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  • Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures  (15)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The effect of the inter-target delay on informational and energetic masking of speech in younger and older adults
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2007
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 121, No. 5_Supplement ( 2007-05-01), p. 3197-3197
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 121, No. 5_Supplement ( 2007-05-01), p. 3197-3197
    Abstract: In a reverberant environment where several people talk simultaneously, perceptual grouping of the direct wave emanating from a talker with its reflections is essential for both distinguishing different talkers and identifying attended speech. Older-adult listeners often feel it difficult to understand attended speech in reverberant environments. In this study, the effect of changing the time interval between target speech and its simulated reflection on recognition of target speech was investigated in both younger and older adults with normal or near normal hearing. When the masker was competing speech, the intelligibility of target speech was markedly improved in younger participants as the inter-target delay was reduced from 64 to 0 ms, particularly when the signal-to-masker ratio was sufficiently low (−6 or −8 dB). In older participants, the release induced by decreasing the inter-target delay was marked but smaller than that in younger participants especially at long inter-target delays (16 or 32 ms). Moreover, reduced release of target speech occurred if speech masker was replaced by noise masker. The results suggest that there is an age-related decline of the ability to perceptually integrate target speech with its reflections. This ability is particularly important for releasing speech from informational masking in reverberant environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4782444
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    The ability of temporally integrating acoustic waveforms is associated with release of speech from informational masking under reverberant conditions
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2008
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 123, No. 5_Supplement ( 2008-05-01), p. 3301-3301
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 123, No. 5_Supplement ( 2008-05-01), p. 3301-3301
    Abstract: Perceptual integration of the sound wave directly emanating from the source with reflections of the source needs both bridging temporal gaps and calculating correlations between sound waves. In this study, we examined whether the temporal integration of source/reflection signals is frequency dependent and associated with speech unmasking under simulated reverberant conditions. In Experiment 1, a break in correlation (BIC) between correlated wideband or narrowband noises at the two ears was detectable even when an interaural interval (IAI) was introduced. The longest IAI varied markedly across listeners. In wideband noise, it could be up to 21 ms; in narrowband noise, it decreased as the center frequency was increased. In Experiment 2, when the interval between target speech and its single-reflection simulation (inter-target interval, ITI) was reduced from 64 to 0 ms, intelligibility of target speech was markedly improved under the speech-masking condition but not the noise-masking condition. The longest effective ITI under the speech-masking condition significantly correlated with the longest IAI for detecting the BIC in low-frequency ( & lt; or = 400 Hz) narrowband noises. Thus the frequency-dependent temporal integration of sound-waveform signals is critical for releasing speech from informational masking in reverberant environments. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.2933718
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Simulation of wave propagation in anisotropic and viscoelastic tissues
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2015
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 138, No. 3_Supplement ( 2015-09-01), p. 1906-1906
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 138, No. 3_Supplement ( 2015-09-01), p. 1906-1906
    Abstract: Many methods for characterization of the mechanical properties of soft tissues using propagating shear waves have been developed over the past two decades. Most of these methods assume that the shear wave is traveling in an elastic, isotropic tissue. However, many soft tissues are viscoelastic and have material properties that are directionally dependent or anisotropic. We have been developing methods to measure waves propagating in soft tissues to estimate the anisotropic viscoelastic material properties. To refine our measurement methods, we have also developed techniques and models for simulating the wave propagation in these types of materials. We have developed specialized finite element and pseudo-spectral models that can simulate viscoelastic transversely isotropic materials and compared our results with measurements in ex vivo porcine muscle. Additionally, we have developed a finite element model that simulates wave propagation in the myocardium by creating a model of layered transverse isotropic media oriented at different angles. We examined the effect of frequency of the waves for estimating of the angle of propagation. We compared these simulation results with experimental results from an ex vivo porcine left ventricular wall. These simulation methods provide insight for optimizing our measurement methods for in vivo characterization of material properties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4933994
