flow regime with upwind flow blocking. In case C strong northwesterly winds characterise a relatively linear case with little upwind flow blocking. Case B resides somewhere between the two in flow regime linearity. The foehn jets – apparent in aircraft observations where available and MetUM simulations of all three cases – are mesoscale features (up to 60 km in width) originating from the mouths of leeside inlets. Through back trajectory analysis they are identified as a type of gap flow. In cases A and B the jets are distinct, being strongly accelerated relative to the background flow, and confined to low levels above the Larsen C Ice Shelf. They resemble the ‘shallow foehn’ of the Alps. Case C resembles a case of ‘deep foehn’, with the jets less distinct. The foehn jets are considerably cooler and moister relative to adjacent regions of calmer foehn air. This is due to a dampened foehn effect in the jet regions: in case A the jets have lower upwind source regions, and in the more linear case C there is less diabatic warming and precipitation along jet trajectories due to the reduced orographic uplift across the mountain passes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.2015.141.issue-688
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.2382
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3142-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089168-4
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis of Pyrazine Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids Related to Aspergillic Acid
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1949
    In:  Nature Vol. 164, No. 4161 ( 1949-7), p. 181-181
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 164, No. 4161 ( 1949-7), p. 181-181
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/164181a0
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1949
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Foehn warming distributions in nonlinear and linear flow regimes: a focus on the Antarctic Peninsula
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 142, No. 695 ( 2016-01), p. 618-631
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 142, No. 695 ( 2016-01), p. 618-631
    Abstract: The structure of lee‐side warming during foehn events is investigated as a function of cross‐barrier flow regime linearity. Two contrasting cases of westerly flow over the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) are considered – one highly nonlinear, the other relatively linear. Westerly flow impinging on the AP provides one of the best natural laboratories in the world for the study of foehn, owing to its maritime setting and the Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS) providing an expansive, homogeneous and smooth surface on its east side. Numerical simulations with the Met Office Unified Model (at 1.5 km grid size) and aircraft observations are utilized. In case A, relatively weak southwesterly cross‐Peninsula flow and an elevated upwind inversion dictate a highly nonlinear foehn event, with mountain wave breaking observed. The consequent strongly accelerated downslope flow leads to high‐amplitude warming and ice‐shelf melt in the immediate lee of the AP. However this foehn warming diminishes rapidly downwind due to upward ascent of the foehn flow via a hydraulic jump. In case C, strong northwesterly winds dictate a relatively linear flow regime. There is no hydraulic jump and strong foehn winds are able to flow at low levels across the entire ice shelf, mechanically mixing the near‐surface flow, preventing the development of a strong surface inversion and delivering large fluxes of sensible heat to the ice shelf. Consequently, in case C ice‐melt rates are considerably greater over the LCIS as a whole than in case A. Our results imply that although nonlinear foehn events cause intense warming in the immediate lee of mountains, linear foehn events will commonly cause more extensive lee‐side warming and, over an ice surface, higher melt rates. This has major implications for the AP, where recent east‐coast warming has led to the collapse of two ice shelves immediately north of the LCIS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.2016.142.issue-695
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.2489
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3142-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089168-4
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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