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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Detection of Bartonella spp. in wild carnivores, hyraxes, hedgehog and rodents from Israel
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  Parasitology Vol. 143, No. 10 ( 2016-09), p. 1232-1242
    Details
    In: Parasitology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 143, No. 10 ( 2016-09), p. 1232-1242
    Abstract: Bartonella infection was explored in wild animals from Israel. Golden jackals ( Canis aureus ), red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ), rock hyraxes ( Procavia capensis ), southern white-breasted hedgehogs ( Erinaceus concolor ), social voles ( Microtus socialis ), Tristram's jirds ( Meriones tristrami ), Cairo spiny mice ( Acomys cahirinus ), house mice ( Mus musculus ) and Indian crested porcupines ( Hystrix indica ) were sampled and screened by molecular and isolation methods. Bartonella -DNA was detected in 46 animals: 9/70 (13%) golden jackals, 2/11 (18%) red foxes, 3/35 (9%) rock hyraxes, 1/3 (33%) southern white-breasted hedgehogs, 5/57 (9%) Cairo spiny mice, 25/43 (58%) Tristram's jirds and 1/6 (16%) house mice. Bartonella rochalimae and B. rochalimae- like were widespread among jackals, foxes, hyraxes and jirds. This report represents the first detection of this zoonotic Bartonella sp. in rock hyraxes and golden jackals. Moreover, DNA of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, Bartonella acomydis, Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii and other uncharacterized genotypes were identified. Three different Bartonella strains were isolated from Tristram's jirds, and several genotypes were molecularly detected from these animals. Furthermore, this study reports the first detection of Bartonella infection in a southern hedgehog. Our study indicates that infection with zoonotic and other Bartonella species is widespread among wild animals and stresses their potential threat to public health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-1820 , 1469-8161
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0031182016000603
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 2
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    Bartonella Genotypes in Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) Collected from Rodents in the Negev Desert, Israel
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 76, No. 20 ( 2010-10-15), p. 6864-6869
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 76, No. 20 ( 2010-10-15), p. 6864-6869
    Abstract: Fleas collected from rodents in the Negev Desert in southern Israel were molecularly screened for Bartonella species. A total of 1,148 fleas, collected from 122 rodents belonging to six species, were pooled in 245 pools based on flea species, sex, and rodent host species. Two Bartonella gene fragments, corresponding to RNA polymerase B ( rpoB ) and citrate synthase ( gltA ), were targeted, and 94 and 74 flea pools were found positive by PCR, respectively. The Bartonella 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was also targeted, and 66 flea pools were found to be positive by PCR. Sixteen different Bartonella gltA genotypes were detected in 94 positive flea pools collected from 5 different rodent species, indicating that fleas collected from each rodent species can harbor several Bartonella genotypes. Based on gltA analysis, identified Bartonella genotypes were highly similar or identical to strains previously detected in rodent species from different parts of the world. A gltA fragment 100% similar to Bartonella henselae was detected in one flea pool. Another 2 flea pools contained gltA fragments that were closely related to B. henselae (98% similarity). The high sequence similarities to the zoonotic pathogen B. henselae warrant further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00879-10
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
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  • 3
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    Relationship between the Presence of Bartonella Species and Bacterial Loads in Cats and Cat Fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) under Natural Conditions
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2015
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 81, No. 16 ( 2015-08-15), p. 5613-5621
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 81, No. 16 ( 2015-08-15), p. 5613-5621
    Abstract: Cats are considered the main reservoir of three zoonotic Bartonella species: Bartonella henselae , Bartonella clarridgeiae , and Bartonella koehlerae . Cat fleas ( Ctenocephalides felis ) have been experimentally demonstrated to be a competent vector of B. henselae and have been proposed as the potential vector of the two other Bartonella species. Previous studies have reported a lack of association between the Bartonella species infection status (infected or uninfected) and/or bacteremia levels of cats and the infection status of the fleas they host. Nevertheless, to date, no study has compared the quantitative distributions of these bacteria in both cats and their fleas under natural conditions. Thus, the present study explored these relationships by identifying and quantifying the different Bartonella species in both cats and their fleas. Therefore, EDTA-blood samples and fleas collected from stray cats were screened for Bartonella bacteria. Bacterial loads were quantified by high-resolution melt real-time quantitative PCR assays. The results indicated a moderate correlation between the Bartonella bacterial loads in the cats and their fleas when both were infected with the same Bartonella species. Moreover, a positive effect of the host infection status on the Bartonella bacterial loads of the fleas was observed. Conversely, the cat bacterial loads were not affected by the infection status of their fleas. Our results suggest that the Bartonella bacterial loads of fleas are positively affected by the presence of the bacteria in their feline host, probably by multiple acquisitions/accumulation and/or multiplication events.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01370-15
