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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)
    Informa UK Limited ; 2016
    In:  Autophagy Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2016-01-02), p. 1-222
    Details
    In: Autophagy, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2016-01-02), p. 1-222
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1554-8627 , 1554-8635
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2262043-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anticipating Climate Impacts of Major Volcanic Eruptions
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2021
    In:  Eos Vol. 102 ( 2021-08-31)
    Details
    In: Eos, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 102 ( 2021-08-31)
    Abstract: NASA’s rapid response plan for gathering atmospheric data amid major volcanic eruptions, paired with efforts to improve eruption simulations, will offer better views of these events’ global effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2324-9250
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2021EO162730
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118760-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 240154-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stratospheric variability contributed to and sustained the recent hiatus in Eurasian winter warming
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2017
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2017-01-16), p. 374-382
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2017-01-16), p. 374-382
    Abstract: Recent Eurasian cooling was associated with stratospheric variability Those model integrations whose stratospheric vortex evolution most closely matches that in reanalysis data also simulate a hiatus Similar hiatus events could recur even as GHG concentrations rise, but are only properly simulated by stratosphere‐resolving models
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v44.1
    DOI: 10.1002/2016GL072035
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Time-varying changes in the simulated structure of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2017-01-30), p. 1313-1327
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2017-01-30), p. 1313-1327
    Abstract: Abstract. A series of simulations using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model are analyzed in order to assess changes in the Brewer–Dobson Circulation (BDC) over the past 55 years. When trends are computed over the past 55 years, the BDC accelerates throughout the stratosphere, consistent with previous modeling results. However, over the second half of the simulations (i.e., since the late 1980s), the model simulates structural changes in the BDC as the temporal evolution of the BDC varies between regions in the stratosphere. In the mid-stratosphere in the midlatitude Northern Hemisphere, the BDC does not accelerate in the ensemble mean of our simulations despite increases in greenhouse gas concentrations and warming sea surface temperatures, and it even decelerates in one ensemble member. This deceleration is reminiscent of changes inferred from satellite instruments and in situ measurements. In contrast, the BDC in the lower stratosphere continues to accelerate. The main forcing agents for the recent slowdown in the mid-stratosphere appear to be declining ozone-depleting substance (ODS) concentrations and the timing of volcanic eruptions. Changes in both mean age of air and the tropical upwelling of the residual circulation indicate a lack of recent acceleration. We therefore clarify that the statement that is often made that climate models simulate a decreasing age throughout the stratosphere only applies over long time periods and is not necessarily the case for the past 25 years, when most tracer measurements were taken.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-1313-2017
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-1313-2017-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Dynamical perturbation of the stratosphere by a pyrocumulonimbus injection of carbonaceous aerosols
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 22, No. 17 ( 2022-08-31), p. 11049-11064
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 22, No. 17 ( 2022-08-31), p. 11049-11064
    Abstract: Abstract. The Pacific Northwest Pyrocumulonimbus Event (PNE) took place in British Columbia during the evening and nighttime hours between 12 and 13 August 2017. Several pyroconvective clouds erupted on this occasion, and released in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere unprecedented amounts of carbonaceous aerosols (300 ktn). Only a few years later, an even larger pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) injection took place over Australia. This event, named “the Australian New Year (ANY) event”, injected up to 1100 ktn of aerosol between 29 December 2019 and 4 January 2020. Such large injections of carbonaceous aerosol modify the stratospheric radiative budgets, locally perturbing stratospheric temperatures and winds. In this study, we use the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model (GEOS CCM) to study the perturbations on the stratospheric meteorology induced by an aerosol injection of the magnitude of the PNE. Our simulations include the radiative interactions of aerosols, so that their impact on temperatures and winds are explicitly simulated. We show how the presence of the carbonaceous aerosols from the pyroCb causes the formation and maintenance of a synoptic-scale stratospheric anticyclone. We follow this disturbance considering the potential vorticity anomaly and the brown carbon aerosol loading and we describe its dynamical and thermodynamical structure and its evolution in time. The analysis presented here shows that the simulated anticyclone undergoes daily expansion–compression cycles governed by the radiative heating, which are directly related to the vertical motion of the plume, and that the aerosol radiative heating is essential in maintaining the anticyclone itself.