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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electrically Active Convection in Tropical Easterly Waves and Implications for Tropical Cyclogenesis in the Atlantic and East Pacific
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 141, No. 2 ( 2013-02-01), p. 542-556
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 141, No. 2 ( 2013-02-01), p. 542-556
    Abstract: In this study, the authors investigated the characteristics of tropical easterly wave convection and the possible implications of convective structure on tropical cyclogenesis and intensification over the Atlantic Ocean and the east Pacific Ocean. Easterly waves were partitioned into northerly, southerly, trough, and ridge phases based on the 700-hPa meridional wind from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis dataset. Waves were subsequently divided according to whether they did or did not develop tropical cyclones (i.e., developing and nondeveloping, respectively), and developing waves were further subdivided according to development location. Finally, composites as a function of wave phase and category were created using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager, Precipitation Radar (PR), and Lightning Imaging Sensor as well as infrared (IR) brightness temperature data from the NASA global-merged IR brightness temperature dataset. Results suggest that the convective characteristics that best distinguish developing from nondeveloping waves vary according to where developing waves spawn tropical cyclones. For waves that develop a cyclone in the Atlantic basin, coverage by IR brightness temperatures ≤240 and ≤210 K provide the best distinction between developing and nondeveloping waves. In contrast, several variables provide a significant distinction between nondeveloping waves and waves that develop cyclones over the east Pacific as these waves near their genesis location including IR threshold coverage, lightning flash rates, and low-level ( & lt;4.5 km) PR reflectivity. Results of this study may be used to help develop thresholds to better distinguish developing from nondeveloping waves and serve as another aid for tropical cyclogenesis forecasting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00174.1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial Resolution Impacts on National Meteorological Center Nested Grid Model Simulations
    American Meteorological Society ; 1993
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 121, No. 5 ( 1993-05), p. 1450-1466
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 121, No. 5 ( 1993-05), p. 1450-1466
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121〈1450:SRIONM〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assimilation of Surface-Based Boundary Layer Profiler Observations during a Cool-Season Weather Event Using an Observing System Simulation Experiment. Part I: Analysis Impact
    American Meteorological Society ; 2011
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 139, No. 8 ( 2011-08), p. 2309-2326
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 139, No. 8 ( 2011-08), p. 2309-2326
    Abstract: In this study, an Observing System Simulation Experiment was used to examine how the assimilation of temperature, water vapor, and wind profiles from a potential array of ground-based remote sensing boundary layer profiling instruments impacts the accuracy of atmospheric analyses when using an ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation system. Remote sensing systems evaluated during this study include the Doppler wind lidar (DWL), Raman lidar (RAM), microwave radiometer (MWR), and the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI). The case study tracked the evolution of several extratropical weather systems that occurred across the contiguous United States during 7–8 January 2008. Overall, the results demonstrate that using networks of high-quality temperature, wind, and moisture profile observations of the lower troposphere has the potential to improve the accuracy of wintertime atmospheric analyses over land. The impact of each profiling system was greatest in the lower and middle troposphere on the variables observed or retrieved by that instrument; however, some minor improvements also occurred in the unobserved variables and in the upper troposphere, particularly when RAM observations were assimilated. The best analysis overall was achieved when DWL wind profiles and temperature and moisture observations from the RAM, AERI, or MWR were assimilated simultaneously, which illustrates that both mass and momentum observations are necessary to improve the analysis accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2011MWR3622.1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
    SSG: 14
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relation between Tropical Easterly Waves, Convection, and Tropical Cyclogenesis: A Lagrangian Perspective
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 141, No. 8 ( 2013-08-01), p. 2649-2668
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 141, No. 8 ( 2013-08-01), p. 2649-2668
    Abstract: In this study, a wave-following Lagrangian framework was used to examine the evolution of tropical easterly wave structure, circulation, and convection in the days leading up to and including tropical cyclogenesis in the Atlantic and east Pacific basins. After easterly waves were separated into northerly, southerly, trough, and ridge phases using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis 700-hPa meridional wind, waves that developed a tropical cyclone [developing waves (DWs)] and waves that never developed a cyclone [nondeveloping waves (NDWs)] were identified. Day zero (D0) was defined as the day on which a tropical depression was identified for DWs or the day the waves achieved maximum 850-hPa vorticity for NDWs. Both waves types were then traced from five days prior to D0 (D − 5) through one day after D0. Results suggest that as genesis is approached for DWs, the coverage by convection and cold cloudiness (e.g., fractional coverage by infrared brightness temperatures ≤240 K) increases, while convective intensity (e.g., lightning flash rate) decreases. Therefore, the coverage by convection appears to be more important than the intensity of convection for tropical cyclogenesis. In contrast, convective coverage and intensity both increase from D − 5 to D0 for NDWs. Compared to NDWs, DWs are associated with significantly greater coverage by cold cloudiness, large-scale moisture throughout a deep layer, and large-scale, upper-level (~200 hPa) divergence, especially within the trough and southerly phases, suggesting that these parameters are most important for cyclogenesis and for distinguishing DWs from NDWs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00217.1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
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  • 15
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    Online Resource
    Nutrient limitation in five lakes near Mount St. Helens, Washington
    Informa UK Limited ; 1997
    In:  SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 1997-12), p. 377-380
    Details
    In: SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 1997-12), p. 377-380
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0368-0770
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/03680770.1995.11900738
    RVK:
    RB 10360
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    WI 4700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3008167-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 201642-4
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Koloa Volcanic Suite of Kauai, Hawaii
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1992
    In:  Journal of Petrology Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 1992-08-01), p. 761-784
    Details
    In: Journal of Petrology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 1992-08-01), p. 761-784
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3530 , 1460-2415
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/petrology/33.4.761
    RVK:
    RB 10121
