GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Timing and causes of mid-Holocene mammoth extinction on St. Paul Island, Alaska
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2016
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 113, No. 33 ( 2016-08-16), p. 9310-9314
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, No. 33 ( 2016-08-16), p. 9310-9314
    Abstract: Relict woolly mammoth ( Mammuthus primigenius ) populations survived on several small Beringian islands for thousands of years after mainland populations went extinct. Here we present multiproxy paleoenvironmental records to investigate the timing, causes, and consequences of mammoth disappearance from St. Paul Island, Alaska. Five independent indicators of extinction show that mammoths survived on St. Paul until 5,600 ± 100 y ago. Vegetation composition remained stable during the extinction window, and there is no evidence of human presence on the island before 1787 CE, suggesting that these factors were not extinction drivers. Instead, the extinction coincided with declining freshwater resources and drier climates between 7,850 and 5,600 y ago, as inferred from sedimentary magnetic susceptibility, oxygen isotopes, and diatom and cladoceran assemblages in a sediment core from a freshwater lake on the island, and stable nitrogen isotopes from mammoth remains. Contrary to other extinction models for the St. Paul mammoth population, this evidence indicates that this mammoth population died out because of the synergistic effects of shrinking island area and freshwater scarcity caused by rising sea levels and regional climate change. Degradation of water quality by intensified mammoth activity around the lake likely exacerbated the situation. The St. Paul mammoth demise is now one of the best-dated prehistoric extinctions, highlighting freshwater limitation as an overlooked extinction driver and underscoring the vulnerability of small island populations to environmental change, even in the absence of human influence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604903113
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chemical profiling of ancient hearths reveals recurrent salmon use in Ice Age Beringia
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2016
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 113, No. 35 ( 2016-08-30), p. 9757-9762
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, No. 35 ( 2016-08-30), p. 9757-9762
    Abstract: Current approaches to reconstruct subsistence and dietary trends in ancient hunter-gatherer societies include stable isotope analyses, but these have focused on human remains, cooking pottery, and food residues, which are relatively rare in the archaeological record. In contrast, short-term hearths are more ubiquitous worldwide, and these features can provide valuable evidence for ancient subsistence practices, particularly when faunal remains are not preserved. To test the suitability of hearths for this purpose, we conducted multiple chemical analyses: stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of total organic matter (expressed as δ 13 C and δ 15 N values) and compound-specific carbon isotope analyses of individual fatty acids (δ 13 C 16:0 and δ 13 C 18:0 ) from 17 well-preserved hearths present in three occupations dating between ∼13,200–11,500 calibrated years B.P. at the Upward Sun River (USR) site in central Alaska. We combined δ 15 N and δ 13 C FA data in a Bayesian mixing model (stable isotope analysis in R) with concentration dependency to each hearth. Our model values were tested against faunal indices, indicating a strong positive relationship between marine proportional contributions to each hearth and salmon abundance. Results of the models show substantial anadromous salmon use in multiple USR components, indicating recurrent use of the site for salmon processing during the terminal Pleistocene. Our results demonstrate that salmonid and freshwater resources were more important for late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers than previously thought and highlight the potential of chemical profiling of hearth organic residues for providing greater geographic and temporal insights into resource use by prepottery societies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606219113
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lifetime mobility of an Arctic woolly mammoth
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2021
    In:  Science Vol. 373, No. 6556 ( 2021-08-13), p. 806-808
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 373, No. 6556 ( 2021-08-13), p. 806-808
    Abstract: Little is known about woolly mammoth ( Mammuthus primigenius ) mobility and range. Here we use high temporal resolution sequential analyses of strontium isotope ratios along an entire 1.7-meter-long tusk to reconstruct the movements of an Arctic woolly mammoth that lived 17,100 years ago, during the last ice age. We use an isotope-guided random walk approach to compare the tusk’s strontium and oxygen isotope profiles to isotopic maps. Our modeling reveals patterns of movement across a geographically extensive range during the animal’s ~28-year life span that varied with life stages. Maintenance of this level of mobility by megafaunal species such as mammoth would have been increasingly difficult as the ice age ended and the environment changed at high latitudes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.abg1134
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ancient horse genomes reveal the timing and extent of dispersals across the Bering Land Bridge
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Molecular Ecology Vol. 30, No. 23 ( 2021-12), p. 6144-6161
    Details
    In: Molecular Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 23 ( 2021-12), p. 6144-6161
