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  • wood anatomy  (4)
  • scanning electron microscopy  (3)
  • 1
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    Vestured pits: a diagnostic character in the secondary xylem of Myrtales (2008)
    In:  Journal of Tropical Forest Science vol. 20 no. 4, pp. 147-155
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Vestures are small projections from the secondary cell wall associated with tracheary elements of the secondary xylem. They are usually associated with bordered pits and characterize various angiosperm families, including important timber species such as Dipterocarpaceae and Eucalyptus trees. The micromorphology and distribution of vestures were studied in 22 species representing all families within the order Myrtales based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Vestures are consistently present near the outer pit aperture of bordered vessel pits, suggesting the synapomorphic character of this feature for the entire order. It is unclear in which geological period this feature originated in the evolution of the pre-Myrtalean lineages. In some species vestures are associated with inner pit apertures, inner vessel walls, simple perforation plates, depressions of the cell wall and bordered pits of tracheids or fibre-tracheids. A compact network of branched vestures almost completely filling the entire pit chamber is the most common vestured pit type in Myrtales, although considerable variation may occur within a wood sample. The micromorphology of vestures seems to some extent correlated with quantitative pit characters. Understanding the exact function of vestured pits with respect to hydraulic efficiency and safety remains a challenge.
    Keywords: vestures ; wood anatomy ; bordered pits ; Myrtales ; scanning electron microscopy ; light microscopy ; tracheary elements
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Intervascular pit membranes with a torus in the wood of Ulmus (Ulmaceae) and related genera (2004)
    In:  New Phytologist vol. 163, pp. 51-59
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: \xe2\x80\xa2 The distribution of intervascular pit membranes with a torus was investigated in juvenile wood samples of 19 species of Ulmus and seven related genera.\n\xe2\x80\xa2 A staining solution of safranin and alcian blue (35 : 65) was recommended to distinguish torus-bearing pit membranes using light microscopy.\n\xe2\x80\xa2 Intervascular pit membranes connecting relatively wide vessel elements resembled those of most angiosperms, as they were of uniform thickness. By contrast, bordered pit pairs with round to oval pit apertures and indistinct pit canals that connected narrow (incomplete) vessel elements or vascular tracheids with distinct helical thickenings were frequently characterized by a torus in ring-porous wood samples of Ulmus and Zelkova. Tori were lacking in diffuse-porous species of Ampelocera, Aphananthe, Gironniera, Holoptelea, Phyllostylon, Trema and Ulmus.\n\xe2\x80\xa2 Our observations suggest that tori are more common in cold temperate climates than in warm (sub)tropical environments. This may indicate that narrow tracheary elements with torus-bearing pit membranes provide an auxiliary conducting system which is of low conductivity, but offers greater resistance to freezing-induced cavitation.
    Keywords: Ulmus (elm) ; Ulmaceae ; pit membrane ; torus ; pit structure ; wood anatomy ; tracheary elements
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Do quantitative vessel and pit characters account for ion-mediated changes in the hydraulic conductance of angiosperm xylem? (2011)
    In:  New Phytologist vol. 189, pp. 218-228
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: \xe2\x80\xa2 The hydraulic conductance of angiosperm xylem has been suggested to vary with changes in sap solute concentrations because of intervessel pit properties.\n\xe2\x80\xa2 The magnitude of the \xe2\x80\x98ionic effect\xe2\x80\x99 was linked with vessel and pit dimensions in 20 angiosperm species covering 13 families including six Lauraceae species.\n\xe2\x80\xa2 A positive correlation was found between ionic effect and vessel grouping parameters, especially the portion of vessel walls in contact with neighbouring vessels. Species with intervessel contact fraction (FC) values 〈 0.1 showed an ionic effect between 2% and 17%, while species with FC values 〉 0.1 exhibited a response between 10% and 32%. The ionic effect increased linearly with the mean fraction of the total vessel wall area occupied by intervessel pits as well as with the intervessel contact length. However, no significant correlation occurred between the ionic effect and total intervessel pit membrane area per vessel, vessel diameter, vessel length, vessel wall area, and intervessel pit membrane thickness.\n\xe2\x80\xa2 Quantitative vessel and pit characters are suggested to contribute to interspecific variation of the ionic effect, whereas chemical properties of intervessel pit membranes are likely to play an additional role.
    Keywords: angiosperms ; hydraulic conductivity ; intervessel pit membrane ; ionic effect ; vessel grouping ; wood anatomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Comparative Wood Anatomy of the Primuloid Clade (Ericales s.l.) (2005)
    In:  Systematic Botany vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 163-183
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The wood structure of 78 species from 27 genera representing the woody primuloids (Maesaceae, Myrsinaceae, and Theophrastaceae) was investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that the ray structure, the nature of mineral inclusions, and the occurrence of breakdown areas in rays can be used to separate the three primuloid families from each other. Within Ericales, the presence of exclusively multiseriate rays is synapomorphic for Myrsinaceae and Theophrastaceae, and the occurrence of breakdown areas in rays is synapomorphic for Myrsinaceae. Within Myrsinaceae, the wood structure of the mangrove genus Aegiceras differs because it has short vessel elements that are storied, non-septate fibers, a combination of low uni- and multiseriate rays, and multiseriate rays with exclusively procumbent body ray cells. The aberrant wood anatomy of Coris and Lysimachia can be explained by their secondary woodiness. Within Theophrastaceae, Clavija and Theophrasta can be distinguished from Bonellia, Jacquinia, and Deherainia. The recent division of Jacquinia s.l. into Jacquinia s.s. and Bonellia is supported by a difference in mineral inclusions.
    Keywords: primuloids ; Ericales s.l. ; Maesaceae ; Myrsinaceae ; Theophrastaceae ; wood anatomy ; comparison ; light microscopy ; scanning electron microscopy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 5
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    The phylogenetic significance of vestured pits in Boraginaceae (2010)
    In:  TAXON vol. 59 no. 2, pp. 510-516
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The bordered pit structure in tracheary elements of 105 Boraginaceae species is studied using scanning electron microscopy to examine the systematic distribution of vestured pits. Forty-three species out of 16 genera show a uniform presence of this feature throughout their secondary xylem. Most vestures are small, unbranched and associated with the outer pit aperture of bordered intervessel pits. The feature is likely to have originated independently in the distantly related subfamilies Boraginoideae (tribe Lithospermeae) and Ehretioideae. The distribution of vestures in Ehretia agrees with recent molecular phylogenies: (1) species with vestured pits characterise the Ehretia I group (incl. Rotula), and (2) species with non-vestured pits belong to the Ehretia II group (incl. Carmona). The occurrence of vestured pits in Hydrolea provides additional support for excluding this genus from Hydrophylloideae, since Hydrolea is the only species of this subfamily with vestured pits. Functional advantages of vestured pits promoting parallel evolution of this conservative feature are suggested. The hydraulic benefits of poorly developed vestures remain underinvestigated.
    Keywords: Boraginaceae ; Boraginoideae ; bordered pit ; Ehretioideae ; scanning electron microscopy ; vestures
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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