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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Complex intrachromosomal rearrangement in the process of amplification of the L-myc gene in small-cell lung cancer.
    Informa UK Limited ; 1992
    In:  Molecular and Cellular Biology Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 1992-04), p. 1747-1754
    Details
    In: Molecular and Cellular Biology, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 1992-04), p. 1747-1754
    Abstract: The L-myc gene was first isolated from a human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line on the basis of its amplification and sequence similarity to c-myc and N-myc. A new mechanism of L-myc activation which results from the production of rlf-L-myc fusion protein was recently reported. On the basis of our earlier observation of a rearrangement involving amplified L-myc in an SCLC cell line, ACC-LC-49, we decided to investigate this rearrangement in detail along with the structure of L-myc amplification units in five additional SCLC cell lines. We report here the identification of a novel genomic region, termed jal, which is distinct from rlf and is juxtaposed to and amplified with L-myc during the process of DNA amplification of the region encompassing L-myc. Long-range analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the amplified L-myc locus is involved in highly complex intrachromosomal rearrangements with jal and/or rlf. Our results also suggest that the simultaneous presence of rearrangements both in rlf intron 1 and in regions immediately upstream of L-myc may be necessary for the expression of rlf-L-myc chimeric transcripts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-7306 , 1098-5549
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/MCB.12.4.1747
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474919-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inhomogeneous response of expiratory muscle activity to cold block of the ventral medullary surface
    American Physiological Society ; 1991
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 71, No. 5 ( 1991-11-01), p. 1723-1728
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 71, No. 5 ( 1991-11-01), p. 1723-1728
    Abstract: We assessed the effects of cooling the ventral medullary surface (VMS) on the activity of chest wall and abdominal expiratory muscles in eight anesthetized artificially ventilated dogs after vagotomy and denervation of the carotid sinus nerves. Electromyograms (EMGs) of the triangularis sterni, internal intercostal, abdominal external oblique, abdominal internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles were measured with EMG of the diaphragm as an index of inspiratory activity. Bilateral localized cooling (2 x 2 mm) in the thermosensitive intermediate part of the VMS produced temperature-dependent reduction in the EMG of diaphragm and abdominal muscles. The rib cage expiratory EMGs were little affected at 25 degrees C; their amplitudes decreased at lower VMS temperatures (less than 20 degrees C) but by significantly fewer degrees than the diaphragmatic and abdominal expiratory EMGs at a constant VMS temperature. With moderate to severe cooling (less than 20 degrees C) diaphragmatic EMG disappeared, but rib cage expiratory EMGs became tonic and resumed a phasic pattern shortly before the recovery of diaphragmatic EMG during rewarming of the VMS. These results indicate that the effects of cooling the VMS differ between the activity of rib cage and abdominal expiratory muscles. This variability may be due to inhomogeneous inputs from the VMS to expiratory motoneurons or to a different responsiveness of various expiratory motoneurons to the same input either from the VMS or the inspiratory neurons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1991.71.5.1723
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cataract in atomic bomb survivors
    Informa UK Limited ; 2004
    In:  International Journal of Radiation Biology Vol. 80, No. 5 ( 2004-05), p. 339-345
    Details
    In: International Journal of Radiation Biology, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 80, No. 5 ( 2004-05), p. 339-345
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0955-3002 , 1362-3095
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/09553000410001680332
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498203-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inflection points of lung pressure-volume curves using a three-balloon-catheter system
    American Physiological Society ; 1979
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 47, No. 5 ( 1979-11-01), p. 931-937
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 47, No. 5 ( 1979-11-01), p. 931-937
    Abstract: We measured the pressure-volume curves (PV curves) of the lung simultaneously at three levels in the esophagus below the tracheal bifurcation using the three-short-balloon-catheter system in 11 normal seated men and compared the inflection points (IP's) of three PV curves with the closing volume (CV) on the single-breath nitrogen washout curve. The mean pressure gradient from the top of the uppermost balloon to the top of the lowermost balloon (10 cm apart) was 0.58 +/- 0.06 cmH2O/cm at 60% total lung capacity (TLC). The IP was dependent on depth within the esophagus; i.e., the lung volume at IP (VIP) of the uppermost balloon was the smallest and the transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) at IP (PIP) of that balloon was the largest of the three IP's. VIP's were significantly larger than CV's and the mean absolute difference between the VIP of the uppermost balloon and the closing capacity (CC) was 0.9 liter. These results suggest that IP may not exactly reflect airway closure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1979.47.5.931
