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  • Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures  (13)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mixing Grammar Exercises Facilitates Long‐Term Retention: Effects of Blocking, Interleaving, and Increasing Practice
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  The Modern Language Journal Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2019-09), p. 629-647
    Details
    In: The Modern Language Journal, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2019-09), p. 629-647
    Abstract: Cognitive psychology research has shown that interleaving, wherein learners practice multiple skills or concepts at once, facilitates learning more than does blocking, wherein learners practice only one skill or concept at a time. Despite the advantage of interleaving over blocking observed across a number of domains, limited attention has been devoted to the effects of interleaving on second language (L2) learning. This study examined the effects of blocking and interleaving on L2 grammar learning. In this study, 115 Japanese learners studied 5 English grammatical structures under 1 of 3 conditions: blocking, interleaving, and increasing (i.e., blocking followed by interleaving). Learning was measured using a grammaticality judgment test administered immediately and 1 week after the treatment. Although interleaving led to the highest number of incorrect responses during training, it was more effective than blocking in the 1‐week delayed posttest. These results indicate that the advantage of interleaving extends to L2 grammar learning. Furthermore, learners’ levels of prior knowledge were found to moderate the effects of interleaving. Specifically, participants with lower pretest scores benefited more from interleaving compared to those with higher pretest scores. Pedagogically, the findings suggest that grammar learning may be enhanced by incorporating interleaved practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0026-7902 , 1540-4781
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/modl.v103.3
    DOI: 10.1111/modl.12581
    RVK:
    EA 1000
    RVK:
    EQ 1000 � EA 4100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016414-2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Akira Watanabe, Case Absorption and WH-Agreement (Studies in Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, Volume 37). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996. Pp. xi+271.
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Linguistics Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 1998-03), p. 227-297
    Details
    In: Journal of Linguistics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 1998-03), p. 227-297
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2267 , 1469-7742
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022226797316892
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3073-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466491-4
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimizing Second Language Practice in the Classroom: Perspectives from Cognitive Psychology
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  The Modern Language Journal Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2019-09), p. 551-561
    Details
    In: The Modern Language Journal, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2019-09), p. 551-561
    Abstract: This introduction to the special issue provides an overview of the role of practice in a second language (L2) from both pedagogical and theoretical perspectives. The following 5 areas of research are identified for studying L2 practice from cognitive psychology perspectives: (a) the type of practice (retrieval practice, corrective feedback, modality), (b) distribution of practice, (c) schedule of practice (blocking and interleaving effects), (d) individual difference factors (aptitude–treatment interaction), and (e) effects of practice on learning trajectories and outcomes. This special issue sets a research agenda toward better understanding the learning processes and resulting knowledge through practice. That research can inform teachers about how they can optimize L2 teaching and learning for a variety of learners across different classroom contexts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0026-7902 , 1540-4781
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/modl.v103.3
    DOI: 10.1111/modl.12582
    RVK:
    EA 1000
    RVK:
    EQ 1000 � EA 4100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016414-2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Desirable Difficulty Framework as a Theoretical Foundation for Optimizing and Researching Second Language Practice
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  The Modern Language Journal Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2019-09), p. 713-720
    Details
    In: The Modern Language Journal, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2019-09), p. 713-720
    Abstract: This coda article offers unified theoretical accounts of the major findings of the empirical studies in this special issue of Optimizing Second Language Practice in the Classroom: Perspectives from Cognitive Psychology . We present a theoretical framework from cognitive psychology (desirable difficulty framework) and link it to the ideas of second language (L2) difficulty. We argue that practice condition, linguistic difficulty, and individual differences need to be taken into account for creating optimal, deliberate, and systematic L2 practice. The desirable difficulty framework may serve as a theoretical foundation to better understand the role of practice on L2 acquisition, as well as to gain insights into effective L2 teaching. Future directions for research are presented to further develop this emerging field of L2 practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0026-7902 , 1540-4781
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/modl.v103.3
    DOI: 10.1111/modl.12585
    RVK:
    EA 1000
    RVK:
    EQ 1000 � EA 4100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016414-2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Empirical Feasibility of the Desirable Difficulty Framework: Toward More Systematic Research on L2 Practice for Broader Pedagogical Implications
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  The Modern Language Journal Vol. 104, No. 1 ( 2020-03), p. 313-319
    Details
    In: The Modern Language Journal, Wiley, Vol. 104, No. 1 ( 2020-03), p. 313-319
    Abstract: In the coda chapter of the special issue on second language (L2) practice and cognitive psychology, we proposed a theoretical framework for optimizing and researching L2 practice (Suzuki, Nakata, & DeKeyser, 2019). Rogers and Leow's commentary (2020) raised three potential issues regarding this framework, and the present response article aims at addressing them. First, we introduce two recent studies to illustrate the importance of expounding on learning processes during L2 practice. Second, we argue that our framework can guide researchers to systematically investigate multiple key factors toward a more comprehensive picture of L2 learning. Last, we expect that L2 practice research can potentially lead to broader pedagogical implications beyond classroom teaching (material development and technology‐mediated learning).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0026-7902 , 1540-4781
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/modl.v104.1
