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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    In Vivo Therapeutic Efficacy of Chloroquine Alone or in Combination with Primaquine against Vivax Malaria in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, and Polymorphism in pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o Genes
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 57, No. 3 ( 2013-03), p. 1246-1251
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 57, No. 3 ( 2013-03), p. 1246-1251
    Abstract: Plasmodium vivax malaria, though benign, has now become a matter of concern due to recent reports of life-threatening severity and development of parasite resistance to different antimalarial drugs. The magnitude of the problem is still undetermined. The present study was undertaken to determine the in vivo efficacy of chloroquine (CQ) and chloroquine plus primaquine in P. vivax malaria in Kolkata and polymorphisms in the pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes. A total of 250 patients with P. vivax monoinfection were recruited and randomized into two groups, A and B; treated with chloroquine and chloroquine plus primaquine, respectively; and followed up for 42 days according to the WHO protocol of 2009. Data were analyzed using per-protocol analyses. We assessed polymorphisms of the pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes by a DNA-sequencing method. Out of the 250 patients recruited, 204 completed a 42-day follow-up period, 101 in group A and 103 in group B. In group A, the non-PCR-corrected efficacy of CQ was 99% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.944 to 1.00), and in group B, all cases were classified as adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR). Day 3 positivity was observed in 11 (5.3%) cases. No specific mutation pattern was recorded in the pvcrt-o gene. Eight nonsynonymous mutations were found in the pvmdr1 gene, three of which were new. The Y976F mutation was not detected in any isolate. Chloroquine, either alone or in combination with primaquine, is still effective against P. vivax malaria in the study area. (The study protocol was registered in CTRI [Clinical Trial Registry-India] of the Indian council of Medical Research under registration no. CTRI/2011/09/002031.)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02050-12
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
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    Leishmania Promastigote Membrane Antigen-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunoblotting for Differential Diagnosis of Indian Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2005-03), p. 1269-1277
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2005-03), p. 1269-1277
    Abstract: Diagnosis of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), caused by Leishmania donovani , is difficult, as the dermal lesions are of several types and resemble those caused by other skin diseases, especially leprosy. Since the disease generally appears very late after the clinical cure of kala-azar in India, it is also difficult to correlate PKDL with a previous exposure to L. donovani . Very few attempts have been made so far to diagnose PKDL serologically, and the diagnostic methods vary in their sensitivities and specificities. Diagnosis of PKDL through sophisticated PCR methods, although highly sensitive, has limited practical use. We have developed a serodiagnostic method using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect specific immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes and IgG subclass antibodies in the sera of Indian PKDL patients. Our assay, which uses L. donovani promastigote membrane antigens, was 100% sensitive for the detection of IgG and 96.7% specific for the detection of IgG and IgG1. Optical density values for individual patients, however, demonstrated wide variations. Western blot analysis based on IgG reactivity could differentiate patients with PKDL from control subjects, which included patients with leprosy, patients from areas where kala-azar is endemic, and healthy subjects, by the detection of polypeptides of 67, 72, and 120 kDa. The recognition patterns of the majority of serum samples from patients with PKDL were also distinct from those of the serum samples from patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), at least for a 31-kDa polypeptide. To further differentiate patients with PKDL from those with active and cured VL, we analyzed the specific titers of the Ig isotypes and IgG subclasses. High levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 antibodies significantly differentiated patients with PKDL from patients cured of VL. The absence of antileishmanial IgE and IgG4 in patients with PKDL differentiated these patients from those with active VL. These results imply intrinsic differences in the antibodies generated in the sera from patients with PKDL and VL.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.3.1269-1277.2005
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    IL-10- and TGF-β-Mediated Susceptibility in Kala-azar and Post-kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis: The Significance of Amphotericin B in the Control of Leishmania donovani Infection in India
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2007
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 179, No. 8 ( 2007-10-15), p. 5592-5603
    Details
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 179, No. 8 ( 2007-10-15), p. 5592-5603
    Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is known to be associated with a mixed Th1-Th2 response, and effective host defense requires the induction of IFN-γ and IL-12. We address the role of the differential decline of IL-10 and TGF-β in response to sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) and amphotericin B (AmB), the therapeutic success of SAG and AmB in Indian VL, and the significance of IL-10 and TGF-β in the development and progression of post-kazla-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). In the active disease, PBMC from VL patients showed suppressed Ag-specific lymphoproliferation, IFN-γ and IL-12 production, and elevation of IL-10 and TGF-β. Cure corresponded with an elevation in IFN-γ and IL-12 production and down-regulation of IL-10 and TGF-β. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were involved in IFN-γ and IL-10 production. Interestingly, the retention and maintenance of residual IL-10 and TGF-β in some SAG-treated individuals and the elevation of IL-10 and TGF-β in PKDL, a sequel to kala-azar, probably reflects the role of these cytokines in reactivation of the disease in the form of PKDL. Contrastingly, AmB treatment of VL resulted in negligible TGF-β levels and absolute elimination of IL-10, reflecting the better therapeutic activity of AmB and its probable role in the recent decline in PKDL occurrences in India. Moreover, elucidation of immune responses in Indian PKDL patients revealed a spectral pattern of disease progression where disease severity could be correlated inversely with lymphoproliferation and directly with TGF-β, IL-10, and Ab production. In addition, the enhancement of CD4+CD25+ T cells in active VL, their decline at cure, and reactivation in PKDL suggest their probable immunosuppressive role in these disease forms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5592