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1979
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of ventilatory frequency on regional transpulmonary pressure in normal adults
    American Physiological Society ; 1981
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 51, No. 3 ( 1981-09-01), p. 678-685
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 51, No. 3 ( 1981-09-01), p. 678-685
    Abstract: The relation between the ventilatory frequency and the elastic (delta Pel) or resistive (delta Prs) components of changes of the regional pleural pressure (delta PL) was studied at functional residual capacity (FRC) in six normal adults. The regional delta PL was measured simultaneously at three levels in the esophagus using a three-balloon-catheter system. Elastic components of regional delta PL normalized by overall tidal volume (delta Pel/delta V) increased with frequency at all three balloon positions; the percentages of delta Pel/delta V at 60 breaths/min to those at zero frequency were 107, 119, and 157% in the upper, middle, and lower balloon, respectively. The resistive component of regional delta PL normalized by overall air flow (delta Prs/delta V) did not show significant dependence on frequency at any of the three positions and was almost the same everywhere. It is suggested that the increase of local delta Pel with frequency might reflect mainly the frequency dependence of local dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and that the change of the local Cdyn with frequency might be larger in dependent than in upper lung.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1981.51.3.678
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1981
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of bronchoconstriction and external resistive loading on the sensation of dyspnea
    American Physiological Society ; 1991
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 71, No. 6 ( 1991-12-01), p. 2183-2190
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 71, No. 6 ( 1991-12-01), p. 2183-2190
    Abstract: To determine whether the intensity of dyspnea at a given level of respiratory motor output differs between bronchoconstriction and the presence of an external resistance, we compared the sensation of difficulty in breathing during isocapnic voluntary hyperventilation in six normal subjects. An external resistance of 1.9 cmH2O.1–1.s was applied during both inspiration and expiration. To induce bronchoconstriction, histamine aerosol (5 mg/ml) was inhaled until airway resistance (Raw) increased to a level approximately equal to the subject's control Raw plus the added external resistance. To clarify the role of vagal afferents on the genesis of dyspnea during both forms of obstruction to airflow, the effect of airway anesthesia by lidocaine aerosol inhalation was also examined after histamine and during external resistive loading. The sensation of difficulty in breathing was rated at 30-s intervals on a visual analog scale during isocapnic voluntary hyperpnea, in which the subjects were asked to copy an oscilloscope volume trace obtained previously during progressive hypercapnia. Histamine inhalation significantly increased the intensity of the dyspneic sensation over the equivalent external resistive load at the same levels of ventilation and occlusion pressure during voluntary hyperpnea. Inhaled lidocaine decreased the sensation of dyspnea during bronchoconstriction with no change in Raw, but it did not significantly change the sensation during external resistive loading. These results suggest that afferent vagal activity plays a role in the genesis of dyspnea during bronchoconstriction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1991.71.6.2183
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ventilatory response to phasic contraction and passive movement in graded anesthesia
    American Physiological Society ; 1986
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 61, No. 1 ( 1986-07-01), p. 91-97
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 61, No. 1 ( 1986-07-01), p. 91-97
    Abstract: The ventilatory response to electrically induced contraction (EIC) and passive movement (PM) of hindlimb muscles at different levels of anesthesia was studied in 11 chloralose-urethan anesthetized dogs with and without rhizotomy. The level of anesthesia was assessed by corneal reflexes and measurements of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia. Muscle contraction was induced by electrically stimulating the peripheral cut ends of the sciatic and femoral nerves for 4–5 min, and PM was induced manually at the same frequency and amplitude as during EIC. In spinal intact dogs (n = 7), initial rapid increases in minute ventilation (VE) during EIC and PM were found in both light and deep anesthesia. Further increases in VE above the initial rise were seen during EIC but not PM. The initial rapid increases in VE did not differ between the two anesthetic levels. The steady-state ventilatory response during EIC decreased as anesthesia deepened but did not do so during PM. Rhizotomy (n = 4) abolished the initial rapid increase in VE during EIC and PM and the steady-state VE response to PM at both anesthetic levels. These results suggest that the transitional ventilatory response is neurally mediated from the muscles and not affected by the level of general anesthesia. Additionally, the anesthesia-induced reduction of ventilatory response may be due to depression of responsiveness to CO2 rather than to the inspiratory motoneuron pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1986.61.1.91
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1986
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response to hypercapnia and exercise hyperpnea in graded anesthesia
