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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Challenges and successes in the propagation of the S hoebill B alaeniceps rex : with detailed observations from T ampa's L owry P ark Z oo, F lorida
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  International Zoo Yearbook Vol. 48, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 69-82
    Details
    In: International Zoo Yearbook, Wiley, Vol. 48, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 69-82
    Abstract: The S hoebill B alaeniceps rex is categorized as V ulnerable on the I nternational U nion for C onservation of N ature R ed L ist and past estimates of the wild population range from 5000 to fewer than 10 000 birds. The S hoebill S ingle S pecies A ction P lan is currently in review and may better define the number of S hoebills remaining in the wild. The S hoebill population in captivity consists of only 40 [21.18.1 (♂.♀.?)] birds at 16 wildlife institutions worldwide. Successful propagation of species with high conservation value is dependent upon understanding the natural history and conservation needs of the taxon, providing appropriate husbandry, and optimizing health and nutrition. To date, only three Shoebill chicks are known to have been hatched in captivity. The first two hatched in J uly 2008 at P airi D aiza (formerly P arc P aradisio) in B elgium. These chicks were hand reared and are still surviving at the time of writing. On 26 D ecember 2009, T ampa's L owry P ark Z oo, FL , USA , became the first wildlife institution in N orth A merica to hatch a S hoebill chick and just the second institution worldwide. This chick was parent reared with careful monitoring by staff. The chronologies of this hatching as well as other significant experiences are detailed in this article.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0074-9664 , 1748-1090
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/izy.2014.48.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/izy.12038
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 411268-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2236401-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of sleep-induced increases in upper airway resistance on respiratory muscle activity
    American Physiological Society ; 1991
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 70, No. 1 ( 1991-01-01), p. 158-168
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 70, No. 1 ( 1991-01-01), p. 158-168
    Abstract: To investigate the response of inspiratory and expiratory muscles to naturally occurring inspiratory resistive loads in the absence of conscious control, five male "snorers" were studied during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep with and without continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Diaphragm (EMGdi) and scalene (EMGsc) electromyographic activity were monitored with surface electrodes and abdominal EMG activity (EMGab) with wire electrodes. Subjects were studied in the following conditions: 1) awake, 2) stage 2 sleep, 3) stage 3/4 sleep, 4) CPAP during stage 3/4 sleep, 5) CPAP plus end-tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2) isocapnic to stage 2 sleep, and 6) CPAP plus PETCO2 isocapnic to stage 3/4 sleep. Inspired pulmonary resistance (RL) at peak flow rate and PETCO2 increased in all stages of sleep. Activity of EMGdi, EMGsc, and EMGab increased significantly in stage 3/4 sleep. CPAP reduced RL at peak flow, increased tidal volume and expired ventilation, and reduced PETCO2. EMGdi and EMGsc were reduced, and EMGab was silenced. During CPAP, with CO2 added to make PETCO2 isocapnic to stage 3/4 sleep, EMGsc and EMGab increased, but EMGdi was augmented in only one-half of the trials. EMG activity in this condition, however, was only 75% (EMGsc) and 43% (EMGab) of the activity observed during eupneic breathing in stage 3/4 sleep when PETCO2 was equal but RL was much higher. We conclude that during NREM sleep 1) inspiratory and expiratory muscles respond to internal inspiratory resistive loads and the associated dynamic airway narrowing and turbulent flow developed throughout inspiration, 2) some of the augmentation of respiratory muscle activity is also due to the hypercapnia that accompanies loading, and 3) the abdominal muscles are the most sensitive to load and CO2 and the diaphragm is the least sensitive.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1991.70.1.158
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of sleep-induced increases in upper airway resistance on ventilation
    American Physiological Society ; 1990
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 69, No. 2 ( 1990-08-01), p. 617-624
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 69, No. 2 ( 1990-08-01), p. 617-624
    Abstract: To determine the effects of the sleep-induced increases in upper airway resistance on ventilatory output, we studied five subjects who were habitual snorers but otherwise normal while awake (AW) and during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep under the following conditions: 1) stage 2, low-resistance sleep (LRS); 2) stage 3-4, high-resistance sleep (HRS) (snoring); 3) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); 4) CPAP + end-tidal CO2 partial pressure (PETCO2) mode isocapnic to LRS; and 5) CPAP + PETCO2 isocapnic to HRS. We measured ventilatory output via pneumotachograph in the nasal mask, PETCO2, esophageal pressure, inspiratory and expiratory resistance (RL,I and RL,E). Changes in PETCO2 were confirmed with PCO2 measurements in arterialized venous blood in all conditions in one subject. During wakefulness, pulmonary resistance (RL) remained constant throughout inspiration, whereas in stage 2 and especially in stage 3-4 NREM sleep, RL rose markedly throughout inspiration. Expired minute ventilation (VE) decreased by 12% in HRS, and PETCO2 increased in LRS (3.3 Torr) and HRS (4.9 Torr). CPAP decreased RL,I to AW levels and increased end-expiratory lung volume 0.25-0.93 liter. Tidal volume (VT) and mean inspiratory flow rate (VT/TI) increased significantly with CPAP. Inspiratory time (TI) shortened, and PETCO2 decreased 3.6 Torr but remained 1.3 Torr above AW. During CPAP (RL,I equal to AW), with PETCO2 returned to the level of LRS, VT/TI and VE were 83 and 52% higher than during LRS alone. Also on CPAP, with PETCO2 made equal to HRS, VT, VT/TI, and VE were 67, 112, and 67% higher than during HRS alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1990.69.2.617
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Functional cooperation between the neural adhesion molecules L1 and N-CAM is carbohydrate dependent.
