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  • Medicine  (114)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Epidermal Growth Factor and Insulin Use in Corneal Preservation
    Elsevier BV ; 1994
    In:  Ophthalmology Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 1994-02), p. 352-359
    Details
    In: Ophthalmology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 1994-02), p. 352-359
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0161-6420
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0161-6420(94)31329-7
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of skeletal muscle mass in men with spinal cord injury using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging
    American Physiological Society ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 96, No. 2 ( 2004-02), p. 561-565
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 96, No. 2 ( 2004-02), p. 561-565
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the proportion of skeletal muscle in the fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST) is the same in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) and able-bodied controls. Skeletal muscle mass and FFST of the midthigh were determined by using magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively, in men with long-term ( 〉 2 yr) complete SCI ( n = 8) and able-bodied controls of similar age, height, and weight ( n = 8). Muscle mass (1.36 ± 0.77 vs. 2.44 ± 0.47 kg) and FFST (1.70 ± 0.94 vs. 2.73 ± 0.80 kg) were lower in the SCI group than in the controls ( P 〈 0.05), but the lower ratio of muscle to FFST in the SCI group (0.80 ± 0.09 vs. 0.91 ± 0.10, P 〈 0.05) suggested that they had a lower proportion of muscle in the FFST than in controls. This notion was supported by analysis of covariance, in that the mean muscle adjusted to the mean FFST of the groups combined was lower in the SCI group. Despite the lower proportion of muscle in the FFST of the SCI group, the relation between muscle and FFST was strong in the SCI group ( r = 0.99) and controls ( r = 0.96). The findings suggest a disproportionate loss of muscle in the paralyzed thighs after SCI relative to other nonfat constituents, which may be accurately estimated in men with long-term SCI by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry if the lower proportion of muscle in the FFST (∼15%) is taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00207.2003
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of acute head-down tilt on skeletal muscle cross-sectional area and proton transverse relaxation time
    American Physiological Society ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 81, No. 4 ( 1996-10-01), p. 1572-1577
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 81, No. 4 ( 1996-10-01), p. 1572-1577
    Abstract: Conley, Michael S., Jeanne M. Foley, Lori L. Ploutz-Snyder, Ronald A. Meyer, and Gary A. Dudley. Effect of acute head-down tilt on skeletal muscle cross-sectional area and proton transverse relaxation time. J. Appl. Physiol.81(4): 1572–1577, 1996.—This study investigated changes in skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) evoked by fluid shifts that accompany short-term 6° head-down tilt (HDT) or horizontal bed rest, the time course of the resolution of these changes after resumption of upright posture, and the effect of altered muscle CSA, in the absence of increased contractile activity, on proton transverse relaxation time (T 2 ). Average muscle CSA and T 2 were determined by standard spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging. Analyses were performed on contiguous transaxial images of the neck and calf. After a day of normal activity, 24 h of HDT increased neck muscle CSA 19 ± 4 (SE)% ( P 〈 0.05) while calf muscle CSA decreased 14 ± 3% ( P 〈 0.05). The horizontal posture (12 h) induced about one-half of these responses: an 11 ± 2% ( P 〈 0.05) increase in neck muscle CSA and an 8 ± 2% decrease ( P 〈 0.05) in the calf. Within 2 h after resumption of upright posture, neck and calf muscle CSA returned to within 0.5% ( P 〉 0.05) of the values assessed after a day of normal activity, with most of the change occurring within the first 30 min. No further change in muscle CSA was observed through 6 h of upright posture. Despite these large alterations in muscle CSA, T 2 was not altered by more than 1.1 ± 0.6% ( P 〉 0.05) and did not relate to muscle size. These results suggest that postural manipulations and subsequent fluid shifts modeling microgravity elicit marked changes in muscle size. Because these responses were not associated with alterations in muscle T 2 , it does not appear that simple movement of water into muscle can explain the contrast shift observed after exercise.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.4.1572
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vastus lateralis fatigue alters recruitment of musculus quadriceps femoris in humans
    American Physiological Society ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 92, No. 2 ( 2002-02-01), p. 679-684
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 92, No. 2 ( 2002-02-01), p. 679-684
    Abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that fatigue of a single member of musculus quadriceps femoris (QF) would alter use of the other three muscles during knee extension exercise (KEE). Six men performed KEE with the left QF at a load equal to 50% of the 4 × 10 repetitions maximum. Subsequently, electromyostimulation (EMS), intended to stimulate and fatigue the left m. vastus lateralis (VL), was applied for 30 min. Immediately after EMS, subjects repeated the KEE. Transverse relaxation time (T2)-weighted magnetic resonance images were taken before and after each bout of KEE and at 3 and 30 min of EMS to assess use and stimulation, respectively, of the QF. T2 of each of the QF muscles was increased 8–13% after the first KEE. During EMS, T2 increased ( P 〈 0.05) even more in VL (10%), whereas it decreased ( P 〈 0.05) to pre-KEE levels in m. vastus medials (VM) and m. rectus femoris (RF). The VL and, to some extent, the m. vastus intermedius were stimulated, whereas the VM and RF were not, thereby recovering from the first bout of KEE. Isometric torque, initially 30% of maximal voluntary, was reduced to 13% at 3 min and 7% at 30 min. T2 was greater ( P 〈 0.05) after the second than the first bout of KEE, especially the increase for the VM and RF. These results suggest that subjects were able to perform the second bout with little contribution of the VL by greater use of the other QF muscles. The simplest explanation is increased central command to the QF such that the intended act could be accomplished despite acute fatigue of one of its synergists.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00267.2001
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Risk factors accelerating cerebral degenerative changes, cognitive decline and dementia
    Wiley ; 1999
    In:  International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 1999-12), p. 1050-1061
    Details
    In: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 1999-12), p. 1050-1061
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-6230 , 1099-1166
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199912)14:12〈〉1.0.CO;2-2
    DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1166
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199912)14:12〈1050::AID-GPS56〉3.0.CO;2-Z
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500455-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantitative analysis of the postcontractile blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) effect in skeletal muscle
    American Physiological Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 111, No. 1 ( 2011-07), p. 27-39
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 111, No. 1 ( 2011-07), p. 27-39
    Abstract: Previous studies show that transient increases in both blood flow and magnetic resonance image signal intensity (SI) occur in human muscle after brief, single contractions, and that the SI increases are threefold larger in physically active compared with sedentary subjects. This study examined the relationship between these transient changes by measuring anterior tibial artery flow (Doppler ultrasound), anterior muscle SI (3T, one-shot echo-planar images, TR/TE = 1,000/35), and muscle blood volume and hemoglobin saturation [near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)] in the same subjects after 1-s-duration maximum isometric ankle dorsiflexion contractions. Arterial flow increased to a peak 5.9 ± 0.7-fold above rest (SE, n = 11, range 2.6–10.2) within 7 s and muscle SI increased to a peak 2.7 ± 0.6% (range 0.0–6.0%) above rest within 12 s after the contractions. The peak postcontractile SI change was significantly correlated with both peak postcontractile flow ( r = 0.61, n = 11) and with subject activity level ( r = 0.63, n = 10) estimated from 7-day accelerometer recordings. In a subset of 7 subjects in which NIRS data acquisition was successful, the peak magnitude of the postcontractile SI change agreed well with SI calculated from the NIRS blood volume and saturation changes ( r = 0.80, slope = 1.02, intercept = 0.16), confirming the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) mechanism underlying the SI change. The magnitudes of postcontractile changes in blood saturation and SI were reproduced by a simple one-compartment muscle vascular model that incorporated the observed pattern of postcontractile flow, and which assumed muscle O 2 consumption peaks within 2 s after a brief contraction. The results show that muscle postcontractile BOLD SI changes depend critically on the balance between O 2 delivery and O 2 consumption, both of which can be altered by chronic physical activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01054.2009
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    VALIDATION OF A NOMOGRAM FOR PREDICTING DISEASE RECURRENCE FOLLOWING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 1999
    In:  The Journal of Urology
    Details
    In: The Journal of Urology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-5347
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199904020-00319
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does blood flow restriction enhance hypertrophic signaling in skeletal muscle?
