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  • Articles  (172)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: "Diffusion across a layered medium and relation to transport in thermonuclear plasmas" [Phys. Plasmas 2, 4230 (1995)] (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 248-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872615
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion across a layered medium and relation to transport in thermonuclear plasmas (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 4230-4235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The generic characteristics of diffusion in a medium exhibiting strong variations of the diffusivity are considered. The varying diffusivity is parametrized by alternating layers of high and low diffusivity. The limiting case is considered that the insulating layers determine the net transport. Some salient features of tokamak transport, such as the fact that perturbative experiments yield a higher diffusivity than a steady-state power balance, are shown to be a natural result of the inhomogeneity. The importance of a possible inhomogeneous diffusivity for the comparison of measurements with theoretical expressions for the diffusivity is discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871468
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Random telegraph signals and 1/f noise in a silicon quantum dot (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1523-1526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated random telegraph signals and 1/f noise in a submicron metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor at low temperatures in the Coulomb-blockade regime. The rich noise characteristics were studied as a function of gate voltage, drain current, and temperature, both in and beyond the Ohmic regime. The results can be understood within a simple model assuming a uniform potential fluctuation of constant magnitude at the location of the dot. Clear signatures of electron heating are found from the noise at higher currents. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370924
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single electron tunneling and suppression of short-channel effects in submicron silicon transistors (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 5052-5056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report measurements on submicron metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors equipped with a gate on three sides of the channel. At room temperature, a strong suppression of short-channel effects has been achieved for the narrowest channels. At liquid helium temperatures, the same devices exhibit clear conductance oscillations in the subthreshold regime, indicating that a quantum dot has formed in the disordered channel. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368753
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating the effects of optical and carrier losses in etched-post vertical cavity lasers (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5871-5875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate the combined effects of optical scattering loss and surface recombination (or carrier diffusion) on the performance and scalability of etched-post vertical cavity lasers (VCLs). The size dependence of optical losses and threshold gain are determined from pulsed measurements of external quantum efficiency. Deeper etch depths result in a stronger radial dependence of the threshold gain, which quickly increases the threshold current density. With optical loss accounted for, pulsed threshold current density measurements give the extra information needed for evaluating carrier loss. Surface recombination or carrier diffusion also results in threshold current density increases, but scalability is ultimately limited by the ability of the active region to provide enough gain for smaller size, higher optical loss devices. Even with these losses, three-quantum-well VCLs with shallow etches have threshold currents as low as 420 μA. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360588
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On epitaxial growth of diamond films on (100) silicon substrates (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 1823-1825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated characteristics of polycrystalline diamond thin films formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method on silicon substrates using Raman spectroscopy, analytical and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. Grains with average size 1 μm in diameter were observed in these films. The Raman spectra from these films contain the strongest peak at 1335 cm−1, providing the characteristic signature for sp3 (diamond) bonding. The broad peak centered around 1550 cm−1 is believed to be due to some graphitic bonding. From detailed high-resolution images and microdiffraction, films were characterized to be cubic diamond with a lattice parameter of 3.56 A(ring). Diamond crystallites with fivefold external morphologies were also observed. The large crystallites in the films exhibited preferential texture in 〈011〉 type orientations. These crystallites were found to be twinned in {111} planes. The large 〈011〉 crystallites exhibited matching in {111} or {200} lattice planes of diamond with {022} planes of silicon. This is in agreement with our previous work on the growth of Ni on MgO, which showed that textured growth can occur by matching a set of lattice planes in the absence of matching of lattice constants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99791
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-noise high-speed dc superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer with simplified feedback electronics (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 406-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer has been integrated on a 9×9 mm2 chip with eight pick-up loops in parallel to directly form a SQUID inductance of about 0.5 nH. Very simple feedback electronics have been developed which do not require liquid-helium temperature impedance matching circuits or flux modulation techniques. The magnetometer has a typical white noise of 8 fT/(Hz)1/2 and a 1/f corner frequency below 3.5 Hz. With an additional positive feedback circuit at 4.2 K the white noise level has been further reduced to 4.5 fT/(Hz)1/2. Using a two-pole integrator, a 3 dB bandwidth around 0.5 MHz and a maximum slew rate of 3 mT/s at 1.3 kHz have been attained with a ±0.4 μT feedback range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103650
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Band-gap engineered digital alloy interfaces for lower resistance vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 3411-3413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on a technique of grading the heterobarrier interfaces of a p-type distributed Bragg reflector mirror to reduce the operating voltages of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). We report VCSELs with lower operating voltages (2–3 V) and record continuous-wave room-temperature power-conversion efficiencies (17.3%). We experimentally demonstrate that by using a parabolic grading and modulating the doping correctly, a flat valence band is generated that provides low voltage hole transport. The low resistance mirrors are achieved using low Be doping, digital-alloy grading and 600 °C growth temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110156
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of picosecond pulses at millimeter wavelengths (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1483-1485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report here on an experiment in which picosecond electron pulses, produced by a compact radiation frequency (rf) electron gun, were used to excite a rectangular waveguide, generating 5 ps pulses of radiation with a bandwidth of ∼200 GHz. The interaction of the electron pulses with the waveguide can be modeled quite simply by performing a harmonic expansion of the pulse train produced by the electron gun and employing Poynting's theorem to compute the power coupled into the modes of the waveguide by each harmonic. The resulting model for the distribution of spectral power yields good agreement with the observed spectrum. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114502
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pH and prefreezing treatment on the texture of yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus) as measured by the Ottawa Texture Measuring System (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 16 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Texture is very important to the organoleptic quality of fish products. Poor frozen storage conditions or improper prefreezing treatment can result in unacceptably tough fillets. With some species, undesirable soft, mushy texture develops during chill storage.This study is concerned with the influence of treatment prior to freezing (samples were frozen pre-rigor, in-rigor, post-rigor and after 6 days’ chill storage in ice or refrigerated sea water) on the texture of yellowtail rockfish stored frozen as whole gutted fish or as fillets. The effect of pH was also studied. Texture was measured objectively using the Ottawa Texture Measuring System on samples stored for 6 months at −28°C.A very good negative correlation was found between pH level and toughness as measured using a Kramer shear-compression cell in the Ottawa Texture Measuring System. Fish stored in refrigerated sea water prior to freezing were appreciably more tender. There was no statistical difference in texture (shear press force) values between samples stored as whole fish versus samples stored as fillets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb01842.x
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