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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CropPol : A dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecology Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2022-03)
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2022-03)
    Abstract: Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open, and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e., berry mass, number of fruits, and fruit density [kg/ha], among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), North America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001–2005 (21 studies), 2006–2010 (40), 2011–2015 (88), and 2016–2020 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non‐commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY‐NC‐SA).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.v103.3
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3614
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2016
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 113, No. 1 ( 2016-01-05), p. 146-151
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, No. 1 ( 2016-01-05), p. 146-151
    Abstract: Wild and managed bees are well documented as effective pollinators of global crops of economic importance. However, the contributions by pollinators other than bees have been little explored despite their potential to contribute to crop production and stability in the face of environmental change. Non-bee pollinators include flies, beetles, moths, butterflies, wasps, ants, birds, and bats, among others. Here we focus on non-bee insects and synthesize 39 field studies from five continents that directly measured the crop pollination services provided by non-bees, honey bees, and other bees to compare the relative contributions of these taxa. Non-bees performed 25–50% of the total number of flower visits. Although non-bees were less effective pollinators than bees per flower visit, they made more visits; thus these two factors compensated for each other, resulting in pollination services rendered by non-bees that were similar to those provided by bees. In the subset of studies that measured fruit set, fruit set increased with non-bee insect visits independently of bee visitation rates, indicating that non-bee insects provide a unique benefit that is not provided by bees. We also show that non-bee insects are not as reliant as bees on the presence of remnant natural or seminatural habitat in the surrounding landscape. These results strongly suggest that non-bee insect pollinators play a significant role in global crop production and respond differently than bees to landscape structure, probably making their crop pollination services more robust to changes in land use. Non-bee insects provide a valuable service and provide potential insurance against bee population declines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517092112
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2016
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 3
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    Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2018
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 115, No. 33 ( 2018-08-14)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, No. 33 ( 2018-08-14)
    Abstract: The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win–win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win–win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800042115
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 4
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    Beekeeping practices and geographic distance, not land use, drive gene flow across tropical bees
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Molecular Ecology Vol. 25, No. 21 ( 2016-11), p. 5345-5358
    Details
    In: Molecular Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 21 ( 2016-11), p. 5345-5358
    Abstract: Across the globe, wild bees are threatened by ongoing natural habitat loss, risking the maintenance of plant biodiversity and agricultural production. Despite the ecological and economic importance of wild bees and the fact that several species are now managed for pollination services worldwide, little is known about how land use and beekeeping practices jointly influence gene flow. Using stingless bees as a model system, containing wild and managed species that are presumed to be particularly susceptible to habitat degradation, here we examine the main drivers of tropical bee gene flow. We employ a novel landscape genetic approach to analyse data from 135 populations of 17 stingless bee species distributed across diverse tropical biomes within the Americas. Our work has important methodological implications, as we illustrate how a maximum‐likelihood approach can be applied in a meta‐analysis framework to account for multiple factors, and weight estimates by sample size. In contrast to previously held beliefs, gene flow was not related to body size or deforestation, and isolation by geographic distance ( IBD ) was significantly affected by management, with managed species exhibiting a weaker IBD than wild ones. Our study thus reveals the critical importance of beekeeping practices in shaping the patterns of genetic differentiation across bee species. Additionally, our results show that many stingless bee species maintain high gene flow across heterogeneous landscapes. We suggest that future efforts to preserve wild tropical bees should focus on regulating beekeeping practices to maintain natural gene flow and enhancing pollinator‐friendly habitats, prioritizing species showing a limited dispersal ability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-1083 , 1365-294X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mec.2016.25.issue-21
    DOI: 10.1111/mec.13852
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020749-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1126687-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Soil-derived Nature's Contributions to People and their contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals
    The Royal Society ; 2021
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 376, No. 1834 ( 2021-09-27), p. 20200185-
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 376, No. 1834 ( 2021-09-27), p. 20200185-
    Abstract: This special issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Here, we combine this assessment and previously published relationships between NCP and delivery on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to infer contributions of soils to the SDGs. We show that in addition to contributing positively to the delivery of all NCP, soils also have a role in underpinning all SDGs. While highlighting the great potential of soils to contribute to sustainable development, it is recognized that poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to both NCP and SDGs. The positive contribution, however, cannot be taken for granted, and soils must be managed carefully to keep them healthy and capable of playing this vital role. A priority for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems, protect them from conversion and degradation; (ii) for managed soils, manage in a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health and sustainability and to prevent degradation; and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. We have enough knowledge now to move forward with the implementation of best management practices to maintain and improve soil health. This analysis shows that this is not just desirable, it is essential if we are to meet the SDG targets by 2030 and achieve sustainable development more broadly in the decades to come. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8436 , 1471-2970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0185
