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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Daily energy expenditure through the human life course
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2021
    In:  Science Vol. 373, No. 6556 ( 2021-08-13), p. 808-812
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 373, No. 6556 ( 2021-08-13), p. 808-812
    Abstract: Total daily energy expenditure (“total expenditure”) reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in human health and physiology, but its trajectory over the life course is poorly studied. We analyzed a large, diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 years. Total expenditure increased with fat-free mass in a power-law manner, with four distinct life stages. Fat-free mass–adjusted expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates to ~50% above adult values at ~1 year; declines slowly to adult levels by ~20 years; remains stable in adulthood (20 to 60 years), even during pregnancy; then declines in older adults. These changes shed light on human development and aging and should help shape nutrition and health strategies across the life span.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.abe5017
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2022
    In:  Science Vol. 378, No. 6622 ( 2022-11-25), p. 909-915
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 378, No. 6622 ( 2022-11-25), p. 909-915
    Abstract: A large survey measures human physiological water requirements in varying situations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8668
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ultra-Endurance triathlon competition shifts fecal metabolome independent of changes to microbiome composition
    American Physiological Society ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 135, No. 3 ( 2023-09-01), p. 549-558
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 135, No. 3 ( 2023-09-01), p. 549-558
    Abstract: Understanding changes to gut microbiota composition and metabolic output in response to acute exercise may be necessary for understanding the mechanisms mediating the long-term health and performance benefits of exercise. Our primary objective was to characterize acute changes in the fecal microbiome and metabolome following participation in an ultra-endurance (3.9 km swim, 180.2 km bike, 42.2 km run) triathlon. An exploratory aim was to determine associations between athlete-specific factors [race performance (i.e., completion time) and lifetime years of endurance training] with pre-race gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. Stool samples from 12 triathletes (9 males/3 fema les; 43 ± 14 yr, 23 ± 2 kg/m 2 ) were collected ≤48 h before and the first bowel movement following race completion. Intra- and inter-individual diversity of bacterial species and individual bacterial taxa were unaltered following race completion ( P 〉 0.05). However, significant reductions ( P 〈 0.05) in free and secondary bile acids [deoxycholic acid (DCA), 12-keto-lithocholic acid (12-ketoLCA)] and short-chain fatty acids (butyric and pivalic acids), and significant increases ( P 〈 0.05) in long-chain fatty acids (oleic and palmitoleic acids) were observed. Exploratory analyses revealed several associations between pre-race bacterial taxa and fecal metabolites with race performance and lifetime history of endurance training ( P 〈 0.05). These findings suggest that 1) acute ultra-endurance exercise shifts microbial metabolism independent of changes to community composition and 2) athlete performance level and training history relate to resting-state gut microbial ecology. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to characterize acute changes in gut microbial ecology and metabolism following an ultra-endurance triathlon. We demonstrate changes in gut microbial community function, but not structure, as well as several associations between gut microbiome and fecal metabolome characteristics with race completion time and lifetime history of endurance training. These data add to a small but growing body of literature seeking to characterize the acute and chronic effects of exercise on the gut microbial ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00024.2023
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
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    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The emerging role of free radicals in delayed onset muscle soreness and contraction-induced muscle injury
    Elsevier BV ; 2005
    In:  Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology Vol. 142, No. 3 ( 2005-11), p. 257-266
    Details
    In: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 142, No. 3 ( 2005-11), p. 257-266
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-6433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.08.005
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Matched work high-intensity interval and continuous running induce similar increases in PGC-1α mRNA, AMPK, p38, and p53 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle
    American Physiological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 112, No. 7 ( 2012-04-01), p. 1135-1143
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 112, No. 7 ( 2012-04-01), p. 1135-1143
    Abstract: The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that acute high-intensity interval (HIT) running induces greater activation of signaling pathways associated with mitochondrial biogenesis compared with moderate-intensity continuous (CONT) running matched for work done. In a repeated-measures design, 10 active men performed two running protocols consisting of HIT [6 × 3-min at 90% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o 2max ) interspersed with 3-min recovery periods at 50% V̇o 2max with a 7-min warm-up and cool-down period at 70% V̇o 2max ] or CONT (50-min continuous running at 70% V̇o 2max ). Both protocols were matched, therefore, for average intensity, duration, and distance run. Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained preexercise, postexercise, and 3 h postexercise. Muscle glycogen decreased ( P 〈 0.05) similarly in HIT and CONT (116 ± 11 vs. 111 ± 17 mmol/kg dry wt, respectively). Phosphorylation (P-) of p38MAPK Thr180/Tyr182 (1.9 ± 0.1- vs. 1.5 ± 0.2-fold) and AMPK Thr172 (1.5 ± 0.3- vs. 1.5 ± 0.1-fold) increased immediately postexercise ( P 〈 0.05) in HIT and CONT, respectively, and returned to basal levels at 3 h postexercise. P-p53 Ser15 (HIT, 2.7 ± 0.8-fold; CONT, 2.1 ± 0.8-fold), PGC-1α mRNA (HIT, 4.2 ± 1.7-fold; CONT, 4.5 ± 0.9-fold) and HSP72 mRNA (HIT, 4.4 ± 2-fold; CONT, 3.5 ± 1-fold) all increased 3 h postexercise ( P 〈 0.05) although neither parameter increased ( P 〉 0.05) immediately postexercise. There was no difference between trials for any of the above signaling or gene expression responses ( P 〉 0.05). We provide novel data by demonstrating that acute HIT and CONT running (when matched for average intensity, duration, and work done) induces similar activation of molecular signaling pathways associated with regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, this is the first report of contraction-induced p53 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle, thus highlighting an additional pathway by which exercise may initiate mitochondrial biogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01040.2011