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
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  • 4
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    High Prevalence of Diverse Insertion Sequences within the rRNA Operons of Mycoplasma bovis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2016
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 82, No. 21 ( 2016-11), p. 6386-6394
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 82, No. 21 ( 2016-11), p. 6386-6394
    Abstract: Insertion sequences (ISs) are widespread in the genome of Mycoplasma bovis strain PG45, but no ISs were identified within its two tandemly positioned rRNA operons ( rrn1 and rrn2 ). However, characterization of the rrn locus in 70 M. bovis isolates revealed the presence of ISs related to the IS Mbov1 (IS 30 family) and IS Mbov4 (IS 4 family) isomers in 35 isolates. ISs were inserted into intergenic region 1 (IGR-1) or IGR-3, which are the putative promoter regions of rrn1 and rrn2 , respectively, and into IGR-5, located downstream of the rrl2 gene. Seven different configurations (A to G) of the rrn locus with respect to ISs were identified, including those in five annotated genomes. The transcriptional start site for the single rrn operon in M. bovis strain 88127 was mapped within IGR-1, 60 bp upstream of the rrs gene. Notably, only 1 nucleotide separated the direct repeat (DR) for IS Mbov1 and the promoter –35 element in configuration D, while in configuration F, the −35 motif was a part of the IS Mbov1 DR. Relative quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR analysis and growth rate comparisons detected a significant increase ( P 〈 0.05) in the expression of the rrs genes and in the number of viable cells during log phase growth (8, 12, and 16 h) in the strains with configuration F in comparison to strains with one or two rrn operons that did not have ISs. A high prevalence of IS elements within or close to the M. bovis rrn operon-promoter region may reflect their important role in regulation of both ribosome synthesis and function. IMPORTANCE Data presented in this study show a high prevalence of diverse ISs within the M. bovis rrn locus resulting in intraspecies variability and diversity. Such abundance of IS elements near or within the rrn locus may offer a selective advantage to M. bovis . Moreover, the fact that expression of the rrs genes as well as the number of viable cells increased in the group of strains with IS element insertion within a putative promoter −35 sequence (configuration F) in comparison to that in strains with one or two rrn operons that do not have ISs may serve as a basis for understanding the possible role of M. bovis IS elements in fundamental biological processes such as regulation of ribosome synthesis and function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01628-16
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
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    Novel evidence suggests that a ‘ R ickettsia felis ‐like’ organism is an endosymbiont of the desert flea, X enopsylla ramesis
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Molecular Ecology Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2015-03), p. 1364-1373
    Details
    In: Molecular Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2015-03), p. 1364-1373
    Abstract: Fleas are acknowledged vectors and reservoirs of various bacteria that present a wide range of pathogenicity. In this study, fleas collected from wild rodents from the Negev desert in southern Israel were tested for Rickettsia DNA by targeting the 16S rRNA ( rrs) gene. Thirty‐eight Xenopsylla ramesis , 91 Synosternus cleopatrae and 15 Leptopsylla flea pools (a total of 568 fleas) were screened. Rickettsia DNA was detected in 100% of the X. ramesis and in one S. cleopatrae flea pools. None of L. algira flea pools was found positive. All positive flea pools were further characterized by sequencing of five additional genetic loci ( gltA , ompB , ompA , htrA and fusA ). The molecular identification of the positive samples showed all sequences to be closely related to the ‘ Rickettsia felis ‐like’ organisms (99–100% similarities in the six loci). To further investigate the association between ‘ R. felis ‐like’ and X. ramesis fleas, ten additional single X. ramesis adult fleas collected from the wild and five laboratory‐maintained X. ramesis imago, five larva pools (2–18 larvae per pool) and two egg pools (18 eggs per pool) were tested for the presence of ‘ R. felis ‐like’ DNA . All samples were found positive by a specific ompA PCR assay, confirming the close association of this Rickettsia species with X. ramesis in all its life stages. These results suggest a symbiotic association between ‘ Rickettsia felis ‐like’ and X. ramesis fleas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-1083 , 1365-294X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mec.2015.24.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/mec.13106
