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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A second update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Vol. 621, No. 7977 ( 2023-09-07), p. E7-E26
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 621, No. 7977 ( 2023-09-07), p. E7-E26
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06355-3
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Nature Vol. 600, No. 7889 ( 2021-12-16), p. 472-477
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 600, No. 7889 ( 2021-12-16), p. 472-477
    Abstract: The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 1,2 , host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases 3–7 . They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Opposing population trends of fork‐tailed swallows and reddish‐coloured swallows in our changing world
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Evolutionary Biology Vol. 34, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 331-338
    Details
    In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 331-338
    Abstract: Sexual selection can in theory lead to positive and negative effect on population‐level fitness and hence population increase/decline in our changing world, but the empirical evidence is scarce. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, we examined whether and how different sexually selected ornaments affect recent population trends and extinction risk in swallows (Aves: Hirundininae). We found that population trends decreased with increasing depth of male tails, that is a well‐known sexually selected trait, and increased with increasing score of reddish plumage coloration, another sexually selected ornament. Similar contrasting patterns were observed for extinction risk. These findings indicate ornament‐specific population trends and extinction risk, perhaps due to the differential costs and benefits of ornamentation. Previous studies have mostly focused on the overall effects of sexual selection by combining different kinds of traits, presumed to be sexually selected. However, as predicted by theory, sexual selection would not be a process with the same universal effect on population dynamics as we found here. Divergent ecological consequences would occur through minor differences in sexual selection, which should not be dismissed in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1010-061X , 1420-9101
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jeb.v34.2
    DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13736
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 92624-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1465318-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fork tails evolved differently in swallows and swifts
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Evolutionary Biology Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 911-919
    Details
    In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Wiley, Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 911-919
    Abstract: Whether sexual or viability selection drives the evolution of ornamental traits is often unclear because current function does not clarify evolutionary history, particularly when the ornamentation is a modified version of the functional traits. Here, using a phylogenetic comparative approach, we studied how deeply forked tails—a classic example of sexually selected traits that might also be a mechanical device for enhancing aerodynamic ability—evolved in two groups of aerial foragers, swallows (family: Hirundinidae) and swifts (family: Apodidae). Although apparent fork depth, the target of sexual selection, increases with increasing outermost tail feather length, fork depth can also increase with decreasing central tail feather length, which impairs the lift generated by the tail. Thus, we predicted that sexual selection, but not viability selection, should favour the evolution of short central tail feathers in species with deeply forked tails, particularly in swifts, which are less reliant on the lift generated by their tail than in swallows. We found support for these predictions because central tail feather length decreased with increasing tail fork depth, particularly in swifts. Instead, the increase in outermost tail feather length per unit tail fork depth was higher in swallows than in swifts, indicating that a similar sexual ornamentation (i.e. forked tails) differently evolved in these two aerial insectivores perhaps due to the differential cost of ornamentation. We also found support for an optical illusion that changes the relative importance of central and outermost tail feather length in sexual selection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1010-061X , 1420-9101
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jeb.v33.7
    DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13622
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 92624-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1465318-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Negative interplay of tail and throat ornaments at pair formation in male barn swallows
    Brill ; 2017
    In:  Behaviour Vol. 154, No. 7-8 ( 2017-08-31), p. 835-851
    Details
    In: Behaviour, Brill, Vol. 154, No. 7-8 ( 2017-08-31), p. 835-851
    Abstract: Pair formation is indispensable for breeding in monogamous species, generating selection for male traits that increase the probability of pairing success. Male ornamentation is one such trait, and several empirical studies have shown the importance of each of multiple ornaments. Still, it remains unclear how multiple ornaments in combination affect the probability of pair formation. Using the Japanese barn swallow, Hirundo rustica gutturalis , we studied the interplay of two sexually selected male traits, tail length and throat coloration, during pair formation. Independent of other morphological, ornamental and abiotic variables, the probability of pair formation was predicted by the negative interplay between tail length and plumage colour saturation: males possessing more-colourful plumage with shorter tails or males possessing less-colourful plumage with longer tails had a higher probability of pair formation than others. The current findings may explain spatiotemporal variation in ornamentation and sexual selection in this model species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0005-7959 , 1568-539X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1163/1568539X-00003446
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Brill
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007939-4
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental manipulation of female tail length did not cause differential allocation by males in the barn swallow
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Ethology Vol. 124, No. 2 ( 2018-02), p. 113-121