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Characterization of material properties of soft solid thin layers with acoustic radiation force and wave propagation
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2015
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 138, No. 4 ( 2015-10-01), p. 2499-2507
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 138, No. 4 ( 2015-10-01), p. 2499-2507
    Abstract: Evaluation of tissue engineering constructs is performed by a series of different tests. In many cases it is important to match the mechanical properties of these constructs to those of native tissues. However, many mechanical testing methods are destructive in nature which increases cost for evaluation because of the need for additional samples reserved for these assessments. A wave propagation method is proposed for characterizing the shear elasticity of thin layers bounded by a rigid substrate and fluid-loading, similar to the configuration for many tissue engineering applications. An analytic wave propagation model was derived for this configuration and compared against finite element model simulations and numerical solutions from the software package Disperse. The results from the different models found very good agreement. Experiments were performed in tissue-mimicking gelatin phantoms with thicknesses of 1 and 4 mm and found that the wave propagation method could resolve the shear modulus with very good accuracy, no more than 4.10% error. This method could be used in tissue engineering applications to monitor tissue engineering construct maturation with a nondestructive wave propagation method to evaluate the shear modulus of a material.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4932170
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Both prime length and prime position affect the spatial release of nonsense speech from informational masking
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2008
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 123, No. 5_Supplement ( 2008-05-01), p. 3295-3295
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 123, No. 5_Supplement ( 2008-05-01), p. 3295-3295
    Abstract: When masking speech is present, pre-presentation of early part of nonsense target speech improves recognition of the rest of target speech, indicating a content and/or voice priming effect (Freyman et al., 2004; Yang et al., 2007). Here, we examined both the prime-length effect and the prime-position effect on recognition of nonsense target speech with twelve syllables and three keywords. Target speech started 1 sec. after the onset of two-talker masking speech. The results show that a longer prime with 10 syllables (including the 1st and 2nd keywords) significantly improved recognition of the last (3rd) keyword in target speech. However, when the 1st four syllables (including the 1st keyword) were pre-presented, recognition of either the 2nd or 3rd keyword was not improved. Interestingly, when the 2nd four syllables (including the 2nd keyword) were pre-presented, recognition of the 1st but not the 3rd keyword was significantly improved. Thus under speech-on-speech masking conditions, both the prime length and the prime position in the sentence influence the priming effect on recognition of target speech, and listeners contribute more attentional resource to the initial part of target speech. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.2933695
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Model-free quantification of shear wave velocity and attenuation in tissues and its in vivo application
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2013
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 134, No. 5_Supplement ( 2013-11-01), p. 4011-4011
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 134, No. 5_Supplement ( 2013-11-01), p. 4011-4011
    Abstract: We validate a technique for model-free measurement of shear wave velocity and attenuation. A mechanical shaker was used to excite harmonic plane and cylindrical waves in phantoms and excised tissue. Radiation force was used to excite impulsive cylindrical waves. 2D FFT of the displacement yielded the k-space whose coordinates are frequency and the wave number. The shear wave velocity at each frequency was obtained by finding the maximum at the given frequency in k-space and dividing the frequency coordinate by the wave number coordinate. The attenuation (α) at a given frequency was calculated using α = FWHM × π/√3, where FWHM is the full width at half maximum of the k-space peak along the given frequency. This method was applied to measure shear wave velocity and attenuation of transplanted kidneys and livers, and in the thyroid tumor, and compare it to the healthy tissues. The velocities and attenuations at each frequency for various excitation methods agree within one standard deviation. The k-space estimates of velocity and attenuation agreed with those obtained using the phase gradient (velocity) and amplitude decay (attenuation). The transplanted organs and the thyroid tumor had higher velocity and lower attenuation than healthy tissues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4830632
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frequency importance function of Mandarin Chinese speech
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2008
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 123, No. 5_Supplement ( 2008-05-01), p. 3323-3323
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 123, No. 5_Supplement ( 2008-05-01), p. 3323-3323