    DOI: 10.1111/modl.12625
    RVK:
    EA 1000
    RVK:
    EQ 1000 � EA 4100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016414-2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sound processing circuit
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2002
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 112, No. 5 ( 2002), p. 1739-
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 112, No. 5 ( 2002), p. 1739-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.1526564
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perception of lateral misarticulation and its physical correlates
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1996
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 100, No. 4_Supplement ( 1996-10-01), p. 2694-2694
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 100, No. 4_Supplement ( 1996-10-01), p. 2694-2694
    Abstract: To discuss the relationship between perceptual diagnosis of lateral misarticulation (LM) by sophisticated listeners and its physical correlates, two experiments using continuous speech /■/ were performed. Experiment 1 was a comparison of the spectral envelopes of normal speech /■/ with those of LM. Experiment 2 was the detection of similarities based on auditory impressions of sophisticated listeners between LM and normal speech /■/ with specific spectral envelope bands replaced. The stimuli for experiment 2 were resynthesized from modified spectral envelopes by using the LMA synthesizer. These experiments showed the following. (1) Spectral envelopes of the LM are flat in the frequency band above approximately 4 kHz, whereas normal speech presents a plateau. Moreover, there is a substantial peak around 3.2 kHz in the LM, which varies with time almost periodically, a variation not present in normal speech. (2) The replacement of the spectral envelope between 2.5 and 4.5 kHz of normal continuous speech with that of LM resulted in a remarkable increase in similarity to LM based on auditory impressions. These facts suggest, that the spectral envelope characteristic of the LM is a near-periodical variation around 3.2 kHz.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.417056
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    EFFECTS OF MASSING AND SPACING ON THE LEARNING OF SEMANTICALLY RELATED AND UNRELATED WORDS
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Studies in Second Language Acquisition Vol. 41, No. 2 ( 2019-05), p. 287-311
    Details
    In: Studies in Second Language Acquisition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 41, No. 2 ( 2019-05), p. 287-311
    Abstract: Although researchers argue that studying semantically related words simultaneously (semantic clustering) inhibits vocabulary acquisition, recent studies have yielded inconsistent results. This study examined the effects of semantic clustering while addressing the limitations of previous studies (e.g., confounding of semantic relatedness with other lexical variables). Furthermore, the study investigated the effects of spacing because spacing might facilitate the learning of semantically related items by alleviating interference. In this study, 133 Japanese university students studied 48 English-Japanese word pairs under two conditions: massed and spaced. Half the words were semantically related to each other while the other half were not. Although there were no significant differences between semantically related and unrelated items in posttest scores, semantically related items led to more interference errors than unrelated items. Furthermore, contrary to the authors’ hypothesis that spacing is particularly beneficial for semantically related items, spacing benefited unrelated items more than it did related items.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0272-2631 , 1470-1545
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0272263118000219
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    RVK:
    HC 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 435303-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002746-1
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 5,3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FEM analyses of three-dimensional vocal tract models after tongue and mouth floor resection
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2001
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 110, No. 5_Supplement ( 2001-11-01), p. 2761-2761
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 110, No. 5_Supplement ( 2001-11-01), p. 2761-2761
    Abstract: The accuracy of vocal tract transfer functions estimated by Finite Element Method (FEM) analyses was evaluated to find relationships between structural characteristics of vocal tracts and their acoustical characteristics. Three-dimensional vocal tract models were constructed from MR Images of four speakers (two normal persons and two patients after tongue and mouth floor resection), uttering the Japanese vowel /i/. Vocal tract transfer functions of the models were estimated by FEM and one-dimensional models, and peak positions of these functions were compared with formant frequencies of these speaker’s speech waves. The patient speech waves had a peculiar formant at around 1500 Hz. The peak positions of the patients estimated by FEM were similar to the formant frequencies of the patients, especially the formant at 1500 Hz. However, the transfer functions by the one-dimensional models had no peak at around 1500 Hz and the number of peaks was fewer than that by FEM. Since the patient vocal tract shapes were not symmetrical and bent right and left, sound pressure distributions estimated by FEM showed that the waves in the patient vocal tracts cannot be assumed as plane waves. Then, the one-dimensional models cannot describe acoustical characteristics of the patient vocal tracts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4777642
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MRI motion imaging of articulatory movement-coarticulation effects in velar consonants
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2001
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 110, No. 5_Supplement ( 2001-11-01), p. 2656-2657
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 110, No. 5_Supplement ( 2001-11-01), p. 2656-2657
    Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been used in speech research for measuring the vocal tract. Recently, MRI motion imaging has been developed and applied to the study of speech production. In this study, the coarticulatory effects of Japanese velar stop consonants were measured using a synchronized sampling method. The MRI technique employed is a synchronized sampling technique which is a modification of one originally developed for cardiac motion imaging. Speech samples consisted of /aka/ and /aki/, including the Japanese velar stop consonant /k/ and vowel /i/, in normal subjects. Results depicted motion of the speech organs in the midsagittal plane. When velar consonants were followed by a back vowel /a/, the back of the tongue contacted the posterior part of the soft palate, and when followed by front vowel /i/, tongue contact was more toward the anterior of the soft palate. Thus the tongue contact position for Japanese velar stop consonants was found to be strongly influenced by the following vowel.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4777044
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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