    Abstract: The Bering Land Bridge (BLB) last connected Eurasia and North America during the Late Pleistocene. Although the BLB would have enabled transfers of terrestrial biota in both directions, it also acted as an ecological filter whose permeability varied considerably over time. Here we explore the possible impacts of this ecological corridor on genetic diversity within, and connectivity among, populations of a once wide‐ranging group, the caballine horses ( Equus spp.). Using a panel of 187 mitochondrial and eight nuclear genomes recovered from present‐day and extinct caballine horses sampled across the Holarctic, we found that Eurasian horse populations initially diverged from those in North America, their ancestral continent, around 1.0–0.8 million years ago. Subsequent to this split our mitochondrial DNA analysis identified two bidirectional long‐range dispersals across the BLB ~875–625 and ~200–50 thousand years ago, during the Middle and Late Pleistocene. Whole genome analysis indicated low levels of gene flow between North American and Eurasian horse populations, which probably occurred as a result of these inferred dispersals. Nonetheless, mitochondrial and nuclear diversity of caballine horse populations retained strong phylogeographical structuring. Our results suggest that barriers to gene flow, currently unidentified but possibly related to habitat distribution across Beringia or ongoing evolutionary divergence, played an important role in shaping the early genetic history of caballine horses, including the ancestors of living horses within Equus ferus .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-1083 , 1365-294X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mec.v30.23
    DOI: 10.1111/mec.15977
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020749-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1126687-9
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stable isotopic signatures in modern wood bison ( Bison bison athabascae ) hairs as telltale biomarkers of nutritional stress
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Canadian Journal of Zoology Vol. 98, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 505-514
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Zoology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 98, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 505-514
    Abstract: Assessing the challenges faced by wildlife populations is key to providing effective management but is problematic when dealing with populations in remote locations. Analyses of the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition (expressed as δ 13 C and δ 15 N values) of sequentially grown tissues, such as hairs, can be used to track changes in the eco-physiology of organisms. We generated δ 13 C and δ 15 N values from sequentially sampled (n = 465) hairs taken from wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads, 1898) (n = 27). Samples were taken from individuals prior to and after their release from captivity into the lower Innoko–Yukon river area of Alaska in 2015. Twenty months after release, individuals had a distinct seasonal pattern in δ 13 C values. Hairs from individuals that experienced food scarcity or long-distance movement were sampled as case studies. Nutritional stress in these cases lead to a rise in δ 15 N values and a decrease in δ 13 C values. Applications of δ 13 C and δ 15 N analyses of bison tail hairs could provide wildlife managers a valuable and minimally invasive tool to better understand bison seasonal metabolic status and determine the historical health and behavior of living and dead individuals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4301 , 1480-3283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0185
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490831-1
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Shifts in Identity and Activity of Methanotrophs in Arctic Lake Sediments in Response to Temperature Changes
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 78, No. 13 ( 2012-07), p. 4715-4723
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 13 ( 2012-07), p. 4715-4723
    Abstract: Methane (CH 4 ) flux to the atmosphere is mitigated via microbial CH 4 oxidation in sediments and water. As arctic temperatures increase, understanding the effects of temperature on the activity and identity of methanotrophs in arctic lake sediments is important to predicting future CH 4 emissions. We used DNA-based stable-isotope probing (SIP), quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), and pyrosequencing analyses to identify and characterize methanotrophic communities active at a range of temperatures (4°C, 10°C, and 21°C) in sediments (to a depth of 25 cm) sampled from Lake Qalluuraq on the North Slope of Alaska. CH 4 oxidation activity was measured in microcosm incubations containing sediments at all temperatures, with the highest CH 4 oxidation potential of 37.5 μmol g −1 day −1 in the uppermost (depth, 0 to 1 cm) sediment at 21°C after 2 to 5 days of incubation. Q-PCR of pmoA and of the 16S rRNA genes of type I and type II methanotrophs, and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes in 13 C-labeled DNA obtained by SIP demonstrated that the type I methanotrophs Methylobacter , Methylomonas , and Methylosoma dominated carbon acquisition from CH 4 in the sediments. The identity and relative abundance of active methanotrophs differed with the incubation temperature. Methylotrophs were also abundant in the microbial community that derived carbon from CH 4 , especially in the deeper sediments (depth, 15 to 20 cm) at low temperatures (4°C and 10°C), and showed a good linear relationship ( R = 0.82) with the relative abundances of methanotrophs in pyrosequencing reads. This study describes for the first time how methanotrophic communities in arctic lake sediments respond to temperature variations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00853-12
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early human dispersals within the Americas
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2018
    In:  Science Vol. 362, No. 6419 ( 2018-12-07)
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 362, No. 6419 ( 2018-12-07)
    Abstract: Studies of the peopling of the Americas have focused on the timing and number of initial migrations. Less attention has been paid to the subsequent spread of people within the Americas. We sequenced 15 ancient human genomes spanning from Alaska to Patagonia; six are ≥10,000 years old (up to ~18× coverage). All are most closely related to Native Americans, including those from an Ancient Beringian individual and two morphologically distinct “Paleoamericans.” We found evidence of rapid dispersal and early diversification that included previously unknown groups as people moved south. This resulted in multiple independent, geographically uneven migrations, including one that provides clues of a Late Pleistocene Australasian genetic signal, as well as a later Mesoamerican-related expansion. These led to complex and dynamic population histories from North to South America.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aav2621
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...