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
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    SSG: 31
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Postexercise cold water immersion modulates skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA expression in immersed and nonimmersed limbs: evidence of systemic regulation
    American Physiological Society ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 123, No. 2 ( 2017-08-01), p. 451-459
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 123, No. 2 ( 2017-08-01), p. 451-459
    Abstract: Mechanisms mediating postexercise cold-induced increases in PGC-1α gene expression in human skeletal muscle are yet to be fully elucidated but may involve local cooling effects on AMPK and p38 MAPK-related signaling and/or increased systemic β-adrenergic stimulation. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether postexercise cold water immersion enhancement of PGC-1α mRNA is mediated through local or systemic mechanisms. Ten subjects completed acute cycling (8 × 5 min at ~80% peak power output) followed by seated-rest (CON) or single-leg cold water immersion (CWI; 10 min, 8°C). Muscle biopsies were obtained preexercise, postexercise, and 3 h postexercise from a single limb in the CON condition but from both limbs in CWI [thereby providing tissue from a CWI and nonimmersed limb (NOT)]. Muscle temperature decreased up to 2 h postexercise following CWI (−5°C) in the immersed limb, with lesser changes observed in CON and NOT (−3°C, P 〈 0.05). No differences between limbs were observed in p38 MAPK phosphorylation at any time point ( P 〈 0.05), whereas a significant interaction effect was present for AMPK phosphorylation ( P = 0.031). Exercise (CON) increased gene expression of PGC-1α 3 h postexercise (~5-fold, P 〈 0.001). CWI augmented PGC-1α expression above CON in both the immersed (CWI; ~9-fold, P = 0.003) and NOT limbs (~12-fold, P = 0.001). Plasma normetanephrine concentration was higher in CWI vs. CON immediately postimmersion (860 vs. 665 pmol/l, P = 0.034). We report for the first time that local cooling of the immersed limb evokes transcriptional control of PGC-1α in the nonimmersed limb, suggesting increased systemic β-adrenergic activation of AMPK may mediate, in part, postexercise cold induction of PGC-1α mRNA. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report for the first time that postexercise cold water immersion of one limb also enhances PGC-1α expression in a contralateral, nonimmersed limb. We suggest that increased systemic β-adrenergic stimulation, and not localized cooling per se, exerts regulatory effects on local signaling cascades, thereby modulating PGC-1α expression. Therefore, these data have important implications for research designs that adopt contralateral, nonimmersed limbs as a control condition while also increasing our understanding of the potential mechanisms underpinning cold-mediated PGC-1α responses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00096.2017
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Post‐exercise carbohydrate and energy availability induce independent effects on skeletal muscle cell signalling and bone turnover: implications for training adaptation
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of Physiology Vol. 597, No. 18 ( 2019-09), p. 4779-4796
    Details
    In: The Journal of Physiology, Wiley, Vol. 597, No. 18 ( 2019-09), p. 4779-4796
    Abstract: Reduced carbohydrate (CHO) availability before and after exercise may augment endurance training‐induced adaptations of human skeletal muscle, as mediated via modulation of cell signalling pathways. However, it is not known whether such responses are mediated by CHO restriction, energy restriction or a combination of both. In recovery from a twice per day training protocol where muscle glycogen concentration is maintained within 200–350 mmol kg −1 dry weight (dw), we demonstrate that acute post‐exercise CHO and energy restriction (i.e. 〈  24 h) does not potentiate potent cell signalling pathways that regulate hallmark adaptations associated with endurance training. In contrast, consuming CHO before, during and after an acute training session attenuated markers of bone resorption, effects that are independent of energy availability. Whilst the enhanced muscle adaptations associated with CHO restriction may be regulated by absolute muscle glycogen concentration, the acute within‐day fluctuations in CHO availability inherent to twice per day training may have chronic implications for bone turnover.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3751 , 1469-7793
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1113/tjp.v597.18
    DOI: 10.1113/JP278209
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475290-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application of the [γ- 32 P] ATP kinase assay to study anabolic signaling in human skeletal muscle
    American Physiological Society ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 116, No. 5 ( 2014-03-01), p. 504-513
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 116, No. 5 ( 2014-03-01), p. 504-513
    Abstract: AMPK (AMP-dependant protein kinase)-mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin in complex 1)-p70S6K1 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 of 70 kDa) signaling plays a crucial role in muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Understanding this pathway has been advanced by the application of the Western blot (WB) technique. However, because many components of the mTORC1 pathway undergo numerous, multisite posttranslational modifications, solely studying the phosphorylation changes of mTORC1 and its substrates may not adequately represent the true metabolic signaling processes. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a quantitative in vitro [γ- 32 P] ATP kinase assay (KA) for p70S6K1 to assess kinase activity in human skeletal muscle to resistance exercise (RE) and protein feeding. In an initial series of experiments the assay was validated in tissue culture and in p70S6K1-knockout tissues. Following these experiments, the methodology was applied to assess p70S6K1 signaling responses to a physiologically relevant stimulus. Six men performed unilateral RE followed by the consumption of 20 g of protein. Muscle biopsies were obtained at pre-RE, and 1 and 3 h post-RE. In response to RE and protein consumption, p70S6K1 activity as assessed by the KA was significantly increased from pre-RE at 1 and 3 h post-RE. However, phosphorylated p70S6K1 thr389 was not significantly elevated. AMPK activity was suppressed from pre-RE at 3 h post-RE, whereas phosphorylated ACC ser79 was unchanged. Total protein kinase B activity also was unchanged after RE from pre-RE levels. Of the other markers we assessed by WB, 4EBP1 thr37/46 phosphorylation was the only significant responder, being elevated at 3 h post-RE from pre-RE. These data highlight the utility of the KA to study skeletal muscle plasticity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01072.2013
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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