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462620-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    The potential indirect effects among plants via shared hummingbird pollinators are structured by phenotypic similarity
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Ecology Vol. 98, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 1849-1858
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 98, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 1849-1858
    Abstract: Plant species within communities may overlap in pollinators’ use and influence visitation patterns of shared pollinators, potentially engaging in indirect interactions (e.g., facilitation or competition). While several studies have explored the mechanisms regulating insect‐pollination networks, there is a lack of studies on bird‐pollination systems, particularly in species‐rich tropical areas. Here, we evaluated if phenotypic similarity, resource availability (floral abundance), evolutionary relatedness and flowering phenology affect the potential for indirect effects via shared pollinators in hummingbird‐pollinated plant species within four communities in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Among the evaluated factors, phenotypic similarity (corolla length and anther height) was the most important variable, while resource availability (floral abundance) had a secondary importance. On the other hand, evolutionary relatedness and flowering phenology were less important, which altogether highlights the relevance of convergent evolution and that the contribution of a plant to the diet of the pollinators of another plant is independent of the level of temporal overlap in flowering in this tropical system. Interestingly, our findings contrast with results from multiple insect‐pollinated plant communities, mostly from temperate regions, in which floral abundance was the most important driver, followed by evolutionary relatedness and phenotypic similarity. We propose that these contrasting results are due to high level of specialization inherent to tropical hummingbird‐pollination systems. Moreover, our results demonstrated that factors defining linkage rules of plant‐hummingbird networks also determinate plant‐plant potential indirect effects. Future studies are needed to test if these findings can be generalized to other highly specialized systems. Overall, our results have important implications for the understanding of ecological processes due resource sharing in mutualistic systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2017.98.issue-7
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1859
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 7
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    Diet breadth influences how the impact of invasive plants is propagated through food webs
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Ecology Vol. 91, No. 4 ( 2010-04), p. 1063-1074
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 91, No. 4 ( 2010-04), p. 1063-1074
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1890/08-2092.1
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    The role of soils on pollination and seed dispersal
    The Royal Society ; 2021
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 376, No. 1834 ( 2021-09-27), p. 20200171-
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 376, No. 1834 ( 2021-09-27), p. 20200171-
    Abstract: Ongoing environmental changes are affecting physical, chemical and biological soil components. Evidence of impacts of soil changes on pollinators' and seed dispersers' behaviour, fitness and density is scarce, but growing. Here, we reviewed information on such impacts and on a number of mechanisms that may explain its propagation, taking into account the full range of resources required by the large and diverse number of species of these two important functional groups. We show that while there is substantial evidence on the effects of soil nitrogen enrichment and changes in soil water content on the quality and quantity of floral and fruit resources, little is known on the effects of changes of other soil properties (e.g. soil pH, soil structure, other nutrients). Also, the few studies showing correlations between soil changes and pollinator and seed disperser foraging behaviour or fitness do not clearly identify the mechanisms that explain such correlation. Finally, most studies (including those with nitrogen and water) are local and limited to a small number of species, and it remains unclear how variable such effects are across time and geographical regions, and the strength of interactive effects between soil properties. Increasing research on this topic, taking into consideration how impacts propagate through species interaction networks, will provide essential information to predict impacts of ongoing environmental changes and help guide conservation plans that aim to minimize impacts on ecosystem functioning. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8436 , 1471-2970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0171
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462620-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Mutually beneficial pollinator diversity and crop yield outcomes in small and large farms
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2016
    In:  Science Vol. 351, No. 6271 ( 2016-01-22), p. 388-391
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 351, No. 6271 ( 2016-01-22), p. 388-391
    Abstract: Ecological intensification, or the improvement of crop yield through enhancement of biodiversity, may be a sustainable pathway toward greater food supplies. Such sustainable increases may be especially important for the 2 billion people reliant on small farms, many of which are undernourished, yet we know little about the efficacy of this approach. Using a coordinated protocol across regions and crops, we quantify to what degree enhancing pollinator density and richness can improve yields on 344 fields from 33 pollinator-dependent crop systems in small and large farms from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. For fields less than 2 hectares, we found that yield gaps could be closed by a median of 24% through higher flower-visitor density. For larger fields, such benefits only occurred at high flower-visitor richness. Worldwide, our study demonstrates that ecological intensification can create synchronous biodiversity and yield outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7287
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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