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466724-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 17
    Online Resource
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    Updating the USGS seismic hazard maps for Alaska
    Elsevier BV ; 2015
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews Vol. 113 ( 2015-04), p. 39-47
    Details
    In: Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier BV, Vol. 113 ( 2015-04), p. 39-47
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0277-3791
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.006
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 780249-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495523-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 18
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    Characterizing U.S. drought over the past 20 years using the U.S. drought monitor
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 42, No. 12 ( 2022-10), p. 6616-6630
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 42, No. 12 ( 2022-10), p. 6616-6630
    Abstract: The main challenge of evaluating droughts in the context of climate change and linking these droughts to adverse societal outcomes is a lack of a uniform definition that identifies drought conditions at a location and time. The U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), created in 1999, is a well‐established composite index that combines drought indicators across the hydrological cycle (i.e., meteorological to hydrological) with information from local experts. This makes the USDM one of the most holistic measures for evaluating past drought conditions across the United States. In this study, the USDM was used to define drought events as consecutive periods in time where the USDM status met or exceeded D1 conditions over the past 20 years. This analysis was applied to 5 km grid cells covering the U.S. and Puerto Rico to characterize the frequency, duration, and intensification rates of drought, and the timing of onset, amelioration, and other measures for every drought event on record. Results from this analysis revealed stark contrasts in the evolution of drought across the United States. Over the western United States, droughts evolved much slower, resulting in longer‐lasting but fewer droughts. The eastern United States experienced more frequent, shorter‐duration events. Given the slower evolution from onset to drought peak, flash droughts, which made up 9.8% of all droughts, were less common across the western United States, with a greater frequency over the southern United States. The most severe drought event on record was the 2012 drought, when more than 21% of the United States experienced its largest number of weeks at or above extreme (D3) drought conditions. The availability of historical drought events would support future societal impacts studies relating drought to adverse outcomes and aid in the evaluation of mitigation strategies by providing a dataset to local decision makers to compare and evaluate past droughts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v42.12
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.7653
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
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  • 19
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    Charcoal producers and the pandemic: effects of COVID-19 in Pokot Central, Kenya
    Erdkunde ; 2021
    In:  Erdkunde Vol. 75, No. 2 ( 2021-06-30), p. 121-137
    Details
    In: Erdkunde, Erdkunde, Vol. 75, No. 2 ( 2021-06-30), p. 121-137
    Abstract: When the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded, public health measures were implemented globally. Early on, concerns grew that lockdowns and travel restrictions could have severe consequences, especially for marginalized communities in the Global South. In Sub-Saharan Africa, wood charcoal is not only an important cooking fuel, but provides income for many rural households. Despite its economic value, the charcoal sector is, however, largely unregulated and viewed exclusively as an environmentally damaging industry by policy makers and the public who make it responsible for large-scale deforestation. The present study employs a sustainable livelihood framework to assess the ability of charcoal producers in northwestern Kenya, to cope with a short-term shock such as the COVID-19 pandemic and preventive measures. It furthermore compares their access to health information to that of non-producers. A street survey of 139 respondents allowed to gain rapid insights into the realities of a group not accessible via online or telephone surveys. The results show that 87 % of charcoal producers face severe decline of this economic practice because of limited market access. These losses cause them food insecurities, while non-charcoal producers are more worried about social consequences of the restrictions. Though charcoal producers and non-producers feel equally well informed about the pandemic, producers are less likely to access reliable information channels than non-producers, resulting in an uneven distribution of health information across the community. By investigating the response of producers to an external shock and limited market access this study adds to the understanding of local vulnerabilities and the sustainability of rural livelihood strategies. This research argues for inclusive policy response to ensure consideration of the informal sector in crisis response as well as to provide adequate and low-threshold access to health information.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-0015 , 2702-5985
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2021.02.04
    RVK:
    RA 2050
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Erdkunde
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2409219-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1906-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 20
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    Water Provenance at the Old River Bed Inland Delta and Ground Water Flow from the Sevier Basin of Central Utah during the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2021
    In:  Quaternary Research Vol. 99 ( 2021-01), p. 114-127
    Details
    In: Quaternary Research, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 99 ( 2021-01), p. 114-127
    Abstract: To ascertain the provenance of water reaching wetlands in an area sustaining a population of Pleistocene–Holocene foragers, 87-strontium/86-strontium isotopic ratios ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) of mollusks from channels of the Old River Bed inland delta of central Utah were measured. Potential provenances examined included overflow from Pleistocene–Holocene Lake Gunnison, ground water flow from the Sevier basin, ground water discharge from piedmont aquifers infiltrated by Lake Bonneville, and ground waters from local regional aquifers. Old River Bed inland delta channels active from ~13.2 cal ka BP until ~11.2 cal ka BP have 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values of 0.70930–0.71049 that are consistent with water sourced from Lake Gunnison in the Sevier basin. Inland delta channels active from ~11.2 cal ka BP until shortly after ~9.3 cal ka BP have 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values of 0.70977–0.71033, suggesting ground water flowed from the Sevier basin during the early Holocene. Ratios of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr did not match known values for Lake Bonneville, but the youngest Old River Bed inland delta channel system has an 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio consistent with a local ground water source, perhaps Government Creek. Consistent ground water discharge may explain the persistence of foragers in the region despite the increasingly arid climate of the Great Basin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-5894 , 1096-0287
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/qua.2020.66
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471589-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 205711-6
    SSG: 13
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