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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regionalization of precipitation characteristics in Iran’s Lake Urmia basin
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Theoretical and Applied Climatology Vol. 132, No. 1-2 ( 2018-4), p. 363-373
    Details
    In: Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 132, No. 1-2 ( 2018-4), p. 363-373
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0177-798X , 1434-4483
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00704-017-2090-0
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463177-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 405799-5
    SSG: 14
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTREME RAINFALL IN AN EAST ASIAN MONSOON-CLIMATE CATCHMENT IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE HUAI RIVER, CHINA
    Wiley ; 1996
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 1996-03), p. 321-337
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 1996-03), p. 321-337
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199603)16:3〈〉1.0.CO;2-1
    DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0088
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199603)16:3〈321::AID-JOC9〉3.0.CO;2-W
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of CMIP5 models for west and southwest Iran using TOPSIS-based method
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Theoretical and Applied Climatology Vol. 137, No. 1-2 ( 2019-7), p. 533-543
    Details
    In: Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 137, No. 1-2 ( 2019-7), p. 533-543
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0177-798X , 1434-4483
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00704-018-2616-0
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463177-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 405799-5
    SSG: 14
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Precipitation variability and its relation to climate anomalies in the Bolivian Altiplano
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2019-03-30), p. 2096-2107
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2019-03-30), p. 2096-2107
    Abstract: Precipitation variability over the Bolivian Altiplano is strongly affected by local climate and temporal variation of large‐scale atmospheric flow. Precipitation is the main water source for drinking water and agricultural production. For this reason, a better understanding of precipitation variability and its relation with climate phenomena can provide important information for forecasting of droughts and floods, disaster risk reduction, and improvement of water management. We present results of an analysis of the austral summer precipitation variability at six locations in the Bolivian Altiplano and connections to climate variability. For this purpose, the variability of the summer precipitation was related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Antarctic Meridional Mode (AMM), and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). A statistically significant correlation between climate indices and precipitation was found in various spectral frequencies and power. The variability of the summer precipitation was associated with the climate indices using a band‐pass filter, representing the signal at a particular period of time. For the ENSO, band‐pass filtering was applied for Niño3.4 and Niño3 at band ~2–7 years, for NAO band ~5–8 years, and for AMM band ~10–13 years. The variability of summer precipitation was related to all studied climate modes by negative relationships. The physical explanation for this is first the dry air transported from the Pacific Ocean to the Altiplano during El Niño events. Second, NAO and ENSO are dynamically linked through teleconnections. Third, the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) shifts are northwards during the warm phases of AMM. These physical mechanisms lead to a reduced austral summer precipitation associated with positive phases of the ENSO, NAO, and AMM. The results can be used to better forecast precipitation in the Bolivian Altiplano and provide support for the development of policies to improve climate resilience and risk management of water supply.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.2019.39.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.5937
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Predicting the Dielectric Constant–Water Content Relationship Using Artificial Neural Networks
    Wiley ; 2002
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 66, No. 5 ( 2002-09), p. 1424-1429
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 66, No. 5 ( 2002-09), p. 1424-1429
    Abstract: Accurate measurements of soil water content (θ) are important in various applications in hydrology and soil science. The time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique has been widely used for θ measurements during the last two decades. The TDR utilizes the apparent dielectric constant ( K a ) for estimations of θ. The K a –θ relationship has been described using both empirical and physical models. Universal calibration equations that fit a wide range of different soil types have been developed. However, to achieve high accuracy, a soil‐specific calibration needs to be conducted. In the present study, we use an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the K a –θ relationship using soil physical parameters for ten different soil types. The parameters that give the most significant reduction in the root mean square error (RMSE) are bulk density, clay content, and organic matter content. The K a –θ relationship for each soil type is predicted using the other nine for calibration. It is shown that ANN predictions are as good as a soil specific calibration with comparable coefficient of determination and RMSE. Thus, by using ANN, highly accurate data can be obtained without need for elaborate soil specific calibration experiments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2002.1424
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Plot‐Scale Solute Transport in a Semiarid Agricultural Soil
    Wiley ; 1994
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 1994-07), p. 1052-1060
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 1994-07), p. 1052-1060
    Abstract: In semiarid areas, agricultural production is determined by limited water and nutrient supply. To develop efficient management practices, it is of importance to predict solute transport. In line with this, we present observed and calculated plot‐scale solute transport in an agricultural experimental field in northern Tunisia. A pulse of Br − ‐tagged water was applied on the surface of two small field plots and leached under steady‐state soil water conditions. Solute samples were withdrawn through ceramic samplers at five different depths within each plot. The experimental data indicated a high degree of by pass or preferential flow within the small plots and nonsigmoid breakthrough curves, suggesting tailing phenomena and immobile fractions of soil water. The data were evaluated using the classical two‐parameter convection‐dispersion equation (CDE) and the four‐parameter non‐equilibrium convection‐dispersion equation (NECDE). Pore water velocities, v , and dispersion coefficients, D , were calculated by fitting the analytical solution of these two models to the breakthrough curves based on individual sample locations as well as using all samples in the plot simultaneously. None of the models could be fitted when data from all solute sampling depths were used in the optimization simultaneously. When using data at individual sample locations, the fit was somewhat better for the NECDE than for the CDE. The estimated values of D and v could be described by a power law relationship.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800040008x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Noninvasive Water Content and Electrical Conductivity Laboratory Measurements using Time Domain Reflectometry