    American Physiological Society ; 1984
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 57, No. 6 ( 1984-12-01), p. 1796-1802
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 57, No. 6 ( 1984-12-01), p. 1796-1802
    Abstract: We examined the relationship between response to hypercapnia and ventilatory response to exercise under graded anesthesia in eight dogs. The response to hypercapnia was measured by the CO2 rebreathing method under three grades of chloralose-urethan anesthesia. The degrees of response to hypercapnia (delta VE/delta PETCO2, 1 X min-1 X Torr-1) in light (L), moderate (M), and deep (D) anesthesia were 0.40 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SE), 0.24 +/- 0.03, and 0.10 +/- 0.02, respectively, and were significantly different from each other. Under each grade of anesthesia, exercise was performed by electrically stimulating the bilateral femoral and sciatic nerves for 4 min. The time to reach 63% of full response of the increase in ventilation (tauVE) after beginning of exercise was 28.3 +/- 1.5, 38.1 +/- 5.2, and 56.0 +/- 6.1 s in L, M, and D, respectively. During steady-state exercise, minute ventilation (VE) in L, M, and D significantly increased to 6.17 +/- 0.39, 5.14 +/- 0.30, and 3.41 +/- 0.16 1 X min-1, from resting values of 3.93 +/- 0.34, 2.97 +/- 0.17, and 1.69 +/- 0.14 1 X min-1, respectively, while end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2) in L decreased significantly to 34.8 +/- 0.9 from 35.7 +/- 0.9, did not change in M (38.9 +/- 1.1 from 38.9 +/- 0.8), and increased significantly in D to 47.3 +/- 1.9 from 45.1 +/- 1.7 Torr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1984.57.6.1796
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1984
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
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    SSG: 31
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of airway anesthesia on ventilatory responses to graded dead spaces and CO2
    American Physiological Society ; 1988
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 64, No. 5 ( 1988-05-01), p. 1885-1892
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 64, No. 5 ( 1988-05-01), p. 1885-1892
    Abstract: Ventilatory response to graded external dead space (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 2.5 liters) with hyperoxia and CO2 steady-state inhalation (3, 5, 7, and 8% CO2 in O2) was studied before and after 4% lidocaine aerosol inhalation in nine healthy males. The mean ventilatory response (delta VE/delta PETCO2, where VE is minute ventilation and PETCO2 is end-tidal PCO2) to graded dead space before airway anesthesia was 10.2 +/- 4.6 (SD) l.min-1.Torr-1, which was significantly greater than the steady-state CO2 response (1.4 +/- 0.6 l.min-1.Torr-1, P less than 0.001). Dead-space loading produced greater oscillation in airway PCO2 than did CO2 gas loading. After airway anesthesia, ventilatory response to graded dead space decreased significantly, to 2.1 +/- 0.6 l.min-1.Torr-1 (P less than 0.01) but was still greater than that to CO2. The response to CO2 did not significantly differ (1.3 +/- 0.5 l.min-1.Torr-1). Tidal volume, mean inspiratory flow, respiratory frequency, inspiratory time, and expiratory time during dead-space breathing were also depressed after airway anesthesia, particularly during large dead-space loading. On the other hand, during CO2 inhalation, these respiratory variables did not significantly differ before and after airway anesthesia. These results suggest that in conscious humans vagal airway receptors play a role in the ventilatory response to graded dead space and control of the breathing pattern during dead-space loading by detecting the oscillation in airway PCO2. These receptors do not appear to contribute to the ventilatory response to inhaled CO2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1988.64.5.1885
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1988
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of pharyngeal lubrication on the opening of obstructed upper airway
    American Physiological Society ; 1992
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 72, No. 6 ( 1992-06-01), p. 2311-2316
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 72, No. 6 ( 1992-06-01), p. 2311-2316
    Abstract: We examined the effect of electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve and pharyngeal lubrication with artificial surfactant (Surfactant T-A) on the opening of obstructed upper airway in nine anesthetized supine dogs. The upper airway was isolated from the lower airway by transecting the cervical trachea. Upper airway obstruction was induced by applying constant negative pressures (5, 10, 20, and 30 cmH2O) on the rostral cut end of the trachea. Peripheral cut ends of the hypoglossal nerves were electrically stimulated by square-wave pulses at various frequencies from 10 to 30 Hz (0.2-ms duration, 5–7 V), and the critical stimulating frequency necessary for opening the obstructed upper airway was measured at each driving pressure before and after pharyngeal lubrication with artificial surfactant. The critical stimulation frequency for upper airway opening significantly increased as upper airway pressure became more negative and significantly decreased with lubrication of the upper airway. These findings suggest that greater muscle tone of the genioglossus is needed to open the occluded upper airway with larger negative intraluminal pressure and that lubrication of the pharyngeal mucosa with artificial surfactant facilitates reopening of the upper airway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1992.72.6.2311
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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