    RVK:
    XA 54100
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 4
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    Dermatological Implications of Galectin-3 in Circulation: An Evaluation From the Perspective of Patients With Differential Manifestations of Post–Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2019
    In:  The American Journal of Dermatopathology Vol. 41, No. 12 ( 2019-12), p. 897-907
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Dermatopathology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 41, No. 12 ( 2019-12), p. 897-907
    Abstract: Galectin-3, a β-galactoside–binding lectin, has been implicated in vast repertoire of inflammatory and immunomodulatory processes including skin diseases. However, galectin-3 has not been comprehensively studied in infectious diseases. This study emphasizes on fascinating aspects of galectin-3 expression in dermal infection by studying post–kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), an intracellular infection caused by Leishmania donovani . Indian PKDL is a well-recognized parasitic dermatosis, with a high risk of anthroponotic transmission of L. donovani in causing leishmaniasis. This study aims to investigate the levels of galectin-3 and galectin-3–binding site expression in circulation of different forms of Indian patients with PKDL. Thirty-seven confirmed untreated PKDL patients, comprising 20 polymorphic and 17 macular PKDL manifestations, were evaluated for the levels of sera galectin-3 with respect to 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from endemic areas. Result shows a significant increment ( P 〈 0.001) in circulatory galectin-3 levels in PKDL variants as compared to healthy controls. In addition, there were heightened levels of galectin-3 and galectin-3–binding sites on cellular infiltrates on lesional sites. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between frequencies of mononuclear cells and galectin-3 during microcirculation in lesions. Data were well corroborated with positive correlation of IL-10 and IFN-γ with sera galectin-3 levels. Moreover, flow cytometry demonstrated the enhanced expression levels of the galectin-3–binding site in circulation in patients with PKDL as compared to healthy controls. Taken together, elevated levels of galectin-3 reflect its involvement in PKDL pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0193-1091
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000001412
    RVK:
    XA 18760
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041296-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monitoring of Parasite Kinetics in Indian Post–Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol. 66, No. 3 ( 2018-01-18), p. 404-410
    Details
    In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 66, No. 3 ( 2018-01-18), p. 404-410
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1058-4838 , 1537-6591
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix808
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002229-3
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Clinical significance of differential serum-signatures for early prediction of severe dengue among Eastern Indian patients
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Clinical and Experimental Immunology Vol. 208, No. 1 ( 2022-05-13), p. 72-82
    Details
    In: Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 208, No. 1 ( 2022-05-13), p. 72-82
    Abstract: Dengue infection can result in simple dengue fever or life-threatening severe dengue. Early identification of severe patients is needed for proper disease management. Dengue infection was screened among 168 symptomatic patients by qRT-PCR, anti-dengue IgM, and IgG ELISA. Dengue patients were categorized according to WHO classification. Viral load and dengue serotypes were determined by qRT-PCR. Levels of acute-phase-proteins (SAP, SAA2; CRP and ApoA1), endothelial (Ang2, VEGF), coagulation (fibrinogen) markers were determined by sandwich ELISA/immunoturbidimetry/western-blotting. Hepatic (ALT, AST, ALP) and other blood biochemical parameters were studied by autoanalyzer and haematology cell counter. Statistical analysis and protein–protein-interaction network were performed by GraphPad-Prism and STRINGS database, respectively. Among 87 dengue patients, significantly higher levels of Ang2, VEGF, CRP, SAA2, ApoA1, AST, ALT, and AST/ALT ratio and low level of fibrinogen were detected in severe-dengue cases compared to dengue without warning-signs, with seven of them severely altered during febrile-phase. Higher fold-change of Ang2 and VEGF as well as decreased fibrinogen were observed among patients with haemorrhagic-manifestation, clinical-fluid accumulation and thrombocytopenia. Functional network analysis predicted Ang2, VEGF, and CRP to be functionally and physically connected and SAA2 and ApoA1 to be functioning together. Correlation analyses also validated this connectivity by a strong positive correlation between Ang2, VEGF, and CRP. PCA analysis followed by hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis segregated severe-dengue patients from the rest, with VEGF, Ang2, ApoA1, AST, and ALT clearly distinguishing the severe-dengue group. Thus, serum levels of VEGF, Ang2, ApoA1, AST, and ALT might act as potential biomarkers for predicting dengue severity during the early stage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9104 , 1365-2249
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac018
    RVK:
    XA 36770
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020024-9
