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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dysferlin deletion in SJL mice (SJL- Dysf ) defines a natural model for limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (1999)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 23 (1999), S. 141-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The SJL mouse strain is susceptible to many induced autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) and inflammatory muscle disease. Additionally, the skeletal muscle of SJL mice was shown to have an increased regenerative capacity, and demonstrates the spontaneous ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/13770
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germ cell-specific expression of a proacrosin-cat fusion gene in transgenic mouse testis (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 31 (1992), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Proacrosin gene regulation ; cis-Regulatory elements ; CAT reporter gene ; Transgenic mice ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Acrosin is a serine proteinase located in a zymogen form, proacrosin in the acrosome of the sperm. It is released as a consequence of the acrosome reaction and is believed to be the most important enzyme in the fertilization process. In the mouse, the proacrosin gene is transcribed premeiotically in spermatocytes, but protein biosynthesis starts in haploid spermatids and is restricted to the emerging acrosome. Four lines of transgenic mice harboring 2.3 kb of 5′ untranslated region of the rat proacrosin gene fused to the CAT-reporter gene were generated by microinjection of fertilized eggs. The chimeric gene was found to be present in 10-100 copies per genome in the different strains. The 5′ untranslated region of rat proacrosin gene could properly direct CAT-gene expression to spermatocytes and CAT-mRNA translation to round spermatids as it is known for mouse proacrosin gene. However, CAT protein is not restricted to the acrosome; rather, it is distributed in the spermatid cytoplasm. This could be due to the lack of DNA sequences for a hydrophobic leader peptide that have been found in all mammalian proacrosins studied until now but that was not present in transgene. It can be concluded from our results that cis-acting sequences required for tissue specific proacrosin expression reside on a 2.3-kb restriction fragment and are conserved in the proacrosin genes of mouse and rat.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080310403
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  • 3
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    Information for MAPS whale sighting data, v. 2018-12-18 (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Seasonal and diel cycles of fin whale acoustic occurrence near Elephant Island, Antarctica (2021)
    Royal Society
    In:  EPIC3Royal Society Open Science, Royal Society, 8(201142), ISSN: 2054-5703
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-28
    Description: This study investigates the relevance of the Elephant Island (EI) region for Southern Hemisphere fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in their annual life cycle. We collected 3 years of passive acoustic recordings (January 2013 to February 2016) northwest of EI to calculate time series of fin whale acoustic indices, daily acoustic occurrence, spectrograms, as well as the abundance of their 20-Hz pulses. Acoustic backscatter strength, sea ice concentration and chlorophyll-a composites provided concurrent environmental information for graphic comparisons. Acoustic interannual, seasonal and diel patterns together with visual information and literature resources were used to define the period of occupancy and to infer potential drivers for their behaviour. Spectral results suggest that these fin whales migrate annually to and from offshore central Chile. Acoustic data and visual information reveal their arrival at EI in December to feed without producing their typical 20-Hz pulse. For all 3 years, acoustic activity commences in February, peaks in May and decreases in August, in phase with the onset of their breeding season. Our results emphasize the importance of EI for fin whales throughout most of the year. Our recommendation is to consider EI for establishing a marine protected area to expedite the recovery of this vulnerable species.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Static species distribution models in the marine realm: The case of baleen whales in the Southern Ocean (2021)
    In:  EPIC3Diversity and Distributions, ISSN: 1366-9516
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Aim Information on the spatio-temporal distribution of marine species is essential for developing proactive management strategies. However, sufficient information is seldom available at large spatial scales, particularly in polar areas. The Southern Ocean (SO) represents a critical habitat for various species, particularly migratory baleen whales. Still, the SO’s remoteness and sea ice coverage disallow obtaining sufficient information on baleen whale distribution and niche preference. Here, we used presence-only species distribution models to predict the circumantarctic habitat suitability of baleen whales and identify important predictors affecting their distribution. Location The Southern Ocean (SO). Methods We used Maxent to model habitat suitability for Antarctic minke, Antarctic blue, fin and humpback whales. Our models employ extensive circumantarctic data and carefully prepared predictors describing the SO’s environment and two spatial sampling bias correction options. Species-specific spatial-block cross-validation