    American Physiological Society ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 100, No. 5 ( 2006-05), p. 1443-1444
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 100, No. 5 ( 2006-05), p. 1443-1444
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01636.2005
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MR measurements of muscle damage and adaptation after eccentric exercise
    American Physiological Society ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 87, No. 6 ( 1999-12-01), p. 2311-2318
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 87, No. 6 ( 1999-12-01), p. 2311-2318
    Abstract: The purposes of this study were, first, to clarify the long-term pattern of T2 relaxation times and muscle volume changes in human skeletal muscle after intense eccentric exercise and, second, to determine whether the T2 response exhibits an adaptation to repeated bouts. Six young adult men performed two bouts of eccentric biceps curls (5 sets of 10 at 110% of the 1-repetition concentric maximum) separated by 8 wk. Blood samples, soreness ratings, and T2-weighted axial fast spin-echo magnetic resonance images of the upper arm were obtained immediately before and after each bout; at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 56 days after bout 1; and at 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after bout 2. Resting muscle T2 [27.6 ± 0.2 (SE) ms] increased immediately postexercise by 8 ± 1 ms after both bouts. T2 peaked 7 days after bout 1 at 47 ± 4 ms and remained elevated by 2.5 ms at 56 days. T2 peaked lower (37 ± 4 ms) and earlier (2–4 days) after bout 2, suggesting an adaptation of the T2 response. Peak serum creatine kinase values, pain ratings, and flexor muscle swelling were also significantly lower after the second bout ( P 〈 0.05). Total volume of the imaged arm region increased transiently after bout 1 but returned to preexercise values within 2 wk. The exercised flexor compartment swelled by over 40%, but after 2 wk it reverted to a volume 10% smaller than that before exercise and maintained this volume loss through 8 wk, consistent with partial or total destruction of a small subpopulation of muscle fibers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.2311
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Peripheral microvascular response to muscle contraction is unaltered by early diabetes but decreases with age
    American Physiological Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 111, No. 5 ( 2011-11), p. 1361-1371
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 111, No. 5 ( 2011-11), p. 1361-1371
    Abstract: Long-term or untreated diabetes leads to micro- and macrovascular complications. However, there are few tests to evaluate microvascular function. A postcontraction blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique was exploited to measure peripheral microvascular function in diabetics and healthy controls matched with respect to age, body mass index, and physical activity. Postcontraction BOLD microvascular response was measured following 1-s maximal isometric ankle dorsiflexion in individuals with diabetes mellitus type I [DMI, n = 15, age 33 ± 3 yr (means ± SE), median diabetes duration = 5.5 yr] and type II (DMII, n = 16, age 45 ± 2 yr, median duration = 2.4 yr); responses were compared with controls (CONI and CONII). Peripheral macrovascular function of the popliteal and tibial arteries was assessed during exercise hyperemia with phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography following repetitive exercise. There were no group differences as a result of diabetes in peripheral microvascular function (peak BOLD response: DMI = 2.04 ± 0.38% vs. CONI = 2.08 ± 0.48%; DMII = 0.93 ± 0.24% vs. CONII = 1.13 ± 0.24%; mean ± SE), but the BOLD response was significantly influenced by age (partial r = −0.384, P = 0.003), supporting its sensitivity as a measure of microvascular function. Eleven individuals had no microvascular BOLD response, including three diabetics with neuropathy and four controls with a family history of diabetes. There were no differences in peripheral macrovascular function between groups when assessing exercise hyperemia or the pulsitility and resistive indexes. Although the BOLD microvascular response was not impaired in early diabetes, these results encourage further investigation of muscle BOLD as it relates to peripheral microvascular health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00009.2011
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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