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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 3364-3369 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using reflectance anisotropy, we have investigated InAs metalorganic chemical vapor deposition under optimal growth conditions. The measured optical anisotropy of the growing surface is significantly different from that of the nongrowing, AsH3-stabilized surface. This difference δ becomes more pronounced at low V/III gas flow ratios and low temperatures. The value of δ also depends on the light energy, reaching a maximum in the range of 2.30–2.38 eV. In addition, we show that it is possible to monitor effects of the reactor on the growth, namely transient flow perturbations on the growing surface due to the switching of gas flows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 1389-1398 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using reflectance anisotropy (RA), we investigated in situ the metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition of a number of III-V heterojunctions. Each type of heterojunction exhibits a characteristic RA record as a function of time, depending on the film composition, growth rate, and interface quality, as well as the light wavelength used. Signal changes occurring over different time scales are related to a number of different contributions to the optical anisotropy of the material. Changes during the first 5–10 s are due to the optical anisotropy of both the surface and heterointerface. Over a time scale of several minutes, the signal exhibits damped sinusoidal behavior; a model is proposed to account for these changes, taking into account the interference of light in the growing layer. Finally, the steady-state signal obtained after many minutes is indicative of the difference in surface optical anisotropy between the epilayer and substrate. Practical applications of RA, including heterojunction optimization, superlattice monitoring, and reactor geometry improvements, are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-05-01
    Description: IL-6 plays a central role in supporting pathological TH2 and TH17 cell development and inhibiting the protective T regulatory cells in allergic asthma. TH17 cells have been demonstrated to regulate allergic asthma in general and T-bet-deficiency-induced asthma in particular. Here we found an inverse correlation between T-bet and Il-6 mRNA expression in asthmatic children. Moreover, experimental subcutaneous immunotherapy (SIT) in T-bet(−/−) mice inhibited IL-6, IL-21R and lung TH17 cells in a setting of asthma. Finally, local delivery of an anti-IL-6R antibody in T-bet(−/−) mice resulted in the resolution of this allergic trait. Noteworthy, BATF, crucial for the immunoglobulin-class-switch and TH2,TH17 development, was found down-regulated in the lungs of T-bet(−/−) mice after SIT and after treatment with anti-IL-6R antibody, indicating a critical role of IL-6 in controlling BATF/IRF4 integrated functions in TH2, TH17 cells and B cells also in a T-bet independent fashion in allergic asthma. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep01754
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-07-24
    Description: T-cell development depends upon interactions between thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The engagement of Delta-Like 4 (DL4) on TECs by Notch1 expressed by blood-borne BM-derived precursors is essential for T-cell commitment in the adult thymus. In contrast to the adult the earliest T-cell progenitors in the embryo originate in the fetal liver and migrate to the non-vascularized fetal thymus via chemokine signals. Within the fetal thymus some T-cell precursors undergo programmed TCRγ and TCRδ rearrangement and selection, giving rise to unique γδ T cells. Despite these fundamental differences between fetal and adult T-cell lymphopoiesis we show here that DL4-mediated Notch signaling is essential for the development of both αβ and γδ T-cell lineages in the embryo. Deletion of the DL4 gene in fetal TECs results in an early block in αβ T-cell development and a dramatic reduction of all γδ T-cell subsets in the fetal thymus. In contrast to the adult no dramatic deviation of T-cell precursors to alternative fates was observed in the fetal thymus in the absence of Notch signaling. Taken together our data reveal a common requirement for DL4-mediated Notch signaling in fetal and adult thymopoiesis This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Print ISSN: 0014-2980
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4141
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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