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  • 1
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 320, No. 5882 ( 2008-06-13), p. 1504-1506
    Abstract: Differentiation and secondary metabolism are correlated processes in fungi that respond to light. In Aspergillus nidulans , light inhibits sexual reproduction as well as secondary metabolism. We identified the heterotrimeric velvet complex VelB/VeA/LaeA connecting light-responding developmental regulation and control of secondary metabolism. VeA, which is primarily expressed in the dark, physically interacts with VelB, which is expressed during sexual development. VeA bridges VelB to the nuclear master regulator of secondary metabolism, LaeA. Deletion of either velB or veA results in defects in both sexual fruiting-body formation and the production of secondary metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 2
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 438, No. 7071 ( 2005-12), p. 1105-1115
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2005
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2017
    In:  Science Vol. 357, No. 6355 ( 2017-09-08), p. 1037-1041
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 357, No. 6355 ( 2017-09-08), p. 1037-1041
    Abstract: Humans inhale mold conidia daily and typically experience lifelong asymptomatic clearance. Conidial germination into tissue-invasive hyphae can occur in individuals with defects in myeloid function, although the mechanism of myeloid cell–mediated immune surveillance remains unclear. By monitoring fungal physiology in vivo, we demonstrate that lung neutrophils trigger programmed cell death with apoptosis-like features in Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, the most prevalent human mold pathogen. An antiapoptotic protein, AfBIR1, opposes this process by inhibiting fungal caspase activation and DNA fragmentation in the murine lung. Genetic and pharmacologic studies indicate that AfBIR1 expression and activity underlie conidial susceptibility to NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase-dependent killing and, in turn, host susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis. Immune surveillance exploits a fungal apoptosis-like programmed cell death pathway to maintain sterilizing immunity in the lung.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2002
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 99, No. 10 ( 2002-05-14), p. 6631-6636
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 99, No. 10 ( 2002-05-14), p. 6631-6636
    Abstract: The yeast chorismate mutase is regulated by tyrosine as feedback inhibitor and tryptophan as crosspathway activator. The monomer consists of a catalytic and a regulatory domain covalently linked by the loop L220s (212–226), which functions as a molecular hinge. Two monomers form the active dimeric enzyme stabilized by hydrophobic interactions in the vicinity of loop L220s. The role of loop L220s and its environment for enzyme regulation, dimerization, and stability was analyzed. Substitution of yeast loop L220s in place of the homologous loop from the corresponding and similarly regulated Aspergillus enzyme (and the reverse substitution) changed tyrosine inhibition to activation. Yeast loop L220s substituted into the Aspergillus enzyme resulted in a tryptophan-inhibitable enzyme. Monomeric yeast chorismate mutases could be generated by substituting two hydrophobic residues in and near the hinge region. The resulting Thr-212→Asp–Phe-28→Asp enzyme was as stable as wild type, but lost allosteric regulation and showed reduced catalytic activity. These results underline the crucial role of this molecular hinge for inhibition, activation, quaternary structure, and stability of yeast chorismate mutase.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 5
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 360, No. 6395 ( 2018-06-22)
    Abstract: Aouacheria et al . question the interpretation of contemporary assays to monitor programmed cell death with apoptosis-like features (A-PCD) in Aspergillus fumigatus . Although our study focuses on fungal A-PCD for host immune surveillance and infectious outcomes, the experimental approach incorporates multiple independent A-PCD markers and genetic manipulations based on fungal rather than mammalian orthologs to circumvent the limitations associated with any single approach.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 1998
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 95, No. 6 ( 1998-03-17), p. 2868-2873
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 95, No. 6 ( 1998-03-17), p. 2868-2873
    Abstract: Yeast chorismate mutase (EC 5.4.99.5 ) shows homotropic activation by the substrate, allosteric activation by tryptophan, and allosteric inhibition by tyrosine. In this study mutants of chorismate mutase have been found that remain sensitive to one allosteric effector (tryptophan) but insensitive to the other (tyrosine). These mutations are located in the catalytic domain: loop 220s (212–226) and helix 12 (227–251). The first example starts with the Thr-266 → Ile mutant that had previously been shown to be locked in the activated R state. The additional mutation Ile-225 → Thr unlocks the R state and restores the activation by tryptophan but not the inhibition by tyrosine. The second example refers to a molecular trigger for the switch between the T and R state: a hydrogen-bonded system, which stabilizes only the T state, from Tyr-234 to Glu-23 to Arg-157. Various mutants of Tyr-234, especially Tyr-234 → Phe, are unresponsive to tyrosine but are activated by tryptophan. This separation of activation from inhibition may indicate a pathway for activation that is independent of the allosteric transition and may also be consistent with an intermediate structure between T and R states.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2002
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 99, No. 7 ( 2002-04-02), p. 4385-4390
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 99, No. 7 ( 2002-04-02), p. 4385-4390
