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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climatic yield potential of Japonica ‐type rice in the Korean Peninsula under RCP scenarios using the ensemble of multi‐GCM and multi‐RCM chains
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 41, No. S1 ( 2021-01)
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 41, No. S1 ( 2021-01)
    Abstract: Rice production in the Korean Peninsula (KP) in the near future (2021–2050) is analysed in terms of the climatic yield potential (CYP) index for Japonica‐type rice. Data obtained from the dynamically downscaled daily temperature and sunshine duration for the Historical period (1981–2010) and near future under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios are utilized. To reduce uncertainties that might be induced by using a Coupled General Circulation Model (CGCM)—a Regional Climate Model (RCM) chain in dynamical downscaling, two CGCM—three RCM chains are used to estimate the CYP index. The results show that the mean rice production decreases, mainly due to the increase of the temperature during the grain‐filling period (40 days after the heading date). According to multi model ensemble, the optimum heading date in the near future will be approximately 12 days later and the maximum CYP will be even higher than in the Historical. This implies that the rice production is projected to decrease if the heading date is selected based on the optimum heading date of Historical, but to increase if based on that of near future. The mean rice production during the period of ripening is projected to decrease (to about 95% (RCP4.5) and 93% (RCP8.5) of the Historical) in the western and southern regions of the KP, but to increase (to about 104% (RCP4.5) and 106% (RCP8.5) of the Historical) in the northeastern coastal regions of the KP. However, if the optimum heading date is selected in the near future climate, the peak rice production is projected to increase (to about 105% (RCP4.5) and 104% (RCP8.5) of the Historical) in the western, southern and northeastern coastal regions of the KP, but to decrease (to about 98% (RCP4.5) and 96% (RCP8.5) of the Historical) in the southeastern coastal regions of the KP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v41.S1
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.6767
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Future changes in extreme precipitation indices over Korea
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 38, No. S1 ( 2018-04)
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 38, No. S1 ( 2018-04)
    Abstract: In this study, the regional climate of the Korean Peninsula is dynamically downscaled using a high‐resolution regional climate model forced by two representative concentration pathway scenarios of Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2‐Atmosphere and Ocean (HadGEM2‐AO) using multiple regional climate models. Changes in extreme precipitation indices are investigated. Through the evaluation of the present climate, a multi‐model ensemble reasonably reproduces the long‐term climatology of extreme precipitation indices over South Korea despite some systematic errors. Both mean and extreme precipitation intensities for 80 years in the future (2021–2100) increase compared to those of the present. However, the increasing rates of indices related to precipitation intensities are different according to sub‐period, season, and emission scenarios. Mean and extreme precipitation intensities of the future climate increase during the summer when most extreme precipitation events occur over the Korean Peninsula. Also, abnormal extreme precipitation can increase during future summers due to increasing variances of indices related to extreme precipitation intensity. Increasing extreme summer precipitation over South Korea is proportional to the increases in convective precipitation compared to non‐convective precipitation. This indicates that future changes in summer precipitation, with regard to intensity and frequency, over South Korea, among representative concentration pathway scenarios, are more related to a change in convective instability rather than synoptic condition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.2018.38.issue-S1
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.5414
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Role of Midlatitude Baroclinic Condition in Heavy Rainfall Events Directly Induced by Tropical Cyclones in South Korea
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 151, No. 12 ( 2023-12), p. 3113-3132
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 151, No. 12 ( 2023-12), p. 3113-3132
    Abstract: Recurving tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific often cause heavy rainfall events (HREs) in East Asia. However, how their interactions with midlatitude flows alter the characteristics of HREs remains unclear. The present study examines the synoptic–dynamic characteristics of HREs directly resulting from TCs in South Korea with a focus on the role of midlatitude baroclinic condition. The HREs are categorized into two clusters based on midlatitude tropopause patterns: strongly (C1) and weakly (C2) baroclinic conditions. C1, which is common in late summer, is characterized by a well-defined trough–ridge couplet and jet streak at the tropopause. As TCs approach, the trough–ridge couplet amplifies, but is anchored by divergent TC outflow. This leads to phase locking of the upstream trough with TCs and thereby prompts substantial structural changes of TCs reminiscent of extratropical transition. The synergistic TC–midlatitude flow interactions allow for widely enhanced quasigeostrophic forcing for ascent to the north of the TC center. This allows HREs to occur even before TC landfall with more inland rainfall than C2 HREs. In contrast, C2, which is mainly observed in midsummer, does not