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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of somatostatin infusion on peptide YY secretion: studies in the acute and recovery phase of anorexia nervosa and in obesity
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2011
    In:  European Journal of Endocrinology Vol. 165, No. 3 ( 2011-09), p. 421-427
    Details
    In: European Journal of Endocrinology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 165, No. 3 ( 2011-09), p. 421-427
    Abstract: Changes in many gastrointestinal peptides, including the anorexigenic peptide YY (PYY), which is produced by L cells, occur in both anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity (OB). High PYY levels are present in AN, whereas in morbid OB fasting and postprandial PYY secretion is blunted. Somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF)) reportedly inhibits plasma PYY concentrations in animals and healthy humans, but the effect of a SRIF infusion on spontaneous PYY secretion in AN and OB is unknown. Methods A total of 18 young women, seven with acute AN (A-AN), four with AN in the recovery phase (R-AN), and seven with morbid OB, were studied. All subjects underwent an infusion of SRIF (9 μg/kg i.v./h, over 60 min), with blood samples drawn before and at different time intervals after SRIF administration. Plasma PYY levels were measured at each time point. Results SRIF significantly inhibited plasma PYY concentrations in R-AN and OB, without affecting PYY titers in A-AN. In OB, the inhibitory effect of SRIF also persisted at 90 min. Withdrawal of SRIF infusion in R-AN resulted in a prompt restoration of basal plasma PYY levels, whereas termination of SRIF infusion in OB was followed by a slower increase of PYY titers toward baseline levels. After infusion, PYY Δ area under the curve (ΔAUC) in R-AN was significantly higher than those in A-AN and OB patients. A significant difference in PYY ΔAUC between A-AN and OB was present. Conclusions These results suggest the existence of a hypo- and hyper-sensitivity of L cells to the inhibitory effect of SRIF in A-AN and OB respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0804-4643 , 1479-683X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1530/EJE-11-0312
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 2
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    Induction of follicle maturation and ovulation by gonadotropin administration in women with β-thalassemia
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1994
    In:  European Journal of Endocrinology Vol. 131, No. 6 ( 1994-12), p. 602-606
    Details
    In: European Journal of Endocrinology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 131, No. 6 ( 1994-12), p. 602-606
    Abstract: Danesi L, Scacchi M, Miragoli AM, Pincelli AI, Dubini A, Maiolo AT, Cavagnini F, Polli EE. Induction of follicle maturation and ovulation by gonadotropin administration in women with β-thalassemia, Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:602–6. ISSN 0804–4643 The objective of this paper was to assess the ability of gonadotropin administration to induce ovarian steroidogenesis, follicle maturation and ovulation in hypogonadal women affected by β-thalassemia. Thirteen hypogonadal thalassemic women underwent a test with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), with estimation of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. They were then administered human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for a period ranging from 11 to 15 days with a total dose variable from 3300 to 4200 IU. In each patient, the initial dosage of 300 IU daily, adopted for the first 9 days, was modified subsequently according to the ovarian morphology, as shown by serial echographic examinations and by serum estradiol levels. In those patients in whom a dominant follicle was evidenced and the occurrence of pregnancy could be excluded, induction of ovulation was attempted by administration of 10000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). All patients displayed a reduced LH and FSH rise in response to GnRH. Upon hMG administration, they exhibited echographic evidence of follicular growth with a clear-cut increase of serum estradiol, which peaked between the 9th and the 16th day from the start of treatment. In two out of three patients in whom a dominant follicle developed, ovulation was induced successfully by hCG injection, as shown by the increase of serum progesterone and by the ultrasonographic demonstration of a corpus luteum. This study has shown that, by proper pharmacological stimulation, the steroidogenic function of the gonads and even ovulation can be reinstated in hypogonadal thalassemic women. A hypothalamic/pituitary defect appears to be the main cause of amenorrhea in these patients, although a condition of ovarian resistance is also likely. Francesco Cavagnini, 2nd Chair of Endocrinology, University of Milan, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Luca, Centro Auxologico Italiano, via Spagnoletto 3, 20149 Milano, Italy
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0804-4643 , 1479-683X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1310602
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1485160-X
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Lack of growth hormone response to acute administration of dexamethasone in anorexia nervosa
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1995
    In:  European Journal of Endocrinology Vol. 132, No. 2 ( 1995-02), p. 152-158
    Details