    Abstract: Proteolysis triggered by the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is needed for sister chromatid separation and the exit from mitosis. APC is a ubiquitin ligase whose activity is tightly controlled during the cell cycle. To identify factors involved in the regulation of APC-mediated proteolysis, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL-cDNA library was screened for genes whose overexpression prevented degradation of an APC target protein, the mitotic cyclin Clb2. Genes encoding G 1 , S, and mitotic cyclins were identified, consistent with previous data showing that the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 associated with different cyclins is a key factor for inhibiting APC Cdh1 activity from late-G 1 phase until mitosis. In addition, the meiosis-specific protein kinase Ime2 was identified as a negative regulator of APC-mediated proteolysis. Ectopic expression of IME2 in G 1 arrested cells inhibited the degradation of mitotic cyclins and of other APC substrates. IME2 expression resulted in the phosphorylation of Cdh1 in G 1 cells, indicating that Ime2 and Cdk1 regulate APC Cdh1 in a similar manner. The expression of IME2 in cycling cells inhibited bud formation and caused cells to arrest in mitosis. We show further that Ime2 itself is an unstable protein whose proteolysis occurs independently of the APC and SCF (Skp1/Cdc53/F-box) ubiquitin ligases. Our findings suggest that Ime2 represents an unstable, meiosis-specific regulator of APC Cdh1 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2003
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 100, No. 3 ( 2003-02-04), p. 862-867
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 100, No. 3 ( 2003-02-04), p. 862-867
    Abstract: The β/α barrel is the common protein fold of numerous enzymes and was proposed recently to be the result of gene duplication and fusion of an ancient half-barrel. The initial enzyme of shikimate biosynthesis possesses the additional feature of feedback regulation. The crystal structure and kinetic studies on chimera and mutant proteins of yeast 3-deoxy- d -arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibited by phenylalanine (Aro3p) and DAHP synthase S. cerevisiae inhibited by tyrosine (Aro4p) give insight into important regions for regulation in the enzyme: The loop, which is connecting the two half-barrels, and structural elements added to the barrel are prerequisites for regulation and form a cavity on the N-terminal side of the β/α barrel. In the cavity of Aro4p at position 226 is a glycine residue, which is highly conserved in all other tyrosine-regulated DAHP synthases as well. Sequence alignments with phenylalanine-regulated DAHP synthases including Aro3p show a highly conserved serine residue at this position. An exchange of glycine to serine and vice versa leads to a complete change in the regulation pattern. Therefore the evolution of these differently feedback-inhibited isoenzymes required gene duplication and a single mutation within the internal extra element. Numerous additional amino acid substitutions present in the contemporary isoenzymes are irrelevant for regulation and occurred independently.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2005
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 102, No. 28 ( 2005-07-12), p. 9784-9789
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 102, No. 28 ( 2005-07-12), p. 9784-9789
    Abstract: The shikimate pathway resulting in three aromatic amino acids is initiated in different organisms by two and three 3-deoxy- d - arabino -heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthases, respectively. Aro3p and Aro4p are the yeast enzymes feedback-inhibited by phenylalanine and tyrosine, respectively. A yeast strain deficient in the general control transcriptional regulatory system of amino acid biosynthesis is unable to live in the presence of high amounts of phenylalanine and tyrosine. Here, we show that this yeast strain can be rescued by the expression of aroH from Escherichia coli encoding the tryptophan-regulated AroH as third isoenzyme. Yeast carrying Ec AroH as the only enzyme for the initial step of the shikimate pathway can grow in the absence of tryptophan. Without aromatic amino acids, this yeast strain survives only when the yeast ARO3 promoter instead of the ARO4 promoter drives E. coli aroH . The detailed analysis of Aro3p and Aro4p revealed a triple feedback control by tyrosine/phenylalanine and tryptophan. Dissecting this control allowed engineering of Aro4p S195A as an enzyme, which is inhibited like AroH only by tryptophan. In addition, Aro4p variants were constructed that show an equally strong inhibition by tyrosine and tryptophan (Aro4p P165G Q302R) and in which the regulation by tyrosine and tryptophan was reversed (Aro4p P165G). Our data suggest that yeast possesses only two instead of three isogenes encoding 3-deoxy- d - arabino -heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthases because both isoenzymes can be fine tuned by tryptophan as additional effector and because transcriptional regulation by the general control system can be induced as backup when aromatic amino acids in the environment are imbalanced.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 10
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 120, No. 35 ( 2023-08-29)
    Abstract: The conserved eight-subunit COP9 signalosome (CSN) is required for multicellular fungal development. The CSN deneddylase cooperates with the Cand1 exchange factor to control replacements of E3 ubiquitin cullin RING ligase receptors, providing specificity to eukaryotic protein degradation. Aspergillus nidulans CSN assembles through a heptameric pre-CSN, which is activated by integration of the catalytic CsnE deneddylase. Combined genetic and biochemical approaches provided the assembly choreography within a eukaryotic cell for native fungal CSN. Interactomes of functional GFP-Csn subunit fusions in pre-CSN deficient fungal strains were compared by affinity purifications and mass spectrometry. Two distinct heterotrimeric CSN subcomplexes were identified as pre-CSN assembly intermediates. CsnA-C-H and CsnD-F-G form independently of CsnB, which connects the heterotrimers to a heptamer and enables subsequent integration of CsnE to form the enzymatically active CSN complex. Surveillance mechanisms control accurate Csn subunit amounts and correct cellular localization for sequential assembly since deprivation of Csn subunits changes the abundance and location of remaining Csn subunits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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