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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1999
    In:  The China Quarterly Vol. 158 ( 1999-06), p. 350-366
    In: The China Quarterly, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 158 ( 1999-06), p. 350-366
    Abstract: How does democratization affect environmental politics and policy? While some scholars have cited empirical evidence showing that democratic countries tend to have better environmental records than their authoritarian counterparts, others have debated the compatibility between democracy and sustainable environmental management. One may, for example, note that many environmental problems involve large numbers of individuals who suffer from spill-over effects of actions by small numbers of individuals or firms. Many serious water and air pollution problems, for instance, are caused by a few industrial plants, yet their effects are suffered by many people. Although popularly elected officials may have an incentive to develop policies to protect the environmental welfare of the many, these officials may also be influenced by a few polluters who are better organized and more resourceful in pressing their case in the policy process. Following this logic, one cannot definitely predict, at least in the short term, that democratization will help improve the environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-7410 , 1468-2648
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008795-0
    SSG: 3,6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Global and Planetary Change Vol. 175 ( 2019-04), p. 173-189
    In: Global and Planetary Change, Elsevier BV, Vol. 175 ( 2019-04), p. 173-189
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0921-8181
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 20361-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016967-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Theoretical and Applied Climatology Vol. 137, No. 1-2 ( 2019-7), p. 1217-1231
    In: Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 137, No. 1-2 ( 2019-7), p. 1217-1231
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0177-798X , 1434-4483
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463177-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 405799-5
    SSG: 14
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Climatic Change Vol. 169, No. 3-4 ( 2021-12)
    In: Climatic Change, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 169, No. 3-4 ( 2021-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0165-0009 , 1573-1480
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 751086-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477652-2
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 36, No. 13 ( 2016-11-15), p. 4384-4392
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 13 ( 2016-11-15), p. 4384-4392
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 42, No. 11 ( 2022-09), p. 5949-5963
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 42, No. 11 ( 2022-09), p. 5949-5963
    Abstract: The amount of winter precipitation over southeast China (SCWP) is significantly affected by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with generally an enhanced SCWP response to El Niño events. In this paper, we find that this relationship shows remarkable nonstationarities on the multidecadal timescale. Running ENSO–SCWP correlation maintains statistically significant before the mid‐1960s and after the mid‐1990s but not during the interim period, which exhibits an approximate synchronized temporal evolution with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). A statistical method for interpreting nonstationary relationships is then applied to quantitatively verify and measure this possible AMO modulation. It is demonstrated that the nonstationary ENSO–SCWP correlation can be expressed to a large extent by the influence of the AMO–ENSO nonlinear effect (AMO*Niño3.4) on the SCWP. This influence intensifies the ENSO–SCWP relationship during the positive AMO phase but weakens it during the negative AMO phase. Therefore, the nonstationarity in the ENSO–SCWP relationship comes predominantly from an AMO modulation via this key nonlinear effect. We further suggest that a positive AMO favours a westward shift of ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern in the tropical Pacific. Correspondingly, the anomalous western North Pacific (WNP) anticyclone also migrates westward, which gives rise to pronounced moisture transports and vertical motions over the adjacent southeast China, thereby resulting in a significant ENSO–SCWP relationship. In contrast, during the negative AMO phase, the eastward‐shifted ENSO SST and WNP anticyclonic anomalies produce significant atmospheric anomalies primarily to the east of the Chinese mainland, thus having less effect on the SCWP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 38, No. 13 ( 2018-11), p. 4903-4923
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 38, No. 13 ( 2018-11), p. 4903-4923
    Abstract: In this study, by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the impact of spectral nudging (SN) on simulating the precipitation extremes and diurnal cycle of precipitation over Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment‐East Asia (CORDEX‐EA) domain is evaluated. The simulations are conducted during 1989–2007 driven by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis data with different SN experiments. It is clear that WRF has the ability to reproduce the long‐term climatology as well as the extremes over Asia, while biases are generated in the experiment without SN (NOSN). The simulations with SN, especially SN6 (SN with wavenumber 6) and SN3‐UVT (SN with wavenumber 3 applied to wind and temperature), can efficiently improve the model's skill by reducing the biases of precipitation frequency and intensity as well as the extreme indices except for the consecutive dry days (CDD). The diurnal harmonics of precipitation frequency and amount are well produced by WRF, and the SN experiments also perform better than the NOSN experiment, with SN3‐UVT showing the best skill. However, the SN only with winds shows little improvement in simulating the diurnal cycles, and the additional nudging of temperature can improve the simulation only over south China and Indo‐China. It can be concluded that the strength of nudging parameters can significantly affect the simulation of precipitation, with better performance under the stronger nudging. Moreover, additional nudging of temperature can also improve the simulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 8
