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  • Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures  (11)
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  • Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures  (11)
RVK
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variability in within-category implementation of stop consonant voicing in American English-speaking children
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2021
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 150, No. 5 ( 2021-11-01), p. 3711-3729
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 150, No. 5 ( 2021-11-01), p. 3711-3729
    Abstract: The development of stop consonant voicing in English-speaking children has been documented as a progressive mastery of phonological contrast, but implementation of voicing within one voicing category has not been systematically examined. This study provides a comprehensive account of structured variability in phonetic realization of /b/ in running speech by 8–12-year-old American children (n = 48) when compared to adults (n = 36). The stop always occurred word-initially, was followed by either a voiced or voiceless coda, and its position varied in a sentence, which created systematic conditions to examine acoustic variability in closure duration (CD) and voicing during the closure (VDC) stemming from phonetic context and prosodic prominence. Children demonstrated command of long-distance anticipatory coarticulation, providing evidence that information about coda voicing is distributed over an entire monosyllabic word and is available in the onset stop. They also manifested covariation of cues to stop voicing and command of prosodic variation, despite greater random variability, greater CD, reduced VDC, and exaggerated execution of sentential focus when compared to adults. Controlling for regional variation, dialect was a significant predictor for adults but not for children, who no longer adhered to the marked local variants in their implementation of stop voicing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0007229
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Syllable-wide distribution of acoustic cues to coda voicing
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A44-A44
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A44-A44
    Abstract: In English, the strongest acoustic cues to preserving the voicing contrast in coda stops are in the preceding vowel: a voiced coda is associated with a longer vowel and a voiceless coda with a shorter vowel. Our recent work (Jacewicz et al., 2021) examining structured variability in stop voicing implementation in female productions showed that the cues to stop coda voicing extended to the syllable initial stop. In running speech, the /b/-closure in “bad” was shorter when coda was voiced, and it was longer when coda was voiceless (“bat”). Here, we test the hypothesis that voicing contrast cueing the “bad-bat” distinction is reinforced syllable-wide and involves specific long-distance timing relationships between closures of both stops, the extent of their closure voicing, vowel duration, and positive VOT. The current dataset consists of 2610 productions by 45 adult males, who are also diversified by dialect. Preliminary analyses confirmed that segmental voicing information is distributed over long domains (here, a monosyllabic word) and that cues to coda voicing are available in the syllable onset. These findings imply that temporal relationships among acoustic phonetic detail cueing lexical distinctions can potentially enhance the perceptual dimensions of perceived syllable- or word-wide voicelessness and voicing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0010605
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender-specific covariation of voicing cues in stops: Girls are leading the sound change
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 153, No. 3_supplement ( 2023-03-01), p. A292-A292
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 153, No. 3_supplement ( 2023-03-01), p. A292-A292
    Abstract: Multiple cues to stop coda voicing in English can be distributed over larger domains, covarying at a long distance within a syllable (Hawkins and Nguyen, 2004). Our recent work uncovered systematic temporal relationships between voiced and voiceless consonants in the coda and the syllable-initial /b/, indicating that information about coda voicing—phonetic detail cueing the phonological voiced/voiceless contrast—is already available at the onset (Jacewicz et al., 2021). These systematic long-distance cues to coda voicing are further altered by regional dialect variation that defines the relative durations of /b/-closure and (un)broken voicing in this closure (extending from the preceding sonorant). However, systematic dialect effects were found in adult females and males (Arzbecker et al., 2022) but not in girls (Jacewicz et al., 2021). Here, we present the corresponding acoustic data from 8 to 12-years old boys (n = 47). The results show that boys have retained the pronunciation of men: They produced more voicing in the closure (83%) than girls (55%), and the closures of Southern boys were almost fully voiced, following the dialect-inherent pattern. Adding the missing link, the current study provides evidence that girls are leading the sound change and the covariation of voicing cues is gender specific.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0018891
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Brain-to-brain synchrony in assessing listening effort
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 148, No. 4_Supplement ( 2020-10-01), p. 2507-2507
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 148, No. 4_Supplement ( 2020-10-01), p. 2507-2507