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    A Defective Oxidative Burst and Impaired Antigen Presentation are Hallmarks of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Clinical Immunology Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2015-1), p. 56-67
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Immunology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2015-1), p. 56-67
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0271-9142 , 1573-2592
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0115-3
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016755-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increased Levels of Interleukin‐10 and IgG3 Are Hallmarks of Indian Post–Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2008
    In:  The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 197, No. 12 ( 2008-06-15), p. 1762-1771
    Details
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 197, No. 12 ( 2008-06-15), p. 1762-1771
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1086/590464
    DOI: 10.1086/588387
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0
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  • 9
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    Copy number variation of chikungunya ECSA virus with disease symptoms among Indian patients
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Medical Virology Vol. 86, No. 8 ( 2014-08), p. 1386-1392
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Virology, Wiley, Vol. 86, No. 8 ( 2014-08), p. 1386-1392
    Abstract: After a gap of three decades, from 2005 onwards, a series of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks occurred worldwide. This study was performed to detect CHIKV infection, its genotype among symptomatic Eastern Indian patients and to analyze any association between the presence of CHIKV genome in patient body with appearance of disease symptoms (n = 199). Plasma‐extracted viral RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA and PCR‐amplified followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Viral load among CHIKV‐positive patients was determined by real time RT‐PCR. CHIKV‐IgM in sera was detected by ELISA. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of plasma‐extracted PCR products was done. CHIKV genome and IgM were detected among 65.3% (n = 130) and 41.2% (n = 82) patients respectively. Joint swelling was significantly associated with CHIKV infection ( P ‐value: 0.0003). CHIKV PCR positive patients were grouped in two categories: Group‐I: viral load 〈 10 4  copies/ml and Group‐II: viral load ≥10 4  copies/ml. Higher number of acute stage patients clustered in Group‐II. Fever and joint swelling were significantly more prevalent among Group‐II patients, whereas rash and diarrhoea among Group‐I patients ( P ‐value 〈 0.05). Patient‐isolated CHIKV sequences clustered with CHIKV ECSA genotypes in the phylogenetic tree, with two types of CHIKV strains found to circulate among them—as indicated by their different nucleotide sequences. This is the first study detecting the presence of CHIKV ECSA genotype among Eastern Indian patients. Fever and joint swelling might have appeared first followed by rash, diarrhea during disease progression—as indicated by CHIK viral load in patients. Thus, viral load can be used as unique diagnostic and prognostic marker of Chikungunya disease pathogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 86:1386–1392, 2014 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0146-6615 , 1096-9071
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.v86.8
    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23794
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 752392-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475090-9
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  • 10
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    Comprehensive investigation of fever cases enrolled during 2019 dengue outbreaks from three hyperendemic regions of North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Medical Virology Vol. 94, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 540-548
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Virology, Wiley, Vol. 94, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 540-548
    Abstract: For the past several decades, dengue fever has been emerging in epidemic proportions in several regions of the world. During August–September 2019, an increasing number of fever cases were being reported from some areas of North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. Accordingly, outbreak investigation of fever cases from these affected areas of Bongoan, Barasat, and Habra was carried out. To characterize clinical and biochemical features of fever cases as well as to investigate the utility of CRP as a Dengue severity marker in resource‐limited settings. We systematically enrolled 108 patients from the affected region of North 24 Parganas. Standard diagnostic assays along with routine serological and biochemical parameters were performed. Of the 108 patients, 77 (71%) were confirmed with Dengue infection followed by 22 (20%) DENV seronegative and 9 (8%) coinfected DENV cases. Among the 77 confirmed Dengue patients, 53 (69%) had primary infection while 24 (31%) had secondary infection. Among the DENV clinical symptoms, fever ( r  = 0.50; p  = 0.004), headache ( r  = 0.40; p  = 0.03) and abdominal pain ( r  = −0.40; p  = 0.02) were found to bear significant correlation with DENV viral load. The predominant circulating serotype was found to be DENV2. CRP Dengue severity cut‐off level of 10.15 mg/L (AUC: 0.85; 86% sensitivity, 77% specificity) was obtained. CRP had correlation with viral load ( r  = 0.4, p  = 0.05) within febrile phase of infection. The performance of biomarkers can be influenced by local epidemiology, geography, and several patient factors, therefore, CRP Dengue severity cut‐off value may be region‐specific. This study for the first time attempts to estimate CRP Dengue severity cut‐off value based on routine immunoturbidometric evaluation from Dengue Hyperendemic zones of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, Eastern India.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0146-6615 , 1096-9071
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.v94.2
    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27430
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 752392-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475090-9
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