    Details
    In: Ethology, Wiley, Vol. 124, No. 2 ( 2018-02), p. 113-121
    Abstract: The evolution and maintenance of female ornamentation has attracted increasing attention, because the previous explanation, that is a non‐functional copy of functional male ornamentation, seems insufficient to explain female ornamentation. A post‐mating sexual selection, differential allocation, may be more common than pre‐mating sexual selection, but few studies have investigated differential allocation by males. Here, we studied differential allocation of incubation investment by male barn swallows Hirundo rustica , a model species for the study of sexual selection, because our previous correlative study demonstrated a positive relationship between female tail length and male incubation investment. We manipulated the length of the outermost tail feathers in females after clutch completion and examined whether males adjust incubation investment according to female ornamentation. Because extra‐pair paternity is virtually absent in the study population, we were able to study differential allocation based on the tradeoff between current and future reproductive investments, rather than the tradeoff between current paternal investment and additional mating effort. The experimental treatment had no significant effect on male nest attentiveness, whereas female tail length before manipulation predicted male nest attentiveness. The observed pattern is consistent with differential access; that is, well‐ornamented individuals have greater access to mates with high reproductive (parental) ability, rather than differential allocation during incubation. Alternatively, males can directly assess eggs in their nests, and thus, as seen in other species, males might adjust their incubation investment based on the egg characteristics of long‐tailed females.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0179-1613 , 1439-0310
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/eth.2018.124.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/eth.12711
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020221-0
    SSG: 22
    SSG: 12,22
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physiological conditions and genetic controls of phaeomelanin pigmentation in nestling barn swallows
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2017
    In:  Behavioral Ecology Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2017-05-01), p. 706-716
    Details
    In: Behavioral Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2017-05-01), p. 706-716
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1045-2249 , 1465-7279
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx012
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496189-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GABA from vasopressin neurons regulates the time at which suprachiasmatic nucleus molecular clocks enable circadian behavior
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 118, No. 6 ( 2021-02-09)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, No. 6 ( 2021-02-09)
    Abstract: The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central circadian pacemaker in mammals, is a network structure composed of multiple types of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons and glial cells. However, the roles of GABA-mediated signaling in the SCN network remain controversial. Here, we report noticeable impairment of the circadian rhythm in mice with a specific deletion of the vesicular GABA transporter in arginine vasopressin (AVP)-producing neurons. These mice showed disturbed diurnal rhythms of GABA A receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in SCN neurons and marked lengthening of the activity time in circadian behavioral rhythms due to the extended interval between morning and evening locomotor activities. Synchrony of molecular circadian oscillations among SCN neurons did not significantly change, whereas the phase relationships between SCN molecular clocks and circadian morning/evening locomotor activities were altered significantly, as revealed by PER2::LUC imaging of SCN explants and in vivo recording of intracellular Ca 2+ in SCN AVP neurons. In contrast, daily neuronal activity in SCN neurons in vivo clearly showed a bimodal pattern that correlated with dissociated morning/evening locomotor activities. Therefore, GABAergic transmission from AVP neurons regulates the timing of SCN neuronal firing to temporally restrict circadian behavior to appropriate time windows in SCN molecular clocks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010168118
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe mediate the anticataplectic action of orexin neurons by reducing amygdala activity
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2017
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 114, No. 17 ( 2017-04-25)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, No. 17 ( 2017-04-25)
    Abstract: Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder caused by the loss of orexin (hypocretin)-producing neurons and marked by excessive daytime sleepiness and a sudden weakening of muscle tone, or cataplexy, often triggered by strong emotions. In a mouse model for narcolepsy, we previously demonstrated that serotonin neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) mediate the suppression of cataplexy-like episodes (CLEs) by orexin neurons. Using an optogenetic tool, in this paper we show that the acute activation of DRN serotonin neuron terminals in the amygdala, but not in nuclei involved in regulating rapid eye-movement sleep and atonia, suppressed CLEs. Not only did stimulating serotonin nerve terminals reduce amygdala activity, but the chemogenetic inhibition of the amygdala using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs also drastically decreased CLEs, whereas chemogenetic activation increased them. Moreover, the optogenetic inhibition of serotonin nerve terminals in the amygdala blocked the anticataplectic effects of orexin signaling in DRN serotonin neurons. Taken together, the results suggest that DRN serotonin neurons, as a downstream target of orexin neurons, inhibit cataplexy by reducing the activity of amygdala as a center for emotional processing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614552114
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular Cloning and Expression of Murine Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chains
    Elsevier BV ; 1997
    In:  Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Vol. 232, No. 2 ( 1997-03), p. 313-316
    Details
    In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Elsevier BV, Vol. 232, No. 2 ( 1997-03), p. 313-316
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6281
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461396-7
    SSG: 12
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