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2014-09), p. 1137-1145
    Abstract: The Zoige Basin on the eastern Tibetan Plateau has the largest area of highland peatlands in China. However, the development history of these peatlands is still poorly understood. Understanding how these carbon-rich ecosystems responded to change in the Asian summer monsoons during the Holocene will provide insight into the peatland carbon accumulation processes under different climate boundary conditions. Here, we document the timing of initiation and expansion histories of these peatlands using 59 new basal peat ages across the Zoige Basin, with 29 ages for initiation analysis and 30 additional ages for lateral expansion analysis. Also, we synthesized basal ages from 26 sites and carbon accumulation records at four sites from previous studies in this region. The results show that the peatland initiation is widespread at 11.5–10 and 7–6 kyr (1 kyr = 1000 cal. yr BP) and the minimum initiation periods occurred after 5 kyr. Our multiple basal ages along eight transects show that slopes are a dominant control on peatland lateral expansion rates, with very slow and less variable rates at slopes 〉 0.4°. Furthermore, we found a significant relationship between peatland basal ages and peat depths from 85 sites, suggesting relatively uniform peat properties. Carbon accumulation rates from detailed downcore analysis at four sites and on the basis of peat depth–basal age relationship show similar patterns with a peak carbon accumulation at 10–8 kyr. On the basis of estimated mean values of bulk density and carbon content from the region, the Holocene average C accumulation for the Zoige Basin is 31.1 g C/m 2 /yr. The widespread peatland initiation and rapid accumulation in the early Holocene were likely in response to higher temperature and stronger summer monsoon intensity, while the slowdown of peatland development during the late Holocene might have been caused by climate cooling and drying.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2002
    In:  International Journal of Urban and Regional Research Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2002-06), p. 360-376
    In: International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2002-06), p. 360-376
    Abstract: Many microcredit programs have been created in the United States in the past decade that replicate design features of their counterparts in the third world. Yet few systematic studies have been carried out to examine what determines these programs’ loan repayment performance. We attempt to fill this gap by studying the determinants of loan repayment for four of the oldest group–based microcredit programs in the US. Our findings suggest that these programs are faced with a set of social and institutional environments that are both similar to and different from those faced by their third–world counterparts. On the one hand we find that higher levels of education and proximity to the lending agency increase the chances of loan repayment. Low transaction costs for accessing loans and high borrower–costs in the event of default also enhance loan repayment performance. On the other hand key variables such as gender and homogeneity of borrowers are not significantly related to loan repayment. We conclude by examining the implications of these findings for program design in the US. Au cours des dix dernières années, ont été créés aux Etats–Unis de nombreux programmes de microcrédit reprenant des concepts de leurs équivalents du Tiers monde. Cependant, on a mené peu d’études systématiques pour examiner ce qui décide de la qualité de remboursement des prÁts de ces programmes. En tentant de combler cette lacune, l’article étudie les déterminants de ces remboursements pour quatre des plus anciens programmes de microcrédit américains associés à des groupes. D’après les résultats, les programmes sont confrontés à un ensemble d’environnements sociaux et institutionnels à la fois similaires et différents de ceux que rencontrent leurs équivalents du Tiers monde. D’une part, les niveaux supérieurs d’éducation et de proximité de l’organisme de prÁt augmentent les chances de remboursement. Des frais de transaction faibles pour l’accès aux prÁts, de mÁme que des charges élevées pour l’emprunteur défaillant, favorisent également la réalisation du remboursement. D’autre part, des variables–clés, comme le sexe et l’homogénéité des emprunteurs, n’ont pas de liens significatifs avec le remboursement. En conclusion, sont étudiées les implications de ces résultats sur la conception des programmes américains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0309-1317 , 1468-2427
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481045-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 751084-6
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
    SSG: 3,6
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  • 10
    In: Computers & Geosciences, Elsevier BV, Vol. 180 ( 2023-11), p. 105459-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0098-3004
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499977-8
    SSG: 16,13
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