    Wiley ; 1998
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 62, No. 6 ( 1998-11), p. 1471-1476
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 62, No. 6 ( 1998-11), p. 1471-1476
    Abstract: A noninvasive approach for measurements of near‐surface water content (θ) and bulk electrical conductivity (σ a ) using time domain reflectometry (TDR) is presented. In this approach, an ordinary three‐rod TDR probe is used together with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surface block that surrounds half the measurement volume. Theoretical and experimental results show that an analytical solution of the apparent dielectric constant K a and the σ a of the soil is possible. Thus, the suggested technique does not require a separate calibration of the relationship between the measured effective K a and K a of the soil. The variability of the measurements was shown to be slightly higher than using the traditional approach. The spatial sensitivity of the suggested technique was also investigated. It was shown that using a three‐rod TDR probe with a rod spacing of 0.05 m allows the θ and σ a to be measured in the uppermost 2 cm of the soil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200060001x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Texture and Electrical Conductivity Effects on Temperature Dependency in Time Domain Reflectometry
    Wiley ; 1998
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 1998-07), p. 887-893
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 1998-07), p. 887-893
    Abstract: If not accounted for, temperature effects on the water content and electrical conductivity measured with time domain reflectometry (TDR) will introduce significant errors. In this study, an automated TDR system was used to quantify the temperature dependence of the apparent dielectric constant and electrical conductivity in wet soils. Sandy, clayey, and organic soils were used to examine the effect of soil texture. The temperature correction factor for water content measurements was predicted, by using different dielectric mixing models, to lie between −0.00253 and −0.00419θ°C ‐1 , the negative value of the temperature correction factor indicating a decrease in the water content measurements with increasing temperature. These values agreed well with the correction factor measured in sandy soils: −0.00269θ°C ‐1 . In soils with large specific surface, i.e., clayey and organic soils, however, the temperature dependence was significantly lower. Large specific surface combined with high soil solution electrical conductivity resulted in a positive correction factor, i.e., water content measurements increased with increases in temperature. The temperature dependence of the bulk electrical conductivity was investigated using different soils and soil solutions. The temperature dependence was close to that of the soil solution and was independent of soil texture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200040006x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial Dependence of Geochemical Elements in a Semiarid Agricultural Field: II. Geostatistical Properties
    Wiley ; 1993
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 1993-09), p. 1323-1329
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 1993-09), p. 1323-1329
    Abstract: Experimental variograms may be used to infer the spatial structure of geochemical elements. This information is needed to control the transport of toxic elements through the unsaturated zone. Geostatistical properties of total soil contents for 20 major and trace elements were investigated for a soil in northern Tunisia. The analysis showed that all elements have a clear spatial structure. Several elements displayed a significant trend that was removed by fitting the raw data to a second‐order polynomial. Variograms for the residuals showed that most elements reach sills at ranges of ≈10 to 20 m. Exceptions are Co with a range of ≈1 m and Zn with a range of ≈5 m. The elements Be and Sr have larger ranges of ≈30 m. Calculation of direction‐dependent variograms showed that most elements depended on direction. Autocorrelation analysis of the residuals indicated no spatial correlation. The ranges found in this study can be used in sampling strategies to obtain independent values of geochemical elements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700050027x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reactive Solute Transport with a Variable Selectivity Coefficient in an Undisturbed Soil Column
    Wiley ; 1997
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 61, No. 6 ( 1997-11), p. 1539-1546
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 61, No. 6 ( 1997-11), p. 1539-1546
    Abstract: The spatial distribution of major ion concentrations limits the pre‐dictability of solute transport processes in field soils. Therefore, it is important to analyze solute transport with chemical reactions based on results obtained from field soils and numerical simulation. A simulation model with cation‐exchange reactions was developed and applied to solute‐transport analysis of an undisturbed field soil. Chemical reaction terms in the convective‐dispersive equation were estimated by the Levenberg‐Marquardt nonlinear least‐squares regression technique to satisfy physical and chemical processes simultaneously. The reliability of the model was tested with liquid‐phase and solid‐phase concentrations of measured spatial distributions of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , and K + after continuous infiltration of KCl solution into an undisturbed soil column. The experimental results revealed that the selectivity coefficients for Ca‐Na and Ca‐Mg exchange could be kept constant, while those for Ca‐K exchange increased with the equivalent fraction of K + in the solid phase. The effects of the exchange selectivity coefficient on reactive solute transport are discussed based on the simulation results. When a constant selectivity coefficient was used, the model failed to predict the spatial distributions of cation concentrations in the solid phase. Thus, model predictions can be improved by use of variable instead of constant selectivity coefficients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100060001x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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