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-11049-2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differential regulation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo by cAMP/PKA-activated p85α PI3K
    American Physiological Society ; 2009
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 297, No. 6 ( 2009-12), p. H2015-H2025
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 297, No. 6 ( 2009-12), p. H2015-H2025
    Abstract: cAMP inhibits proliferation in most cell types, triggering different and sometimes opposing molecular pathways. p85α (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit) is phosphorylated by cAMP/PKA in certain cell lineages, but its effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are unknown. In the present study, we evaluated 1) the role of p85α in the integration of cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling on the regulation of VSMC and EC growth in vitro; and 2) the effects of PKA-modified p85α on neointimal hyperplasia and endothelial healing after balloon injury in vivo. Plasmid constructs carrying wild-type and PKA-modified p85α were employed in VSMCs and ECs in vitro and after balloon injury in rat carotid arteries in vivo. cAMP/PKA reduced VSMC proliferation through p85α phosphorylation. Transfected PKA-activated p85α binds p21 ras , reducing ERK1/2 activation and VSMC proliferation in vitro. In contrast, EC proliferation inhibition by cAMP is independent from PKA modification of p85α and ERK1/2 inhibition; indeed, PKA-activated p85α did not inhibit per se ERK1/2 activation and proliferation in ECs in vitro. Interestingly, cAMP reduced both VSMC and EC apoptotic death through p85α phosphorylation. Accordingly, PKA-activated p85α triggered Akt activation, reducing both VSMC and EC apoptosis in vitro. Finally, compared with controls, vascular gene transfer of PKA-activated p85α significantly reduced neointimal formation after balloon injury in rats, without inhibiting endothelial regeneration of the injured arterial segment. In conclusions, PKA-activated p85α integrates cAMP/PKA signaling differently in VSMCs and ECs. By reducing neointimal hyperplasia without inhibiting endothelial regeneration, it exerts a protective effect against restenosis after balloon injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00738.2009
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Impacts of the Eruption of Mount Pinatubo on Surface Temperatures and Precipitation Forecasts With the NASA GEOS Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal System
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 126, No. 16 ( 2021-08-27)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 126, No. 16 ( 2021-08-27)
    Abstract: The inclusion of the 1991 Pinatubo eruption improves the skill of GEOS‐S2S forecasting hemispheric temperature and precipitation rates The inclusion of Pinatubo strengthens the forecasted El Niño beyond observations Pinatubo does not significantly modify the forecasts of temperatures and precipitation in most extratropical regions
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2021JD034830
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Reshaping of Italian Echocardiographic Laboratories Activities during the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic and Expectations for the Post-Pandemic Era
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 16 ( 2021-08-05), p. 3466-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 16 ( 2021-08-05), p. 3466-
    Abstract: Background: Cardiology divisions reshaped their activities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the organization of echocardiographic laboratories and echocardiography practice during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, and the expectations for the post-COVID era. Methods: We analyzed two different time periods: the month of November during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) and the identical month during 2019 (November 2019). Results: During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the hospital activity was partially reduced in 42 (60%) and wholly interrupted in 3 (4%) echocardiographic laboratories, whereas outpatient echocardiographic activity was partially reduced in 41 (59%) and completely interrupted in 7 (10%) laboratories. We observed an important change in the organization of activities in the echocardiography laboratory which reduced the operator-risk and improved self-protection of operators by using appropriate personal protection equipment. Operators wore FFP2 in 58 centers (83%) during trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE), in 65 centers (93%) during transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and 63 centers (90%) during stress echocardiography. The second wave caused a significant reduction in number