was used to optimize model complexity and for spatially independent model evaluation. Results Model performance was high on cross-validation, with generally little predicted uncertainty. The most important predictors were derived from sea ice, particularly seasonal mean and variability of sea ice concentration and distance to the sea ice edge. Main conclusions Our models support the usefulness of presence-only models as a cost-effective tool in the marine realm, particularly for studying the migratory whales’ distribution. However, we found discrepancies between our results and (within) results of similar studies, mainly due to using different species data quality and quantity, different study area extent and methodological reasons. We further highlight the limitations of implementing static distribution models in the highly dynamic marine realm. Dynamic models, which relate species information to environmental conditions contemporaneous to species occurrences, can predict near-real-time habitat suitability, necessary for dynamic management. Nevertheless, obtaining sufficient species and environmental predictors at high spatio-temporal resolution, necessary for dynamic models, can be challenging from polar regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Scaling the Laws of Thermal Imaging–Based Whale Detection (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 37(5), pp. 807-824, ISSN: 0739-0572
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-07
    Description: Marine mammals are under growing pressure as anthropogenic use of the ocean increases. Ship strikes of large whales and loud underwater sound sources including air guns for marine geophysical prospecting and naval midfrequency sonar are criticized for their possible negative effects on marine mammals. Competent authorities regularly require the implementation of mitigation measures, including vessel speed reductions or shutdown of acoustic sources if marine mammals are sighted in sensitive areas or in predefined exclusion zones around a vessel. To ensure successful mitigation, reliable at-sea detection of animals is crucial. To date, ship-based marine mammal observers are the most commonly implemented detection method; however, thermal (IR) imaging–based automatic detection systems have been used in recent years. This study evaluates thermal imaging–based automatic whale detection technology for its use across different oceans. The performance of this technology is characterized with respect to environmental conditions, and an automatic detection algorithm for whale blows is presented. The technology can detect whales in polar, temperate, and subtropical ocean regimes over distances of up to several kilometers and outperforms marine mammal observers in the number of whales detected. These results show that thermal imaging technology can be used to assist in providing protection for marine mammals against ship strike and acoustic impact across the world’s oceans.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) distribution modelling in the Nordic Seas & adjacent waters (2019)
    In:  EPIC3World Marine Mammal Conference (WMMC), Barcelona, Spain, 2019-12-09-2019-12-12
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-20
    Description: Understanding the dynamics of cetacean distribution in ecologically vulnerable regions is essential to interpret the impact of environmental changes on species ecology and ecosystem functioning. Species distribution models (SDMs) are helpful tools that link species occurrences to environmental variables in order to predict a species’ potential distribution. Studies on baleen whale distribution in polar regions are comparably rare, mainly due to financial and logistic constraints. Here we use SDMs to predict habitat suitability for fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in Arctic waters. A combination of opportunistic and systematically collected visual observations from 2007 to 2018 was used. Opportunistic data were collected during ten RV Polarstern cruises in the Arctic Ocean (including the Barents-, Norwegian and Greenland Sea). Complementary visual data were obtained from open source databases. Environmental variables were chosen based on ecological relevance to the species, comprising both static and dynamic variables. We used MaxEnt software to model the distribution of fin whales, using presence-only data as a function of carefully chosen environmental covariates. MaxEnt’s predictive performance has been shown to be consistently competitive with the highest performing methods. We were able to reveal important factors affecting the distribution of fin whales in the Arctic Ocean and how they respond to them. Results demonstrate the effective use of SDMs to predict species distributions in highly remote areas, constituting a cost-effective method for targeting future surveys and prioritizing the limited conservation resources. Results can be applied in a variety of purposes, such as designing marine protected areas and support the further use of opportunistic data to understand the ecological drivers of species distribution.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 8
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    Vocal behaviour of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in eastern Fram Strait (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Annual Meeting of the IWC Scientific Committee, Camebridge, (NH/03), 10 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-31