accompany the undulating tropopause. In the absence of strong interactions with midlatitude flows, TCs rapidly dissipate after HREs while maintaining their tropical features. The upward motion is confined to the inherent TC convection, and thus HREs occur only when TCs are located in the vicinity of the country. These findings suggest that midlatitude baroclinic condition determines the spatial extent of TC rainfall and the timing of TC-induced HREs in South Korea. Significance Statement This study suggests that the midlatitude flows can substantially modulate heavy rainfall events directly caused by tropical cyclones. By analyzing the 42-yr tropical cyclone–induced heavy rainfall events in South Korea, it is found that tropical cyclones and midlatitude flows strongly interact with each other, especially when the midlatitude flows meander in conjunction with a strong jet stream. Their synergistic interactions result in a poleward expansion of the tropical cyclones’ precipitation shields, leading to heavy rainfall events even before they make landfall in the country. Consequently, it is advisable to carefully monitor the midlatitude conditions as well as tropical cyclones themselves as earlier heavy rainfall warnings may be necessary depending on the former.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-23-0046.1
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-23-0046.s1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Future projection of extreme precipitation over the Korean Peninsula under global warming levels of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C, using large ensemble of RCMs in CORDEX-East Asia Phase 2
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Theoretical and Applied Climatology Vol. 154, No. 1-2 ( 2023-10), p. 521-534
    Details
    In: Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 154, No. 1-2 ( 2023-10), p. 521-534
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0177-798X , 1434-4483
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00704-023-04570-6
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463177-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 405799-5
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Projections of suitable cultivation area for major fruit trees and climate‐type in South Korea under representative concentration pathway scenarios using the ensemble of high‐resolution regional climate models
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 43, No. 10 ( 2023-08), p. 4552-4571
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 43, No. 10 ( 2023-08), p. 4552-4571
    Abstract: This study projected the future changes in the climate‐type distribution in South Korea according to the Köppen–Trewartha climate classification (KTCC) under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5/8.5 scenarios and the future change of cultivation area of apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. ) and mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Marc. ), which are major fruit crops in South Korea, using five regional climate models with a 12.5 km horizontal resolution. According to KTCC, type temperate (D)s is dominant in most of South Korea during the reference period (1981–2005). On the other hand, it is projected that the area of Type D and Type subtropical (C) will decrease and increase, respectively, towards higher latitudes and elevations in the future under RCP4.5/8.5 scenarios. Accordingly, the cultivation areas of major fruit crops in South Korea are projected to change significantly. The cultivation area of apple (mandarin), which is a major current fruit crop in Type D (C), is projected to be reduced (expanded) as it moves towards higher latitudes and elevations in the future. Apples grown throughout South Korea in the present climate (reference period) are not expected to be cultivated in the late‐21C due to climate change. On the other hand, the cultivation area of mandarins is projected to increase steadily in the future. At present, mandarins are cultivated only in Jeju Island, which is located in the south of the South Korea. However, the cultivation area is expected to increase by 1323% in late‐21C under the RCP8.5 scenario compared to the reference period. Moreover, mandarin cultivation is projected to be possible anywhere in South Korea. Nevertheless, in late‐21C, excessive increases in temperature that exceeds the appropriate temperature for mandarin in Jeju Island and the southern part of South Korea will eventually decrease the cultivation area of mandarins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v43.10
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.8102
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improvement of regional climate simulation of East Asian summer monsoon by coupled air-sea interaction and large-scale nudging : IMPROVEMENT OF EASM SIMULATION BY AIR-SEA COUPLING AND NUDGING
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 334-345
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 334-345
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.4349
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Concurrent daytime and nighttime heatwaves in the late 21st century over the CORDEX‐East Asia phase 2 domain using multi‐GCM and multi‐RCM chains
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 43, No. 10 ( 2023-08), p. 4687-4701
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 43, No. 10 ( 2023-08), p. 4687-4701
