Note: Front Cover -- Science for Public Policy -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview -- A New Science? -- Uncertainty and Ignorance -- Policy Formation as Structured Negotiation -- Setting the Policy Agenda -- Conclusion -- Reference -- Chapter 2. Science and Government in the USA -- The Transition -- World War II -- Operations Research -- Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control -- Maturing of Scientific Advice -- Energy -- The Environment -- Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3. Science and Government: A European Perspective -- Well Before the Twentieth Century -- A Different Tradition of Interventionism -- The American Model -- From the American Model to the Japanese Model -- References -- Chapter 4. The Netherlands' Scientific Council for Government Policy -- Main Characteristics -- Responsibilities of the Council -- The Place of the Council -- The Composition of the Council -- The Bureau -- The Budget -- Working Methods -- Reports -- External Contacts of the Council -- Chapter 5. Long-term Forecasting for Science and Policy: Experiences in Poland -- The Aims of Forecasting -- The Problem of Time Scale -- Long-Term Planning Methods -- Politicians and Scientists-Cooperation Mechanisms -- Long-term Science Policy: Polish Experiences -- Social Implications of Scientific Policy -- Reference -- Chapter 6. A New Branch of Science, Inc. -- The Separation of Science from Public Policy -- How Rational is the Policy Process? -- Science Contested: Science for Whom? -- Between Orthodoxy and Reformism -- The Rise of the Managerial Conception of Science for Public Policy -- Commentary: Hans Landberg -- References -- Chapter 7. Uncertainty, Ignorance and Policy -- Introduction -- Our Present Dilemmas -- The Problem -- Ignorance in Technological Development. , Towards a New Understanding of Scientific Knowledge -- Coping with Uncertainty and Ignorance -- Commentary: Ronald Brickman -- References -- Chapter 8. Uncertainty-Technical and Social -- A New Concept of Science? -- Implicit and Explicit Languages -- Technical and Social Uncertainties -- Social Interpretations of Necessary Uncertainty -- Decision Rules-Formalism versus Informalism -- Carcinogenicity Decision Rules -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. Science and Socialist Society -- Social Assessment of Scientific Products: Some Experiences in Czechoslovakia -- Science and the Public: Conception of their Mutual Relation* -- Chapter 10. Lay Participation in Decision-making Involving Science and Technology -- The United States -- The Soviet Union -- The Differences -- References -- Chapter 11. The Role of International Research Institutions -- Introduction -- Distributional Consequences of the Application of Knowledge -- Local vs. Global Problems -- Knowledge and Power -- Global Problems -- The Virtues of Hypocrisy -- Constraints at the Interface Between Science and Politics -- Global vs. National Stewardship of Resources -- Commentary -- Commentary: Giandomenico Majone -- Some Preliminary Distinctions -- Mature Sciences as a Special Case -- Cosmopolitans and Locals in Science -- The Professionalization of Regulatory Science -- References -- Chapter 12. A History of the Acid Rain Issue -- The European Experience -- The Problem Reaches North America -- The ECE Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution -- The European Economic Community -- The 1982 Stockholm Conference -- The First Session of the ECE Convention Executive Body -- Growing Damages and Changing National Policies -- Development of the Issue: Lessons for Future Problems -- References -- Chapter 13. The CO2 Challenge -- The Setting -- The Case of Acid Rain -- The Carbon Dioxide Question. , The Policy Dilemma -- Timing and Nature of the Policy Response -- References -- Chapter 14. The Diversion of Water Resources into the Caspian Sea Basin -- History of the Problem -- Engineering Solutions -- Research Problems and Methods -- River Diversion and Climate -- Environmental Changes in the Region of River Flow Diversion -- Environmental Changes in Southern Regions -- Decision Making Procedures -- Conclusions -- Chapter 15. Reports of Forum Panels -- Report of Panel 1 -- Scientific Advice -- Uncertainty -- Institutionalization of Policy for Science -- Report of Panel 2 -- Report of Panel 3 -- Events, Actors, and Agendas -- Structural Conditions -- Appendix: -- 1. An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Readings in English -- Scientific Advice for Policy Making -- Scientific Conflict and Consensus -- Dealing with Scientific Uncertainty -- Managing Global Problems and the Role of Scientific Institutions -- Case Studies -- Books on Science for Public Policy -- 2. An Annotated Bibliography of East European Literature -- Articles -- Books -- 3. List of Participants -- Index.