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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pediatric renal allograft transplantation does not normalize the increased cortisol/cortisone ratios of chronic renal failure
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2006
    In:  European Journal of Endocrinology Vol. 154, No. 4 ( 2006-04), p. 555-561
    Details
    In: European Journal of Endocrinology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 154, No. 4 ( 2006-04), p. 555-561
    Abstract: Objective : The conversion of cortisol (F) to cortisone (E) is catalyzed by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2). Children suffering from chronic renal failure (CRF) have a decreased activity of 11β-HSD2 contributing to increased arterial blood pressure. The objective was to investigate whether a normal conversion of F to E is achieved after renal transplantation (TX) in children. Methods : Fifteen children with CRF, 17 children with steroid-free immunosuppression after TX, and 18 healthy controls (CO) were enrolled. The activity of 11β-HSD2 in plasma was calculated using the ratio of F/E determined by tandem mass spectrometry, the ratio of tetrahydrocortisol (THF) +5α-tetrahydrocortisol (5αTHF) in urine determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and the ratio of (THF +5αTHF)/tetrahydrocortisone (THE) in urine determined by tandem mass spectrometry. Results : The F/E ratio (mean ± s.d. / s.e.m. ) was significantly higher in CRF and TX (5.6 ± 1.9/0.6, 7.12 ± 3.1/0.9) than in CO (1.18 ± 0.2/0.03, P 〈 0.0001) groups. The (THF + 5αTHF)/THE ratio in CRF (1.19 ± 1.1/0.5) and TX (1.19 ± 0.1/0.5) groups was significantly higher than in controls (0.21 ± 0.05/0.18, P 〈 0.0001). Positive correlations between plasma and urinary ratios ( P = 0.0004. R 2 = 0.73 in CRF, P = 0.0013, R 2 = 0.56 in TX, P 〈 0.0001, R 2 = 0.66 in CO) were found, whereas significant correlations between F/E or (THF + 5αTHF)/THE ratios and blood pressure, the number of antihypertensive drugs taken or creatinine clearance could not be found. Conclusions : In all children with chronic renal failure plasma and urinary cortisol/cortisone ratios are elevated and do not return to normal levels after renal allograft transplantation. This suggests that renal transplantation does not normalize 11β-HSD2 activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0804-4643 , 1479-683X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1530/eje.1.02121
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1485160-X
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Cardiac autonomic balance in small-for-gestational-age neonates
    American Physiological Society ; 2008
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 294, No. 2 ( 2008-02), p. H884-H890
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 294, No. 2 ( 2008-02), p. H884-H890
    Abstract: The cardiac sympathetic nervous system is one putative key factor involved in the intrauterine programming of adult cardiovascular disease. We therefore analyzed cardiac autonomic system activity in small for gestational age (SGA) neonates. Heart rate variability (HRV) from 24-h ECG recordings were analyzed for time-domain and frequency-domain parameters in 27 SGA neonates [median 261 (240–283) days of gestation] compared with 27 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates [median 270 (239–293) days of gestation] . In addition, salivary α-amylase levels were analyzed during resting conditions and in response to a pain-induced stress event in 18 SGA [median 266 (240–292) days of gestation] and 34 AGA [median 271 (240–294) days of gestation] neonates. Overall HRV was not significantly different in SGA neonates compared with AGA neonates (SD of all valid NN intervals: P = 0.14; triangular index: P = 0.29), and the sympathovagal balance [low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF)] was similar ( P = 0.62). Parameters mostly influenced by sympathetic activity did not reveal significant differences: (SD of the average of valid NN intervals: P = 0.27; average of the hourly means of SDs of all NN intervals: P = 0.66, LF: P = 0.83) as well as vagal tone-influenced parameters were unaltered (average of the hourly square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals: P = 0.59; proportion of pairs of adjacent NN intervals differing by 〉 50 ms: P = 0.93; HF: P = 0.82). Median resting levels for α-amylase were not significantly different in SGA neonates ( P = 0.13), and a neonatal stress stimulus revealed similar stress response patterns ( P = 0.29). HRV and salivary α-amylase levels as indicators of cardiac autonomic activity were not altered in SGA neonates compared with AGA neonates. Thus, it appears that the intrauterine activation of the sympathetic system in SGA fetuses does not directly persist into postnatal life, and neonatal sympathovagal balance appears to be preserved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00318.2007
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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