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 6
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    Effects of Bartonella spp. on Flea Feeding and Reproductive Performance
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 79, No. 11 ( 2013-06), p. 3438-3443
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 79, No. 11 ( 2013-06), p. 3438-3443
    Abstract: Numerous pathogens are transmitted from one host to another by hematophagous insect vectors. The interactions between a vector-borne organism and its vector vary in many ways, most of which are yet to be explored and identified. These interactions may play a role in the dynamics of the infection cycle. One way to evaluate these interactions is by studying the effects of the tested organism on the vector. In this study, we tested the effects of infection with Bartonella species on fitness-related variables of fleas by using Bartonella sp. strain OE 1-1, Xenopsylla ramesis fleas, and Meriones crassus jirds as a model system. Feeding parameters, including blood meal size and metabolic rate during digestion, as well as reproductive parameters, including fecundity, fertility, and life span, were compared between fleas experimentally infected with Bartonella and uninfected fleas. In addition, the developmental time, sex ratio, and body size of F 1 offspring fleas were compared between the two groups. Most tested parameters did not differ between infected and uninfected fleas. However, F 1 males produced by Bartonella- positive females were significantly smaller than F 1 males produced by Bartonella -negative female fleas. The findings in this study suggest that bartonellae are well adapted to their flea vectors, and by minimally affecting their fitness they have evolved to better spread themselves in the natural environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00442-13
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
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  • 7
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    Untangling the knots: Co‐infection and diversity of Bartonella from wild gerbils and their associated fleas
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Molecular Ecology Vol. 27, No. 23 ( 2018-12), p. 4787-4807
    Details
    In: Molecular Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 23 ( 2018-12), p. 4787-4807
    Abstract: Based on molecular data, previous studies have suggested a high overall diversity and co‐infection rates of Bartonella bacteria in wild rodents and their fleas. However, partial genetic characterization of uncultured co‐infecting bacteria limited sound conclusions concerning intra‐ and inter‐specific diversity of the circulating Bartonella . To overcome this limitation, Bartonella infections of wild populations of two sympatric gerbil species and their fleas were explored by multiple isolations of Bartonella organisms. Accordingly, 448 pure Bartonella isolates, obtained from 20 rodent blood and 39 flea samples, were genetically characterized to the genotype and species levels. Results revealed a remarkable diversity and co‐infection rates of Bartonella among these sympatric rodents and their associated fleas. Specifically, 38 genotypes, classified into four main Bartonella species, were identified. Co‐infection was confirmed in 56% of the samples, which contained two to four Bartonella genotypes per sample, belonging to up to three different species. Recombination within and between these species was demonstrated, serving as a direct evidence of the frequent bacteria–bacteria interactions. Moreover, despite the noticeable interchange of common Bartonella genotypes between rodents and fleas, the co‐occurrence of genotypes was not random and differences in the overall diversity, and the ecological and phylogenetic similarities of the infection compositions were significantly associated with the carrier type (rodent vs. flea) and the rodent species. Thus, comprehensive identification of the co‐infecting organisms enabled the elucidation of ecological factors affecting the Bartonella distribution among reservoirs and vectors. This study may serve as a model for the investigation of other vector‐borne organisms and their relationships with Bartonella .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-1083 , 1365-294X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mec.2018.27.issue-23
    DOI: 10.1111/mec.14906
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 8
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    Transmission Dynamics of Bartonella sp. Strain OE 1-1 in Sundevall's Jirds (Meriones crassus)
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 79, No. 4 ( 2013-02-15), p. 1258-1264
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 79, No. 4 ( 2013-02-15), p. 1258-1264