    Abstract: Evidence from the neuroscience of verbal communication shows that when two people share information (one speaks and the other listens) their brain activities work in synchrony (Silbert et al., 2014). This brain-to-brain synchrony (B-Bsync) is lost when the listener fails to understand the speaker's message. We test the hypothesis that B-Bsync predicts the level of effort involved in auditory processing: strong neural brain-to-brain coupling reflects relatively effortless processing; conversely, the weaker the coupling, the greater the effort, and the worse the processing and comprehension. We propose that B-Bsync affords a more sensitive assessment of listening effort than currently available on the basis of behavioral measures. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and fNIRS-based hyperscanning approach, we analyze patterns of neural activity separately in the speaker and in the listener, and assess statistically the correspondence in their brain activation (the degree of synchronized activation of cortical sites and temporal symmetry). We examine the effects of degraded source (i.e., accented American English in speakers telling several short stories) on B-Bsync, predicting the strongest coupling and the shortest time delay when the accent of the listener matches that of the speaker, followed by regional dialect mismatch and foreign-accent mismatch, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5146965
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Auditory and categorical effects on cross-language vowel perception
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1994
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 95, No. 6 ( 1994-06-01), p. 3623-3641
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 95, No. 6 ( 1994-06-01), p. 3623-3641
    Abstract: English monolinguals and native Spanish speakers of English rated the dissimilarity of tokens of two Spanish vowel categories, two English vowel categories, or one Spanish and one English vowel category. The dissimilarity ratings of experienced and inexperienced Spanish subjects did not differ significantly. For both the native Spanish and English subjects, perceived dissimilarity increased as the distance between vowels in an F1−F2 acoustic space increased. This supported the existence of a universal, sensory-based component in cross-language vowel perception. The native English and Spanish subjects’ ratings were comparable for pairs made up of vowels that were distant in an F1−F2 space, but not for pairs made up of vowels from categories that were adjacent in an F1−F2 space. The inference that the differential classification of a pair of vowels augments perceived dissimilarity was supported by the results of experiment 2, where subjects rated pairs of vowels and participated in an oddity discrimination task. Triads in the oddity task were made up of tokens of vowel categories that were either adjacent (e.g., /a/–/æ/–/a/) or nonadjacent (e.g., /a/–/i/–/i/) in an F1−F2 space. The native English subjects’ discrimination was better than the native Spanish subjects’ for adjacent but not nonadjacent triads. The better the Spanish subjects performed on adjacent triads—and thus the more likely they were to have differentially classified the two phonetically distinct vowels in the triad—the more dissimilar they had earlier judged realizations of those two categories to be when presented in pairs. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for second language acquisition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.409931
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The perception of English and Spanish vowels by native English and Spanish listeners: A multidimensional scaling analysis
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1995
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 97, No. 4 ( 1995-04-01), p. 2540-2551
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 97, No. 4 ( 1995-04-01), p. 2540-2551
    Abstract: A group of Spanish- and English-speaking listeners participated in a multidimensional scaling (MDS) study examining perceptual responses to three Spanish and seven English vowels. The vowel stimuli represented tokens of Spanish /i/, /e/, and /a/ and English /i/, /i/, /ei/, /ε/, /æ/, /inverted vee/, and /ɑ/. Each vowel had been spoken by three monolingual talkers of Spanish or English and all possible vowel pairs (405 pairs) were presented to listeners (excluding pairs representing the same vowel category). Thirty monolingual English listeners and thirty native Spanish listeners who had learned English as a second language rated these vowel pairs on a nine-point dissimilarity scale. These perceptual distances were then analyzed using the individual-differences version of ALSCAL. Results demonstrated that the English monolinguals used three underlying dimensions in rating vowels while the Spanish–English bilinguals used just two. The most salient perceptual dimension for both groups distinguished vowel height. However, for the English listeners, this dimension was most significantly correlated with duration and indicated a language-dependent sensitivity to this phonetic feature. The second dimension for the English listeners represented a front–back distinction, while the third reflected a central/noncentral distinction. For the Spanish listeners, the second dimension was less easily interpreted. However, the perceptual data for the Spanish listeners was more interpretable in terms of the distribution of the vowels in the two-dimensional perceptual plane. The vowels were distributed in terms of three separate vowel clusters, each cluster near the location of a Spanish vowel. Separate MDS analyses were carried out for subgroups of Spanish listeners who were relatively proficient or nonproficient in English. The vowel space of the proficient Spanish listeners was more Englishlike than that of the nonproficient Spanish listeners, suggesting that the perceptual dimensions used by listeners in identifying vowels may be gradually modified as proficiency in the second language improves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.411974
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1995
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hesitations in story retelling as a measure of listening effort
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 153, No. 3_supplement ( 2023-03-01), p. A81-A81
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 153, No. 3_supplement ( 2023-03-01), p. A81-A81