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1990
    In:  The Journal of cell biology Vol. 110, No. 1 ( 1990-01-01), p. 209-218
    Details
    In: The Journal of cell biology, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 110, No. 1 ( 1990-01-01), p. 209-218
    Abstract: The neural cell adhesion molecules L1 and N-CAM have been suggested to interact functionally by formation of a complex between the two molecules (Kadmon, G., A. Kowitz, P. Altevogt, and M. Schachner. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 110:193-208). To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying this functional cooperation, we have studied the contribution of carbohydrates to the association of the two molecules at the cell surface. Aggregation or adhesion between L1- and N-CAM-positive neuroblastoma N2A cells was reduced when the synthesis of complex and/or hybrid glycans was modified by castanospermine. Fab fragments of polyclonal antibodies to L1 inhibited aggregation and adhesion of castanospermine-treated cells almost completely, whereas untreated cells were inhibited by approximately 50%. Fab fragments of polyclonal antibodies to N-CAM did not interfere with the interaction between castanospermine-treated cells, whereas they inhibited aggregation or adhesion of untreated cells by approximately 50%. These findings indicate that cell interactions depending both on L1 and N-CAM ("assisted homophilic" binding) can be reduced to an L1-dominated interaction ("homophilic binding"). Treatment of cells with the carbohydrate synthesis inhibitor swainsonine did not modify cell aggregation in the absence or presence of antibodies compared with untreated cells, indicating that castanospermine-sensitive, but swainsonine-insensitive glycans are involved. To investigate whether the appropriate carbohydrate composition is required for an association of L1 and N-CAM in the surface membrane (cis-interaction) or between L1 on one side and L1 and N-CAM on the other side of interacting partner cells (trans-interaction), an L1-positive lymphoid tumor cell line was coaggregated with and adhered to neuroblastoma cells in the various combinations of castanospermine-treated and untreated cells. The results show that it is the cis-interaction between L1 and N-CAM that depends on the appropriate carbohydrate structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9525 , 1540-8140
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1083/jcb.110.1.209
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1421310-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM enhances L1-dependent cell-cell interactions.
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1990
    In:  The Journal of cell biology Vol. 110, No. 1 ( 1990-01-01), p. 193-208
    Details
    In: The Journal of cell biology, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 110, No. 1 ( 1990-01-01), p. 193-208
    Abstract: On neural cells, the cell adhesion molecule L1 is generally found coexpressed with N-CAM. The two molecules have been suggested, but not directly shown, to affect each other's function. To investigate the possible functional relationship between the two molecules, we have characterized the adhesive interactions between the purified molecules and between cultured cells expressing them. Latex beads were coated with purified L1 and found to aggregate slowly. N-CAM-coated beads did not aggregate, but did so after addition of heparin. Beads coated with both L1 and N-CAM aggregated better than L1-coated beads. Strongest aggregation was achieved when L1-coated beads were incubated together with beads carrying both L1 and N-CAM. In a binding assay, the complex of L1 and N-CAM bound strongly to immobilized L1, but not to the cell adhesion molecules J1 or myelin-associated glycoprotein. N-CAM alone did not bind to these glycoproteins. Cerebellar neurones adhered to and sent out processes on L1 immobilized on nitrocellulose. N-CAM was less effective as substrate. Neurones interacted most efficiently with the immobilized complex of L1 and N-CAM. They adhered to this complex even when its concentration was at least 10 times lower than the lowest concentration of L1 found to promote adhesion. The complex became adhesive for cells only when the two glycoproteins were preincubated together for approximately 30 min before their immobilization on nitrocellulose. The adhesive properties between cells that express L1 only or both L1 and N-CAM were also studied. ESb-MP cells, which are L1-positive, but N-CAM negative, aggregated slowly under low Ca2+. Their aggregation could be completely inhibited by antibodies to L1 and enhanced by addition of soluble N-CAM to the cells before aggregation. N2A cells, which are L1 and N-CAM positive aggregated well under low Ca2+. Their aggregation was partially inhibited by either L1 or N-CAM antibodies and almost completely by the combination of both antibodies. N2A and ESb-MP cells coaggregated rapidly and their interaction was similarly inhibited by L1 and N-CAM antibodies. These results indicate that L1 is involved in two types of binding mechanisms. In one type, L1 serves as its own receptor with slow binding kinetics. In the other, L1 is modulated in the presence of N-CAM on one cell (cis-binding) to form a more potent receptor complex for L1 on another cell (trans-binding).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9525 , 1540-8140
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1083/jcb.110.1.193
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1421310-2
    SSG: 12
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