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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-1421
    Keywords: EH pH diagrams ; seawater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract EH pH diagrams have been calculated using the PHREEQC programme in order to establish the predominance fields of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and As in bottom waters from the Angola Basin. Predominance fields are presented separately for both aquatic species and solid mineral phases in order to simplify interpretation of the data. The diagrams show significant differences from standard EH pH diagrams for these elements calculated for freshwater at 25 °C and 1 bar which assume an element concentration of 10-6 M. In particular, our diagrams show that Mn2+ and NiCO 3 0 are the predominant aquatic species for Mn and Ni in bottom seawater and FeOOH, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoFe2O4, CuFe2O4, CuFeO2, and Ba3 (AsO4)2 the predominant solid phases for Fe, Co, Cu and As, respectively. Mn and Ni are therefore undersaturated and Fe, Co, Cu and As supersaturated in bottom seawater from the Angola Basin. Neither rhodochrosite (MnCO3) nor siderite (FeCO3) can form in this marine environment in equilibrium with seawater. A mixed Mn-Ca carbonate is therefore formed within the pore waters of reducing sediments. The high Ni/Cu ratios in cobalt-rich manganese crusts formed adjacent to the oxygen minimum zone may be explained by the change from Cu2+ to CuCl 3 2- as the dominant aquatic species of Cu in seawater at an EH of +0.48 V.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1165
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract On the basis of thermodynamical modelling it was proves that pressure and temperature variations may induce precipitation of barite, anhydrite/gypsum and celestite in geothermyl power plants. The precipitation dynamics of earth-alkaline sulfates has been investigated in a column experiment simulating in-situ conditions for pressure, temperature, and salinity (216 g/l). In this paper we describe the experimental setup for simulating pressures up to 250 bar and high temperatures in a sandstone core. Additional precipitation experiments confirmed the expected second-orer reaction for the precipitation of barite at a medium rate of 2.5 · 10 −4 l · mg −1 · h −1 . The experiments show that the solubility of barite (2.5 mg/l Ba and 450 mg/ISO 4 ) is higher than the model forecast. Precipitation of celestite and anhydrite/gypsum was not observed. During the column experiments with a sandstone core under in-situ conditions no precipitation of barite, anhydrite/gypsum and celestite took place.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Wie geochemisch-thermodynamische Modellierungen gezeigt haben, können während des Betriebs einer geothermischen Heizanlage durch Druck- und Temperaturveränderungen Baryt, Anhydrit/Gips oder Cölestin ausfallen. Das Fällungsverhalten der Erdalkalisulfate wurde unter In-situ-Bedingungen (Druck, Temperatur, Salinität 216 g/l) in einem Durchströmungsversuch bestimmt. Es wird eine Durchströmungsanlage vorgestellt, die Drucke bis zu 250 bar und hohe Temperaturen bei der Durchströmung eines Sandsteinkerns zuläßt. Ergänzende Fällungsexperimente bestätigen eine zu erwartende Reaktion zweiter Ordnung bei der Kristallisation von Baryt mit einer mittleren Geschwindigkeitskonstanten von 2,5 · 10 −4 l · mg −1 · h −1 . Die real lösliche Menge Baryt (2,5 mg/l Ba und 450 mg/ISO 4 ) ist höher als das thermodynamische Gleichgewicht vorhersagt. Cölestin und Anhydrit oder Gipsausfällungen konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Bei der Durchströmung des Sandsteinkerns unter In-situ-Bedingungen findet keine Ausfällung von Baryt, Anhydrit/Gips oder Cölestin statt. Obwohl Kristallisationskeime im Sandstein vorhanden sind, erfolgt keine Fällung aus den metastabilen Lösungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1165
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A sediment core for investigating porewater and solid constituents was taken from a reservoir at the river Ruhr (Schwerte, Germany). Balances of calculated porewater fluxes lead to a new evaluation of the role of the organic rich sediment for the maintainance of redox reactions that are observed during the infiltration into the underlying aquifer. The results prove that it is possible to balance the electron demand with the particulate organic matter that is trapped in the limnic sediment. As a consequence the formerly predicted downstream movement of redox fronts in the infiltrated aquifer will not be observed if sedimentation and water chemistry won't change dramatically. The determined trace element contents of porewater and sediments show the improved water quality of the river Ruhr throughout the last decades. Especially concentration profiles of the trace elements copper, arsenic and molybdenum give evidence of a flood catastrophy in 1943, caused by the destroyal of the reservoir Möhnetalsperre, located some kilometers upstream.
    Notes: Kurzfassung An Sedimenten des Ruhrstausees Hengsen (Schwerte) wurden geochemische Untersuchungen des Porenwassers und der Festphase durchgeführt. Durch die Bilanzierungen von Stoffflüssen gelingt es, die bisher unterschätzte Rolle des Sediments als Kohlenstoffquelle für die Aufrechterhaltung der Redoxreaktionen bei der Infiltration des Oberflächenwassers ins Grundwasser abzuschätzen. Die Ergebnisse belegen, daß es möglich ist, den gesamten Kohlenstoffbedarf aus dem Seesediment zu decken. Damit erklärt sich die aktuelle Lage der Redoxreaktionsfronten, die sich, entgegen früherer Prognosen, innerhalb des letzten Jahrzehnts in Richtung der Infiltration verlagert haben, wodurch bereits am Stauseerand eine abgeschlossene Sulfatreduktion beobachtet wird. Die ermittelten Spurengehalte der Festphase spiegeln die zunehmende Verbesserung der Ruhrwasserqualität wider. Vor allem die Elemente Kupfer, Arsen und Molybdän weisen auf einen wichtigen Leithorizont in, der auf den Bruch der flußaufwärts gelegenen Möhnentalsperre im Jahre 1943 zurückzuführen ist.
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  • 4
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Offa, Berichte und Mitteilungen zur Urgeschichte, Frühgeschichte und Mittelalterarchäologie, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 35, pp. 11-35
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 5
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 2, pp. 10-20
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Umschau, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 12, pp. 390-39
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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