    Abstract: Hesitation phenomena in natural speech (e.g., pauses, word repetitions, or phrase repairs) vary as a function of speaker characteristics, with non-native speakers typically hesitating more than native speakers (Gilquin, 2008). Here, we examine whether hesitations can also reflect listeners’ mental effort required to comprehend native and non-native speech. We asked native English listeners to retell stories told by either a native or a non-native speaker and analyzed their hesitations using a 6-category taxonomy: filler vocalizations, filler words, filler nonspeech, self-monitoring, uptalk, and point of view switching. These story-retell behavioral data were obtained after recording their brain responses during listening to the stories using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and speaker-listener interbrain synchrony technique (hyperscanning). We found a higher hesitation rate for retelling of stories produced by a non-native (11.2%) than a native speaker (7.6%), with significant increase in hesitation frequency for the former. The hesitations corroborated brain responses: Listeners had greater difficulty processing discourse in non-native English and the recruitment of additional executive resources delayed comprehension and memory processes. The analysis of hesitations is a promising approach in measuring speaker-listener communicative effort because hesitations increase as uncertainty of interpretation increases, suggesting greater demands on working memory during lexical and semantic operations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0018240
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Developmental and regional influences on the production of stop closure voicing in late childhood
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 148, No. 4_Supplement ( 2020-10-01), p. 2502-2502
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 148, No. 4_Supplement ( 2020-10-01), p. 2502-2502
    Abstract: Previous research in sociophonetics examining consonantal variation in American English has uncovered systematic regional differences in the production of voiced stop closures in intersonorant positions, suggesting that social factors can be the source of variation in the phonetic realization of voiced stops. The current study focuses on school-age children to establish both the developmental stability of voiced stops in late childhood and the impact of regional variation on the amount of voicing in stop closures. Based on the literature showing that the mastery of lexical stress contrastivity continues into adolescence, we hypothesized that systematic variation in the amount of stop closure voicing is commensurate with the development of stress control; this relationship is further mediated by regional variation documented in the speech of adults. Sentence productions from 48 girls in the age range 8–13 years representing three regional varieties spoken in Central Ohio, Western North Carolina, and Southeastern Wisconsin were analyzed in a set of temporal variables. Preliminary analyses show moderate correlations between child's age and the variables of interest. Over the course of the development, the relationship between stress contrastivity and the corresponding extent of stop closure voicing is also influenced by regional variation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5146946
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perception of gender in children's voices
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A261-A261
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A261-A261
    Abstract: Research shows that gender in the voices of prepubescent children can be identified relatively well, despite the absence of reliable anatomical differences related to their vocal tract morphology. This implies that information about differences in girls’ and boys’ voices also resides in behavioral and cultural aspects of speech and not exclusively in the acoustic cues corresponding to anatomical differences. The observed improved gender identification (gID) for sentences over syllables suggests that longer stretches of speech provide listeners with a richer acoustic basis for their decisions. Here, we introduce two additional factors that may affect gID: speaking style and children’s dialect. Children (n = 92) ages 8;0–12;4 years, boys (n = 45) and girls (n = 47) from Ohio, Wisconsin, and North Carolina produced isolated syllables, read sentences, and spontaneous utterances. Listeners were young adults from Ohio. Expectedly, gID accuracy for sentences/utterances was greater (66%) than for syllables (55%), and for older than younger children. Dialect was a significant predictor for younger (but not older) children, with the highest gID for Ohio. Overall, spontaneous utterances did not provide more gender information than read sentences except for older children from North Carolina, suggesting that cultural traits in conversational dynamics can also be useful to listeners in gID.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0011267
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustic prediction in shallow water from sparse data
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1994
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 95, No. 5_Supplement ( 1994-05-01), p. 2926-2926
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 95, No. 5_Supplement ( 1994-05-01), p. 2926-2926
    Abstract: Consider the problem of estimating acoustic propagation over extended ranges in shallow water. Such predictions would be useful in deploying assets, locating sources, or oceanographic monitoring. Given adequate environmental information, standard numerical techniques could be applied. For a highly variable site, however, the medium would rarely be known with sufficient resolution to make accurate calculations. Direct acoustic measurements suffer from a similar lack of resolution; isolated point-to-point measurements cannot fully characterize acoustic propagation over a large region. In this talk, a hybrid numerical/experimental technique is examined. In the proposed approach, sparse environmental measurements are supplemented by making a limited number of acoustic measurements. By appropriately combining the two data sets and extrapolating, acoustic propagation over an extended region can be accurately predicted. The method is tested using archival sound speed and bathymetric data for a strongly range-dependent site. The relative effects on the propagating acoustic wave front of variations in bathymetry, imperfect knowledge of the sediment, and variability in the water column are quantified. [Work supported by ONR and NRL.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.409224
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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