    In: European Journal of Endocrinology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 132, No. 2 ( 1995-02), p. 152-158
    Abstract: Scacchi M, Invitti C, Pincelli AI, Pandolfi C, Dubini A, Cavagnini F. Lack of growth hormone response to acute administration of dexamethasone in anorexia nervosa. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:152–8. ISSN 0804–4643 High plasma growth hormone (GH) levels, associated with abnormal hormone responses to provocative stimuli, point to an altered GH secretion in anorexia nervosa. The GH-releasing effect of acutely administered glucocorticoids, firmly established in normal subjects, has not been reported in these patients. In this study, acute iv administration of 4 mg of dexamethasone, compared with saline, increased plasma GH in nine normal-weight women (AUC 848.2 ± 127.95 vs 242.8 ± 55.35 μg·l −1 ·min −1 , p 〈 0.05, respectively) but was ineffective in 11 anorectic patients (AUC 3271.8 ± 1407.11 vs 2780.0 ± 1162.04 μg·l −1 ·min −1 , NS). After dexamethasone, a significant lowering of plasma cortisol was observed in normal women (AUC 25367.0 ± 3128.43 vs 47347.1 ± 4456.61 nmol·l −1 ·min −1 , after dexamethasone and saline, respectively, p 〈 0.05), but not in anorectic patients (AUC 77809.3 ± 8499.92 vs 78454.9 ± 7603.62 nmol·l −1 ·min −1 , NS). In both groups, plasma adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) displayed a significant decrease after dexamethasone (AUC 523.6 ± 92.08 vs 874.2 ± 115.03 pmol·l −1 ·min −1 , p 〈 0.05, after dexamethasone and saline, respectively, in anorectic patients and 377.5 ± 38.41 vs 1004.9 ± 200.51 pmol·l −1 ·min −1 , p 〈 0.05, in controls). However, when considering the hormonal decremental areas, a significant dexamethasone-induced ACTH inhibition, compared to saline, was evidenced in normal (ΔAUC –414.4 ± 65.75 vs 222.9 ± 42.40 pmol·l −1 ·min −1 , p 〈 0.05) but not in anorectic women (ΔAUC –254.2 ± 96.92 vs 2.9 ± 132.32 pmol·l −1 ·min −1 , NS). In conclusion, compared to normal subjects, anorectic patients do not display an increase of plasma GH levels and show a lower degree of inhibition of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis following acute iv administration of dexamethasone. This observation broadens the array of the abnormal GH responses to provocative stimuli in anorexia nervosa and supports the existence, in these patients, of a decreased hypothalamic somatostatin secretion, although the possibility of a reduced tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids cannot be excluded. Francesco Cavagnini, 2nd Chair of Endocrinology, University of Milan, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Luca, Centro Auxologico Italiano, via Spagnoletto 3, 20149 Milano, Italy
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0804-4643 , 1479-683X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1320152
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1485160-X
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  • 4
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    Characteristics of a nationwide cohort of patients presenting with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH)
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  European Journal of Endocrinology Vol. 178, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 23-32
    Details
    In: European Journal of Endocrinology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 178, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 23-32
    Abstract: Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a rare disorder with pubertal delay, normal (normoosmic-IHH, nIHH) or defective sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome, KS). Other reproductive and non-reproductive anomalies might be present although information on their frequency are scanty, particularly according to the age of presentation. Design Observational cohort study carried out between January 2008 and June 2016 within a national network of academic or general hospitals. Methods We performed a detailed phenotyping of 503 IHH patients with: (1) manifestations of hypogonadism with low sex steroid hormone and low/normal gonadotropins; (2) absence of expansive hypothalamic/pituitary lesions or multiple pituitary hormone defects. Cohort was divided on IHH onset (PPO, pre-pubertal onset or AO, adult onset) and olfactory function: PPO-nIHH ( n  = 275), KS ( n  = 184), AO-nIHH ( n  = 36) and AO-doIHH (AO-IHH with defective olfaction, n  = 8). Results 90% of patients were classified as PPO and 10% as AO. Typical midline and olfactory defects, bimanual synkinesis and familiarity for pubertal delay were also found among the AO-IHH. Mean age at diagnosis was significantly earlier and more frequently associated with congenital hypogonadism stigmata in patients with Kallmann’s syndrome (KS). Synkinesis, renal and male genital tract anomalies were enriched in KS. Overweight/obesity are significantly associated with AO-IHH rather than PPO-IHH. Conclusions Patients with KS are more prone to develop a severe and complex phenotype than nIHH. The presence of typical extra-gonadal defects and familiarity for PPO-IHH among the AO-IHH patients indicates a common predisposition with variable clinical expression. Overall, these findings improve the understanding of IHH and may have a positive impact on the management of patients and their families.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0804-4643 , 1479-683X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1530/EJE-17-0065
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1485160-X
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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