Note: Front Cover -- Peptides and Proteins as Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration and Repair -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Peptides and proteins as biomaterials for tissue regeneration and repair -- Chapter 1: Fundamentals of protein and cell interactions in biomaterials -- 1.1 Fundamentals of protein adsorption on biomaterials -- 1.1.1 Basics of protein adsorption -- 1.1.1.1 Function and structural organization -- 1.1.1.2 Structure and orientation of adsorbed proteins -- 1.1.2 Interactions with the surface: hydrophobic and electrostatic bonding -- 1.1.3 Kinetics of protein adsorption -- 1.1.4 Conformational changes and stability -- 1.1.5 Reversibility of protein adsorption -- 1.1.6 Competitive adsorption behavior -- 1.2 Biomaterial surface properties and their effect on protein adsorption -- 1.2.1 Promoting protein adsorption: Osseointegration -- 1.2.2 Preventing protein adsorption: Hemocompatibility -- 1.3 Quantification of protein adsorption -- 1.3.1 Optical -- 1.3.1.1 Ellipsometry -- 1.3.1.2 Surface plasmon resonance -- 1.3.2 Spectroscopic -- 1.3.2.1 Fluorescent spectroscopy -- 1.3.2.2 Infrared absorption spectroscopy -- 1.3.3 Microscopic -- 1.3.3.1 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) -- 1.3.4 Radiolabeling -- 1.3.5 Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) -- 1.4 The importance of adsorbed proteins in the tissue reaction to biomaterials -- 1.4.1 Effect of adsorbed proteins on cell adhesion -- 1.4.2 Effect of adsorbed proteins on cell activation -- 1.4.3 Effect of adsorbed proteins on the FBR -- 1.5 Quantification/detection of cell adhesion and activation -- 1.5.1 Cell adhesion -- 1.5.1.1 Micropatterning -- 1.5.1.2 Three-dimensional traction force microscopy (3D-TFM) -- 1.5.1.3 QCM-D -- 1.5.1.4 Microfluidic -- 1.5.1.5 AFM -- 1.5.2 Cell activation -- 1.5.2.1 Fluorescence microscopy -- 1.5.2.2 Flow cytometry. , 1.5.2.3 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) -- 1.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: Extracellular matrix constitution and function for tissue regeneration and repair -- 2.1 An overview of ECM structure and function -- 2.1.1 Architectural role -- 2.1.2 Adhesion mediator -- 2.1.3 Mechanosensor -- 2.1.4 Growth factor reservoir and modulator of signaling peptides -- 2.2 Major ECM components -- 2.2.1 Collagen -- 2.2.2 Proteoglycans -- 2.2.3 Other ECM molecules -- 2.2.4 Matrix-degrading enzymes -- 2.3 ECM dynamics in development -- 2.3.1 General aspects/processes -- 2.3.1.1 Embryogenesis -- 2.3.1.2 Branching morphogenesis -- 2.3.1.3 Stem cell niches and stem cell differentiation -- 2.3.1.4 Homeostasis -- 2.3.2 How systems work -- 2.3.2.1 ECM in nervous system development -- 2.3.2.2 Skeletal development -- 2.3.2.3 Skin development -- 2.4 ECM remodeling in regeneration and repair -- 2.4.1 Intervertebral disc regeneration -- 2.4.2 Wound healing -- 2.4.3 Bone remodeling and healing -- 2.4.4 CNS regeneration and repair -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Surface functionalization of biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration and repair -- 3.1 General introduction and chapter overview -- 3.2 Principles of surface biofunctionalization for bone repair -- 3.2.1 Mimicking bone ECM with peptides and proteins -- 3.2.1.1 Integrin signaling -- 3.2.1.2 Growth factor signaling -- 3.2.2 Ligands used for biofunctionalization -- 3.2.2.1 Limitations of proteins -- 3.2.2.2 Limitations of synthetic peptides -- 3.3 RGD peptidomimetics as surface coating molecules -- 3.3.1 Cyclic peptides and modifications of the peptide structure -- 3.3.2 Design of nonpeptidic integrin-binding ligands -- 3.3.3 Examples of surface functionalization with avß3- or a5ß1-selective peptidomimetics -- 3.4 Multifunctionality on biomaterials. , 3.4.1 Combining multiple biological cues-toward highly bioactive biomaterials -- 3.4.1.1 Multifunctional approaches (I): Improving cell adhesion -- 3.4.1.2 Multifunctional approaches (II): Mimicking the ECM microenvironment -- 3.4.1.3 Multifunctional approaches (III): Winning the race for the surface -- 3.4.2 Systems of presentation -- 3.4.2.1 Peptide mixtures -- 3.4.2.2 Peptide oligomers and constructs -- 3.4.2.3 Engineered protein fragments -- 3.4.2.4 Growth factor recruiting systems -- 3.4.2.5 Functionalized (antifouling) polymers -- 3.4.2.6 Functionalized drug-releasing polymers -- 3.4 Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 4: Bioengineered peptide-functionalized hydrogels for tissue regeneration and repair -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Structural and compositional features of the native extracellular matrix -- 4.2 Hydrogels as ECM mimics -- 4.2.1 Bioactive and bioinert hydrogels -- 4.3 Bioengineered hydrogels -- 4.3.1 Biofunctionalization of hydrogels with bioactive peptides -- 4.3.1.1 Hydrogel conjugation with integrin-binding peptides -- 4.3.1.2 Hydrogel conjugation with protease-sensitive peptides -- 4.3.1.3 Hydrogel conjugation with proangiogenic peptides -- 4.3.1.4 Hydrogel conjugation with differentiation-inducer peptides -- 4.3.1.5 Hydrogel conjugation with GAG-binding peptides -- 4.4 Balancing biochemical and biomechanical cues in hydrogel-based matrices -- 4.5 Dynamically switchable peptide-functionalized hydrogels -- 4.6 General conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: Collagen-based biomaterials for tissue regeneration and repair -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Structure and function of collagen -- 5.3 Manufacturing and fabrication of collagen-based biomaterials -- 5.3.1 Isolation of collagen -- 5.3.2 Freeze-drying -- 5.3.3 Electrospinning -- 5.3.4 3D bioprinting. , 5.3.5 Cross-linking -- 5.3.5.1 Dehydrothermal treatment -- 5.3.5.2 Ultraviolet radiation -- 5.3.5.3 Glutaraldehyde -- 5.3.5.4 Carbodiimides -- 5.3.5.5 Microbial transglutaminase -- 5.4 Functionalized collagen-based biomaterials for tissue regeneration -- 5.4.1 Composite scaffolds -- 5.4.2 Cell-based therapies -- 5.4.3 Growth factor and recombinant protein delivery -- 5.4.4 Gene-activated matrices -- 5.5 State of the art and future trends -- References -- Chapter 6: Fibrin biomaterials for tissue regeneration and repair -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Fibrin(ogen) structure -- 6.3 Fibrin polymerization -- 6.4 Overview of fibrin's role in promoting cell infiltration during wound repair -- 6.5 Fibrin-cell interactions -- 6.6 Impact of cells on fibrin network formation and properties -- 6.7 Fibrin and inflammation -- 6.8 Fibrin and angiogenesis -- 6.9 Overview of fibrin biomaterials and current clinical uses -- 6.10 Fibrin as a tissue sealant -- 6.11 Engineering the properties of fibrin networks -- 6.12 Mechanical modification of stiffness/elasticity -- 6.13 Modification of degradation properties -- 6.14 Modification with growth factors -- 6.15 Summary and future outlooks -- References -- Chapter 7: Fibrous protein-based biomaterials (silk, keratin, elastin, and resilin proteins) for tissue regeneration and repair -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Biopolymer-gels based on fibrous proteins: General considerations -- 7.3 Silk fibroin -- 7.3.1 Protein structure -- 7.3.2 Extraction and purification -- 7.3.3 Hydrogels formation -- 7.3.4 Applications in tissue repair and regeneration -- 7.4 Keratins -- 7.4.1 Protein structure -- 7.4.2 Extraction and purification -- 7.4.3 Hydrogel formation -- 7.4.4 Applications in tissue repair and regeneration -- 7.4.4.1 Nerve regeneration -- 7.4.4.2 Wound dressing -- 7.4.4.3 Hemostatic agent -- 7.4.4.4 Cartilage tissue engineering. , 7.4.4.5 Controlled drug delivery system -- 7.4.4.6 Cell culture systems -- 7.5 Elastin -- 7.5.1 Protein structure -- 7.5.2 Extraction and purification -- 7.5.3 Hydrogel formation -- 7.5.4 Application in tissue repair and regeneration -- 7.6 Resilin -- 7.6.1 Protein structure -- 7.6.2 Protein extraction and purification -- 7.6.3 Hydrogel formation -- 7.6.4 Application on tissue repair and regeneration -- 7.7 Final remarks and future perspectives -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 8: Fabrication of nanofibers and nanotubes for tissue regeneration and repair -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Nanofibers from organic materials -- 8.2.1 Electrospinning -- 8.2.2 Self-assembly -- 8.2.3 Phase separation -- 8.2.4 Other processing techniques -- 8.3 Inorganic nanofibers -- 8.4 Nanotubes -- 8.5 Nanocomposites -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 9: Peptide and protein printing for tissue regeneration and repair -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Contact printing technologies -- 9.2.1 Reactive microcontact printing -- 9.2.2 Supramolecular microcontact printing -- 9.2.3 Dip pen nanolithography -- 9.2.4 Polymer pen lithography -- 9.2.5 Transfer printing -- 9.3 Printing applications in biology and medicine -- 9.3.1 Biomaterial microarrays -- 9.3.2 ECM microarrays to control cell shape -- 9.3.3 Shape-induced stem cell differentiation -- 9.3.4 Printed arrays for neurons -- 9.3.5 Peptide arrays in cartilage research -- 9.3.6 Antiinflammation by printed micropatterns -- 9.3.7 Drug delivery from arrays -- 9.3.8 Biomembrane modeling -- 9.4 Conclusion and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: Self-assembling peptides and their application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Common secondary structure of proteins and peptides -- 10.2.1 α-Helix -- 10.2.2 Coiled-coil helix -- 10.2.3 ß-Sheet. , 10.2.4 ß-Hairpins.