Note: Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction. The Ecological and Societal Consequences of Biodiversity Loss -- Part 1. Biodiversity and Ecosystems: An Overview -- Chapter 1. Biodiversity Change: Past, Present, and Future -- 1.1. Setting the stage: difficulties of documenting, understanding, and communicating biodiversity change -- 1.2. Biodiversity change in Earth history -- 1.3. Pre-industrial biodiversity change -- 1.4. Biodiversity change in the "Anthropocene" -- 1.5. Future of biodiversity change -- 1.6. Future of biodiversity change research -- 1.7. Acknowledgements -- 1.8. References -- Chapter 2. Biodiversity: Concepts, Dimensions, and Measures -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Progress in measuring taxonomic diversity -- 2.3. Taxonomic diversity and evenness measures -- 2.3.1. Taxonomic diversity: effective number of species -- 2.3.2. Evenness measures -- 2.4. A unified framework integrating diversities (TD, PD, and FD) -- 2.4.1. Phylogenetic diversity as a special case of attribute diversity -- 2.4.2. Functional diversity as a special case of attribute diversity -- 2.5. Diversity in space and time -- 2.6. Examples -- 2.6.1. Coral data -- 2.6.2. Saproxylic beetle data -- 2.7. Conclusion -- 2.8. Acknowledgements -- 2.9. References -- Chapter 3. Ecosystems: An Overview -- 3.1. An introduction to ecosystems -- 3.1.1. Ecosystem extent: abiotic factors in terrestrial systems -- 3.1.2. Ecosystem extent: biotic factors -- 3.1.3. Major ecosystem types -- 3.1.4. Meta-ecosystems -- 3.1.5. Ecosystem dynamics and change over time and space -- 3.2. Ecosystem functioning -- 3.3. Ecosystem stability -- 3.4. Ecosystem services -- 3.5. Human alterations to ecosystems -- 3.6. References -- Part 2. How Biodiversity Affects Ecosystem Functioning -- Chapter 4. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Theoretical Foundations. , 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Biodiversity: from causes to consequences -- 4.3. Why does biodiversity promote ecosystem functioning? -- 4.4. Trophic diversity and ecosystem functioning -- 4.5. BEF over time and space -- 4.6. Conclusion -- 4.7. Acknowledgements -- 4.8. References -- Chapter 5. Experimental Evidence for How Biodiversity Affects Ecosystem Functioning -- 5.1. The role of experiments -- 5.1.1. The experiment that launched a thousand experiments -- 5.1.2. How do we gain knowledge from experiments? -- 5.2. BEF experiments as tests of theory -- 5.2.1. Diversity as a driver of change in ecosystem function -- 5.2.2. Evidence for selection and complementarity -- 5.2.3. Experimental evidence for key assumptions of BEF theory -- 5.2.4. Testing for diversity effects under broader abiotic and biotic conditions -- 5.2.5. Diversity effects in space and time -- 5.3. Experiments that extend classic theory -- 5.3.1. Does extinction order matter? -- 5.3.2. Experiments that bridge BEF and modern coexistence theory (MCT) -- 5.3.3. Experimental evidence for effects of biodiversity on ecosystem services -- 5.4. Conclusion -- 5.5. References -- Chapter 6. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Observational Analyses -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. A historical perspective: returning to observational data -- 6.3. Benefits of observational data -- 6.4. The challenge of causal inference in observational studies -- 6.5. Observational studies: results and evidence to date -- 6.5.1. Across dimensions of biodiversity -- 6.5.2. Across ecosystem functions -- 6.5.3. Across ecosystem types -- 6.5.4. Summary of current evidence gaps -- 6.6. Reviewing study design to date: how are studies analyzing observational data? -- 6.6.1. Moving forward: improving study designs for observational data and analyses -- 6.7. Future directions -- 6.8. Conclusion -- 6.9. References. , Part 3. How Biodiversity Affects Ecosystem Stability -- Chapter 7. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability: New Theoretical Insights -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. What is stability? -- 7.3. Why does local biodiversity promote ecosystem stability? -- 7.4. Scaling up diversity-stability relationships -- 7.5. Conclusion -- 7.6. Acknowledgements -- 7.7. References -- Chapter 8. What Do Biodiversity Experiments Tell Us About Biodiversity and Ecological Stability Relationships? -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Insight from models -- 8.3. A brief account of earlier diversity-stability experiments -- 8.4. The relationships between biodiversity and temporal stability -- 8.4.1. Grassland biodiversity experiments -- 8.4.2. Forest biodiversity experiments -- 8.4.3. Aquatic biodiversity experiments -- 8.4.4. Microbial biodiversity experiments -- 8.4.5. How general are the effects of species diversity on temporal stability? -- 8.4.6. Other dimensions of biodiversity -- 8.5. The relationships between biodiversity and resistance/resilience -- 8.6. The relevance of biodiversity experiments to real-world ecosystems -- 8.7. Conclusion -- 8.8. Acknowledgements -- 8.9. References -- Chapter 9. Biodiversity and Temporal Stability of Naturally Assembled Ecosystems Across Spatial Scales in a Changing World -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Biodiversity-stability relationships along natural gradients -- 9.3. Global change drivers and biodiversity-stability relationships -- 9.4. Contribution of dominant and rare species to stability -- 9.5. Future directions -- 9.6. References -- Part 4. How Biodiversity Affects Human Societies -- Chapter 10. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Managed Ecosystems -- 10.1. A brief history of the role of biodiversity in managed ecosystems -- 10.2. Biodiversity as the basis for a new green revolution -- 10.3. Biodiversity in agriculture. , 10.3.1. Crop genetic diversity -- 10.3.2. Species diversity in grasslands and intercropping -- 10.3.3. Farm-scale diversity -- 10.4. Biodiversity in forestry -- 10.4.1. Evidence for positive biodiversity effects on forest ecosystem services -- 10.4.2. Ecosystem services provided by agroforestry -- 10.5. Outlook -- 10.5.1. Potential of biodiversity to support the next green revolution -- 10.5.2. Obstacles -- 10.5.3. Solutions -- 10.6. Acknowledgements -- 10.7. References -- Chapter 11. Biodiversity and Human Health: On the Necessity of Combining Ecology and Public Health -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Microbial biodiversity is a key component of ecosystems -- 11.3. The linkages between biodiversity and human infectious diseases -- 11.4. The evolution of human society is punctuated by epidemiological phases -- 11.5. The new ecology and evolution of zoonotic and sapronotic establishment in the Anthropocene -- 11.6. The process of globalization of human infectious diseases -- 11.7. A livestock-dominated planet -- 11.8. Conclusion -- 11.9. Acknowledgements -- 11.10. References -- Chapter 12. Economic Valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. What valuation is and is not -- 12.3. Non-market economic valuation methods -- 12.3.1. Production function methods -- 12.3.2. Revealed preference methods -- 12.3.3. Stated preference methods -- 12.3.4. Benefit transfer methods -- 12.4. Conclusion -- 12.5. References -- Part 5. Zooming Out: Biodiversity in a Changing Planet -- Chapter 13. Feedbacks Between Biodiversity and Climate Change -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Vulnerability and responses of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning to the changing climate in different biomes -- 13.3. Societal and political challenges to these twin crises and their interlinkages. , 13.4. The potential of biodiversity to cope with the changing climate -- 13.5. Conclusion -- 13.6. Acknowledgements -- 13.7. References -- Chapter 14. Feedbacks Between Biodiversity and Society -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Society's impact on biodiversity -- 14.2.1. Agriculture -- 14.2.2. Income -- 14.3. How societies view biodiversity -- 14.3.1. Biodiversity and culture -- 14.3.2. Biodiversity and well-being -- 14.3.3. Value of biodiversity -- 14.4. Biodiversity policy and society -- 14.4.1. Awareness and perception -- 14.4.2. Management strategies -- 14.4.3. Conflicts in biodiversity management -- 14.4.4. Successful initiatives -- 14.5. Conclusion -- 14.6. Acknowledgements -- 14.7. References -- Chapter 15. Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Protecting biodiversity and ecosystems -- 15.2.1. What are protected areas and what are they intended to protect? -- 15.2.2. What global targets have been established for protected areas? -- 15.2.3. Where are protected areas and how effective are they? -- 15.2.4. Does protecting biodiversity also protect ecosystem services? -- 15.2.5. What are the limitations of protected areas? -- 15.3. Restoring biodiversity and ecosystems by reversing degradation -- 15.3.1. What is restoration and why is it needed? -- 15.3.2. What global targets have been established for restoration? -- 15.3.3. How extensive and effective is restoration? -- 15.3.4. Increasing the diversity of restorations can increase their efficacy -- 15.3.5. What are the limitations of restoration? -- 15.4. Looking ahead -- 15.5. Conclusion -- 15.6. Acknowledgements -- 15.7. References -- List of Authors -- Index -- EULA.

Note: Front Cover Page -- Table des matières -- Introduction : Les conséquences écologiques et sociétales de la perte de biodiversité -- PARTIE 1 : Biodiversité et écosystèmes : une vue d'ensemble -- Chapitre 1 : Les changements de la biodiversité : passé, présent et futur -- Chapitre 2 : Biodiversité : concepts, dimensions et mesures -- Chapitre 3 : Écosystèmes : aperçu général -- PARTIE 2 : L'influence de la biodiversité sur le fonctionnement des écosystèmes -- Chapitre 4 : Biodiversité et fonctionnement des écosystèmes : fondements théoriques -- Chapitre 5 : Biodiversité et fonctionnement des écosystèmes : preuves expérimentales -- Chapitre 6 : Biodiversité et fonctionnement des écosystèmes : analyses observationnelles -- PARTIE 3 : L'influence de la biodiversitésur la stabilité des écosystèmes -- Chapitre 7 : Biodiversité et stabilité des écosystèmes : nouvellesperspectives théoriques -- Chapitre 8 : Biodiversité et stabilité des écosystèmes : preuves expérimentales -- Chapitre 9 : Biodiversité et stabilité des écosystèmes : analyses observationnelles -- PARTIE 4 : L'influence de la biodiversité sur les sociétés humaines -- Chapitre 10 : Biodiversité et services écosystémiques dans les écosystèmes gérés -- Chapitre 11 : Biodiversité et santé humaine : de la nécessité de combiner écologie et santé publique -- Chapitre 12 : Évaluation économique de la biodiversitéet des services écosystémiques -- PARTIE 5 : Zoom arrière : la biodiversité au sein d'une planèteen mutation -- Chapitre 13 : Rétroactions entre biodiversité et changement climatique -- Chapitre 14 : Rétroactions entre biodiversitéet société -- Chapitre 15 : Protéger et restaurer la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques -- Liste des auteurs -- Index -- Back Cover page.