    Abstract: A high prevalence of Bartonella infection is found in many natural systems; however, the transmission dynamics leading to observations of these infections is not fully understood. The capability of Xenopsylla ramesis fleas to serve as competent vectors of Bartonella sp. OE 1-1 (a strain closely related to the zoonotic Bartonella elizabethae ) to Meriones crassus jirds was investigated. Naïve X. ramesis fleas were placed for 72 h on naïve jirds or jirds that were either experimentally or naturally infected with Bartonella sp. strain OE 1-1, after which they were placed on naïve jirds. Postfeeding, 69 to 100% of the fleas collected from each Bartonella -positive jird contained Bartonella DNA, and all naïve jirds became positive for Bartonella sp. OE 1-1 after infestation with the infected fleas. In addition, maternal transmission of Bartonella sp. OE 1-1 in jirds was tested by mating 5 Bartonella -positive and 5 naïve female jirds with 10 naïve male jirds in the absence of fleas. Fifteen offspring were delivered by each group. Cultures of blood drawn from all offspring on days 35 and 47 postdelivery were found to be negative for Bartonella . A single spleen sample from the offspring of a Bartonella -positive mother was found molecularly positive for Bartonella sp. OE 1-1. This study demonstrates that X. ramesis fleas are competent vectors of Bartonella sp. OE 1-1 to M. crassus jirds and indicates that maternal transmission is probably not the major transmission route from female jirds to their offspring. We suggest that the dynamics of Bartonella sp. OE 1-1 in the M. crassus jird population in nature is mostly dependent on its vectors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03011-12
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 9
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    Genomic structural plasticity of rodent‐associated Bartonella in nature
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Molecular Ecology Vol. 31, No. 14 ( 2022-07), p. 3784-3797
    Details
    In: Molecular Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 14 ( 2022-07), p. 3784-3797
    Abstract: Rodent‐associated Bartonella species have shown a remarkable genetic diversity and pathogenic potential. To further explore the extent of the natural intraspecific genomic variation and its potential role as an evolutionary driver, we focused on a single genetically diverse Bartonella species, Bartonella krasnovii , which circulates among gerbils and their associated fleas. Twenty genomes from 16 different B. krasnovii genotypes were fully characterized through a genome sequencing assay (using short and long read sequencing), pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and PCR validation. Genomic analyses were performed in comparison to the B. krasnovii strain OE 1–1. While, single nucleotide polymorphism represented only a 0.3% of the genome variation, structural diversity was identified in these genomes, with an average of 51 ± 24 structural variation (SV) events per genome. Interestingly, a large proportion of the SVs ( 〉 40%) was associated with prophages. Further analyses revealed that most of the SVs, and prophage insertions were found at the chromosome replication termination site ( ter ), suggesting this site as a plastic zone of the B. krasnovii chromosome. Accordingly, six genomes were found to be unbalanced, and essential genes near the ter showed a shift between the leading and lagging strands, revealing the SV effect on these genomes. In summary, our findings demonstrate the extensive genomic diversity harbored by wild B. krasnovii strains and suggests that its diversification is initially promoted by structural changes, probably driven by phages. These events may constantly feed the system with novel genotypes that ultimately lead to inter‐ and intraspecies competition and adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-1083 , 1365-294X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mec.v31.14
    DOI: 10.1111/mec.16547
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Genetic characterization of spotted fever group rickettsiae in questing ixodid ticks collected in Israel and environmental risk factors for their infection
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  Parasitology Vol. 144, No. 8 ( 2017-07), p. 1088-1101
    Details
    In: Parasitology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 144, No. 8 ( 2017-07), p. 1088-1101
    Abstract: This study aimed to genetically characterize spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) in questing ixodid ticks from Israel and to identify risk factors associated with SFGR-positive ticks using molecular techniques and geographic information systems (GIS) analysis. 1039 ticks from the genus Rhipicephalus were collected during 2014. 109/1039 (10·49%) carried SFGR-DNA of either Rickettsia massiliae (95), ‘ Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae’ (8) or Rickettsia conorii (6). Higher prevalence of SFGR was found in Rhipicephalus turanicus (18·00%) compared with Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (3·22%). Rickettsia massiliae was the most commonly detected species and the most widely disseminated throughout Israel (87·15% of all Rickettsia -positive ticks). GIS analysis revealed that Central and Northern coastal regions are at high risk for SFGR. The presence of ticks was significantly associated with normalized difference vegetation index and temperature variation over the course of the year. The presence of rickettsiae was significantly associated with brown type soils, higher land surface temperature and higher precipitation. The latter parameters may contribute to infection of the tick with SFGR. Health care professionals should be aware of the possible exposure of local communities and travellers to R. massillae . Molecular and geographical information can help professionals to identify areas that are susceptible to SFGR-infected ticks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-1820 , 1469-8161
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0031182017000336
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491287-9
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