    Abstract: The speech intelligibility index (SII) theory objectively assesses speech intelligibility, and the frequency-importance function (FIF), which reflects the relative importance of various frequency bands to speech intelligibility for various languages, occupies the central part of the theory. However, the FIF has not been examined for tonal Chinese Mandarin speech. In this study, considering the characteristics of Mandarin speech, 50 phonemically-balanced one-syllable words were selected as the speech stimuli from the speech corpus "A Method for Calculating Articulation Index (GB/T 15508-1995)", which meets the National Standards of China, and the 1/3 octave FIF was measured and computed with the Fletcher's method. The results show that spectrum regions with frequencies 2000-4000 Hz are more important in Chinese speech than those in English speech. The results predicted by SII model with the new FIF fit the result of human psychophysical studies well, which indicate that the new FIF model is effective and appropriate for assessing the intelligibility of Mandarin speech even when a steady-state noise masker is co-presented. [Supported by the NSFC 60435010; 60535030; 60605016; 30670704]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.2933807
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The fading of auditory memory
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2005
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 117, No. 4_Supplement ( 2005-04-01), p. 2599-2600
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 117, No. 4_Supplement ( 2005-04-01), p. 2599-2600
    Abstract: Due to auditory memory, the auditory system is capable of maintaining a detailed representation of arbitrary waveforms for a period of time, so that a broadband noise and its delayed copies can be perceptually fused. This auditory memory would be critical for perceptually grouping correlated sounds and segregating uncorrelated sounds in noisy, reverberant environments. Its fading process over time was investigated in the present study at the behavioral level, using a break in correlation (BIC, a drop of inter-sound correlation from 1.00 to 0 and then return to 1.00) between two correlated broadband noises. The results show that with the rise of inter-sound delay from 2 to 10 ms under either headphone-stimulation or loudspeaker-stimulation conditions, the shortest BIC duration necessary for listeners to correctly detect the occurrence of the BIC increased rapidly. This elevation in the duration threshold was faster under the headphone-stimulation condition than the loudspeaker-stimulation condition. Also, the listeners reaction time in response to the BIC but not that to a comparable silent gap elongated quickly with the increase in the inter-sound delay from 1 to 8 ms. Thus the auditory memory of fine structures fades rapidly after the sound waves are received. [Work supported by MSTC and NSERCC.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4777579
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Reflection phase dispersion editing generates wideband invisible acoustic Huygens's metasurface
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 146, No. 1 ( 2019-07-01), p. 166-171
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 146, No. 1 ( 2019-07-01), p. 166-171
    Abstract: Acoustic metasurfaces show non-traditional abilities in wave manipulation and provide alternate mechanisms for information communication and invisibility technology. However, most of the mechanisms remain narrow band (relative bandwidth ∼5%), and a wideband trait is essential for engineering applications. For example, controllable effective material properties—reflection or transmission phase—has barely been realized in wideband because the intrinsic dispersion relation is not always editable. In this paper, wideband reflection phase editing is realized, and wideband invisibility of a phase preserved Huygens's metasurface on a flat background is achieved with anomalous reflection. This metasurface is built with proposed unsymmetrical twin Helmholtz resonators which reach a predefined dispersion relation target value. The total instantaneous acoustic fields show nearly identical carpeting effects in a consecutive band with relative bandwidth 52.1% (from 5400 to 9200 Hz) in simulation and experiment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5116012
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Excitation of moderate-frequency Love wave in a Plexiglas plate on aluminum semi-space
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 146, No. 6 ( 2019-12-01), p. EL482-EL488
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 146, No. 6 ( 2019-12-01), p. EL482-EL488
    Abstract: Love waves are of great importance in geophysics, electronics, and engineering. Despite intensive studies on high-frequency Love waves for delay lines and chemical/biomedical sensors, moderate-frequency and low-frequency Love waves have seldom been investigated. Here, Love waves in a 2-mm-thick Plexiglas plate bonded on a 50-mm-thick aluminum block were successfully excited and received by using d24 and d15 shear mode PZT wafers. A d31 mode PZT wafer was also employed as the sensor, and results show that no Rayleigh-Lamb type waves were generated. The group velocity curve of the excited Love wave from 120 to 525 kHz matches the theoretical curve well. This work could promote applications of Love waves in many engineering fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5139192
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2019
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