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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on “Probabilistic Risk Analysis for a High-Level Radioactive Waste Repository” by B. L. Cohen in Risk Analysis, Volume 23, 909–915 (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Risk analysis 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.537_1.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interface-mediated amorphization of coesite by 200 keV electron irradiation (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 2570-2574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron-induced amorphization of coesite was studied as a function of irradiation temperature by in situ transmission electron microscopy at an incident energy of 200 keV. Electron-induced amorphization of coesite is induced by an ionization mechanism and is mainly dominated by an interface-mediated, heterogeneous nucleation-and-growth controlled process. Amorphous domains nucleate at surfaces, crystalline-amorphous (c-a) interfaces, and grain boundaries. This is the same process as the interface-mediated vitrification of coesite by isothermal annealing above the thermodynamic melting temperature (875 K), but below the glass transition temperature (1480 K). The interface-mediated amorphization of coesite by electron irradiation is morphologically similar to interface-mediated thermodynamic melting. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363920
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of irradiation-induced amorphizaton of Gd2Ti2O7 (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1989-1991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The radiation-induced evolution of the microstructure of Gd2Ti2O7, an important pyrochlore phase in radioactive waste disposal ceramics and a potential solid electrolyte and oxygen gas sensor, has been characterized using transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Following the irradiation of a Gd2Ti2O7 single crystal with 1.5 MeV Xe+ ions at a fluence of 1.7×1014 Xe+/cm2, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed a 300-nm-thick amorphous layer at the specimen surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the Ti 2p and O 1s electron binding energy shifts of Gd2Ti2O7 before and after amorphization showed that the main results of ion-irradiation-induced disorder are a decrease in the coordination number of titanium and a transformation of the Gd–O bond. These features resemble those occurring in titanate glass formation, and they have implications for the chemical stability and electronic properties of pyrochlores subjected to displacive radiation damage. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1402647
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion irradiation-induced amorphization in the Al2O3–SiO2 system: A comparison with glass formation (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 587-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ion beam-induced crystalline-to-amorphous transition has been investigated for crystalline phases in the Al2O3–SiO2 system: Al2O3, SiO2 (quartz), Al2SiO5 (kyanite, andalusite, sillimanite), and 3Al2O3⋅2SiO2 (mullite). Xe+ 1.5 MeV was used to irradiate samples at temperatures from 15 to 1023 K in situ in a transmission electron microscope to determine the critical amorphization doses. The susceptibility to amorphization is (highest to lowest): quartz, sillimanite, kyanite, andalusite, mullite, and alumina. These data are compared to viscosities and activation energies for viscous flow of melts in this system. The doses required for amorphization by ion irradiation are related to the viscosities of the melts. The activation energies for irradiation-enhanced annealing are qualitatively correlated with the activation energies of viscous flow. These results suggest a parallel between ion beam irradiation-induced amorphization and glass formation. Glass-forming "ability'' correlates with susceptibility to radiation-induced amorphization. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron Irradiation Induced Transformation of (Pb5Ca5)(VO4)6F2 Apatite to CaVO3 Perovskite (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Crystallochemical changes of (Pb5Ca5)(VO4)6F2 apatite under electron irradiation were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The apatite, a synthetic analog of vanadinite, was moderately stable towards a less intense 300-keV LaB6 source, while it changed rapidly in structure when exposed to the higher flux of a 200-keV field emission gun. The electron beam induced transformation of vanadinite proceeds sequentially by (i) migration and loss of fluorine, (ii) lead volatilization and conversion to 2–5-nm platelets of a glaserite-type structure, and (iii) the reduction of V5+ to V4+ with the removal of lead and calcium oxide that leads to single-crystal CaVO3 perovskite as the ultimate product. The phase transformations are interpreted based on the crystallographic relations among the CaVO3 perovskite, the (Pb5Ca5)(VO4)6F2 apatite and the glaserite-type structures, and compositional changes under electron irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00002.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A transient liquid-like phase in the displacement cascades of zircon, hafnon and thorite (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 395 (1998), S. 56-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The study of radiation effects in solids is important for the development of ‘radiation-resistant’ materials for fission-reactor applications. The effects of heavy-ion irradiation in the isostructural orthosilicates zircon (ZrSiO4), hafnon (HfSiO4) and thorite ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/25698
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crystal structures of the ThSiO4 polymorphs: huttonite and thorite (1978)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 34 (1978), S. 1074-1079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740878004951
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration of basalt glasses: implications for modelling the long-term stability of nuclear waste glasses (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 314 (1985), S. 252-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Hydrothermal leaching experiments were completed on three glasses: two basalt glasses (KL 9 and 11) from Kilauea, Hawaii (SiO2 = 50 wt%, 24 kyr old) and a simulated borosilicate nuclear waste glass, C-31-3EC-SPF-Na (SiO? = 35 wt%). We report here the results of experiments at 200 C in saturated ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/314252a0
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  • 9
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    Rapid sea level rise in the aftermath of a Neoproterozoic snowball Earth (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-11
    Description: Earth’s most severe climate changes occurred during global-scale "snowball Earth" glaciations, which profoundly altered the planet’s atmosphere, oceans, and biosphere. Extreme rates of glacioeustatic sea level rise are predicted by the snowball Earth hypothesis, but supporting geologic evidence has been lacking. We use paleohydraulic analysis of wave ripples and tidal laminae in the Elatina Formation, Australia—deposited after the Marinoan glaciation ~635 million years ago—to show that water depths of 9 to 16 meters remained nearly constant for ~100 years throughout 27 meters of sediment accumulation. This accumulation rate was too great to have been accommodated by subsidence and instead indicates an extraordinarily rapid rate of sea level rise (0.2 to 0.27 meters per year). Our results substantiate a fundamental prediction of snowball Earth models of rapid deglaciation during the early transition to a supergreenhouse climate.
    Keywords: Geochemistry, Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Pervasive aeolian activity along rover Curiosity's traverse in Gale Crater, Mars (2013)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-22
    Description: The NASA Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, has safely landed near a 35-km-long dark dune field in Gale Crater on Mars. This dune field crosses the landing site from the northeast to the southwest and lies along Curiosity’s traverse to Aeolis Mons. Here we present the first evidence of recent aeolian activity in the form of ripple and dune migration, and further estimate wind directions within the dune field through analysis of ripple and dune morphologies and the Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS). We measured a minimum ripple migration rate of 0.66 m per Earth year, and dune migration rate of 0.4 m per Earth year, in the southwest portion of the field. A strongly bidirectional ripple crestline orientation, nearly orthogonal dune slipfaces, and linear seif or oblique dunes indicate a bidirectional wind regime with winds mainly coming from the ENE and from the northwest; however, MRAMS results indicate primary winds from the ENE. Our constraints on the wind regime provide the unique opportunity to use ground measurements from MSL to test the accuracy of winds predicted from orbital data.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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