of echocardiographic exams, compared to November 2019 (from 513 ± 539 to 341 ± 299 exams per center, −34%, p 〈 0.001). On average, there was a significant increase in the outpatient waiting list for elective echocardiographic exams (from 32.0 ± 28.1 to 45.5 ± 44.9 days, +41%, p 〈 0.001), with a reduction of in-hospital waiting list (2.9 ± 2.4 to 2.4 ± 2.0 days, −17%, p 〈 0.001). We observed a large diffusion of point-of-care cardiac ultrasound (88%), with a significant increase of lung ultrasound usage in 30 centers (43%) during 2019, extended to all centers in 2020. Carbon dioxide production by examination is an indicator of the environmental impact of technology (100-fold less with echocardiography compared to other cardiac imaging techniques). It was ignored in 2019 by 100% of centers, and currently it is considered potentially crucial for decision-making in cardiac imaging by 65 centers (93%). Conclusions: In one year, major changes occurred in echocardiography practice and culture. The examination structure changed with extensive usage of point-of-care cardiac ultrasound and with lung ultrasound embedded by default in the TTE examination, as well as the COVID-19 testing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163466
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Investigating Rainfall Patterns in the Hubei Province, China and Northern Italy During the Covid-19 Lockdowns
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Climate Vol. 3 ( 2022-1-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Climate, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 3 ( 2022-1-21)
    Abstract: In the spring of 2020, many countries enacted strict lockdowns to contain the spread of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), resulting in a sharp observed decrease in regional atmospheric pollutant concentrations, such as NO x and aerosols in early 2020. Atmospheric composition can influence cloud properties and might have a significant effect on the initiation of precipitation. This study investigated changes in precipitation patterns during COVID-19 lockdowns and compared them to patterns observed during the previous 19 years (2001 through 2019) across two regions of interest, the Hubei province in China and Northern Italy using a satellite-based precipitation dataset. Results indicated that overall rainfall averages were higher in the spring of 2020 with respect to their corresponding climatological means, with higher standard deviations especially in the more urbanized regions like Wuhan, China and Milan, Italy. Precipitation rates observed during the Spring of 2020 tend to fall outside of the climatological 25–75th percentile bounds. Similarly, the number of rainy pixels was in several cases in Spring 2020 higher than the climatological 75th percentile and sometimes even higher than the 95th one. These anomalies may be due to natural variations and may not be caused directly by the reduction in atmospheric pollutant concentrations. Nevertheless, our analysis proved that precipitation patterns during the lockdowns were on the extreme tails of the precipitation climatological distributions for both regions of interest. Lastly, decorrelation lags and distances in Northern Italy remained similar to their corresponding climatological values, whereas in the Hubei province some differences were observed, with the Spring 2020 spatial correlation variogram almost overlapping the climatological 5th percentile and with a decorrelation distance shorter than the climatological value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-9553
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2021.799054
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2986708-3
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Macrophage Autophagy and Oxidative Stress: An Ultrastructural and Immunoelectron Microscopical Study
    Hindawi Limited ; 2011
    In:  Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Vol. 2011 ( 2011), p. 1-8
    Details
    In: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2011 ( 2011), p. 1-8
    Abstract: The word autophagy broadly refers to the cellular catabolic processes that lead to the removal of damaged cytosolic proteins or cell organelles through lysosomes. Although autophagy is often observed during programmed cell death, it may also serve as a cell survival mechanism. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species within tissues and cells induces various defense mechanisms or programmed cell death. It has been shown that, besides inducing apoptosis, oxidative stress can also induce autophagy. To date, however, the regulation of autophagy in response to oxidative stress remains largely elusive and poorly understood. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the ratio between oxidative stress and autophagy in macrophages after oxidant exposure (AAPH) and to investigate the ultrastructural localization of beclin-1, a protein essential for autophagy, under basal and stressful conditions. Our data provide evidence that oxidative stress induces autophagy in macrophages. We demonstrate, for the first time by immunoelectron microscopy, the subcellular localization of beclin-1 in autophagic cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-0900 , 1942-0994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2011/282739
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2455981-7
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