    Description: Bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) of the East Greenland-Svalbard-Barents Sea (Spitsbergen) population have been depleted close to the point of extinction by commercial whaling and are still considered as endangered. Due to their low abundance and the remoteness of their habitat, baseline knowledge on spatio-temporal distribution patterns and behavioural aspects are scarce, yet crucial for the conservation of this population. Long-term passive acoustic recordings were collected at different locations in eastern Fram Strait (78-79°N, 0-7°E) as part of the Ocean Observing System FRAM (Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring). Data recorded in 2012 and 2016/2017 were analysed for the acoustic occurrence of bowhead whales at an hourly resolution using an automated detector. Bowhead whales were acoustically present from autumn throughout the winter months (October-February) and occasionally in spring (March-June), supporting hypotheses that Fram Strait is an important overwintering area. Acoustic presence peaked between mid-November and mid-December when bowhead whales were recorded almost daily, often hourly for several days in a row. The observed peak in acoustic presence coincided with the presumed mating period of bowhead whales, starting in late winter, indicating that Fram Strait may also serve as a mating area. Detailed analyses of recordings of a single year and location revealed eight distinct bowhead whale song types comprising simple songs and call sequences. No bowhead whales were recorded in summer (July-September), indicating that they either were vocally inactive or had migrated to summering areas. Compared to previous studies in western Fram Strait, bowhead whale detections in our recordings were less frequent and less complex. The observed regional differences in bowhead whale acoustic behaviour across Fram Strait suggest that our mooring locations in eastern Fram Strait may represent the eastern distribution boundary of the bowhead whale overwintering area.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Miscellaneous , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Ocean sounds: Passive acoustic research on marine mammals (2016)
    In:  EPIC3Tag der Lehre - University of Bremen, University of Bremen, 2016-11-09
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-23
    Description: The ocean is crowded with human uses, many of which also introduce underwater sound in the ocean environment. To understand if and how these underwater sound sources impact marine mammals and eventually mitigate against the potential consequences, information on distribution patterns is crucial. Passive acoustic monitoring techniques offer a versatile tool to study marine mammals, particularly in polar ocean environments where ship access is often limited and visual sighting conditions can be compromised by light availability and weather. In this talk I will provide an introduction on passive acoustic techniques, how they can be applied and what type of data they generate. Three case studies serve to illustrate how passive acoustic techniques have contributed to fundamentally improve the knowledge status on cetacean and pinniped species in Antarctic waters.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 10
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    ETAW: Exploring the thermal and technological limits of automatic whale detection (2016)
    In:  EPIC3The effects of noise on aquatic life, Dublin, Ireland, 2016-07-10-2016-07-15
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-25
    Description: Thermographic imaging has been shown to reliably detect marine mammals, both day and night, for operational mitigation in polar and subpolar waters (Zitterbart et al., 2013), with encouraging findings having recently been reported for temperate waters (NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 2015). As thermographic imaging is based on thermal contrast between whale body or blow and the sea surface, thermographic discriminability is expected to wane with increasing sea surface temperatures. ETAW explored the upper sea surface temperature limit of this approach by deploying high-end thermal cameras on North Stradbroke Island, Queensland, Australia (subtropical conditions) and on both the North and South shore of Kauai, HI, USA (tropical conditions). The study design included both acquisition of thermographic video as well as concurrent visual sightings, including double-blind setups. Our findings show, that cues of humpback whales are thermally discriminable even under the highest sea surface temperatures encountered (26°C / 79°F). Thermal discriminability and performance of computer based automatic detection of cues, appear, as based on the (subjective) experience gained in the field, to be more dependent on covariates such as camera height, sea-state and glare than on sea surface temperature. While increasing sea surface temperatures appear to reduce the operational radius of thermographic images (yet not below typical mitigation radii of 1-3 km), they did not render cues entirely indistinguishable from the background image, while glare and increased sea states caused increased numbers of false alerts. Comparisons of different IR technologies (scanning LWIR 8 – 12µm, focal plane array LWIR 8.0 – 9.4µm, focal plane array MWIR 3.7 – 5.5µm) suggest that the broadband LWIR sensor produced the clearest image least affected by glare. Tests of polarization filters in different orientations revealed that glare is somewhat, but not significantly reduced, for horizontal polarization orientation, but that benefits are outweighed by image degeneration due to the additional optics, at least for the high temperature resolution required in this application.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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