    Abstract: The adverse impacts of extreme heat on human health when a concurrent daytime and nighttime heatwave (CDNHW) occurs are greater than when daytime or nighttime heatwaves occur individually, because of the reduced recovery time from heat exposure. This study projects increases in CDNHW over the whole of East Asia under two Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) and two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5). The daily maximum and minimum temperatures, which are used to define a CDNHW, are calculated of 3‐hourly temperatures of 25 km horizontal resolution produced by 12 general circulation model and regional climate model chains participating in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment East Asia phase 2 project. In Historical simulation (1981–2005), occurrence period and occurrence rate of CDNHW from April to September area‐averaged in East Asia are 10.9 days and 0.9%, respectively. In projections for the future (2071–2100), occurrence period and occurrence rate of CDNHW will be 3 weeks and 3.7% (RCP2.6), 2 months and 20.5% (RCP8.5), 2 months and 15.6% (SSP1‐2.6), and 3 months and 45.7% (SSP5‐8.5). In addition, it is expected that the CDNHW intensity will increase, and the spatial extent of CDNHW will be extended. Although a CDNHW lasting less than 3 days is the most common, the proportion of CDNHWs lasting more than 10 days, compared to the total CDNHW frequency, will increase to 1.2% (RCP2.6), 7.2% (RCP8.5), 6.1% (SSP1‐2.6), and 17.3% (SSP5‐8.5) from 0.2% (Historical). Both occurrence rate and intensity of CDNHW will increase to a relatively large extent in Indochina, East and West China, and India. If the current greenhouse gas emissions continue, East Asia will experience unprecedented heat stress because the frequency and intensity of CDNHWs, which rarely occur during present‐day, will increase significantly over all regions by the end of the 21st century.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v43.10
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.8111
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of summer precipitation over Far East Asia and South Korea simulated by multiple regional climate models
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 40, No. 4 ( 2020-03-30), p. 2270-2284
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 40, No. 4 ( 2020-03-30), p. 2270-2284
    Abstract: The evaluation of climate model performance is necessary to enhance the reliability of available models. Recently, the interest in the added value has been increasing due to the continued enhancement of the horizontal model resolution for dynamical downscaling. We have examined the simulation performance of regional climate models (RCMs) forced by two global climate models (GCMs) for summer precipitation over Far East Asia and South Korea on the basis of spatial resolution improvement. In terms of model resolution, coarse‐resolution RCMs present limitations, whilst high‐resolution RCMs offer the added value as revealed by several performance evaluations. RCMs forced by HadGEM2‐AO estimated smaller summer precipitation over South Korea than those observed, whereas RCMs forced by MPI‐ESM‐LR presented a wet bias. Here, moderate‐heavy rain in RCMs forced by HadGEM2‐AO and light‐moderate rain in RCMs forced by MPI‐ESM‐LR were found to lead to dry and wet biases, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v40.4
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.6331
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Projection of future precipitation change over South Korea by regional climate models and bias correction methods
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Theoretical and Applied Climatology Vol. 141, No. 3-4 ( 2020-08), p. 1415-1429
    Details
    In: Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 141, No. 3-4 ( 2020-08), p. 1415-1429
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0177-798X , 1434-4483
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00704-020-03282-5
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463177-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 405799-5
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Land-Based Convection Effects on Formation of Tropical Cyclone Mekkhala (2008)
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 145, No. 4 ( 2017-04-01), p. 1315-1337
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 145, No. 4 ( 2017-04-01), p. 1315-1337
    Abstract: The effects of land-based convection on the formation of Tropical Storm Mekkhala (2008) off the west coast of the Philippines are investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with 4-km horizontal grid spacing. Five simulations with Thompson microphysics are utilized to select the control-land experiment that reasonably replicates the observed sea level pressure evolution. To demonstrate the contribution of the land-based convection, sensitivity experiments are performed by changing the land of the northern Philippines to water, and all five of these no-land experiments fail to develop Mekkhala. The Mekkhala tropical depression develops when an intense, well-organized land-based mesoscale convective system moves offshore from Luzon and interacts with an oceanic mesoscale system embedded in a strong monsoon westerly flow. Because of this interaction, a midtropospheric mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) organizes offshore from Luzon, where monsoon convection continues to contribute to low-level vorticity enhancement below the midlevel vortex center. In the no-land experiments, widespread oceanic convection induces a weaker midlevel vortex farther south in a strong vertical wind shear zone and subsequently farther east in a weaker monsoon vortex region. Thus, the monsoon convection–induced low-level vorticity remained separate from the midtropospheric MCV, which finally resulted in a failure of the low-level spinup. This study suggests that land-based convection can play an advantageous role in TC formation by influencing the intensity and the placement of the incipient midtropospheric MCV to be more favorable for TC low-level circulation development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0167.1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
    SSG: 14
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