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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: isozymes ; polymorphisms ; paternity ; maternity ; pedigree ; Saimiri
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Family data for 14 biochemical genetic markers of squirrel monkeys (genusSaimiri) were derived from 73 pedigreed progeny and both parents of each, as well as from 16 additional progeny and one parent of each. The data for each marker and the phenotypic patterns were consistent with autosomal codominant inheritance. It was concluded from the genetic marker data that the pedigree records of seven progeny were incorrect. Retrospective investigations of colony records followed by typing of animals that might possibly have been a parent enabled five of the pedigree records to be corrected. Although five of the pedigree errors were cases of mistaken paternity, the other two apparently were the consequence of infant swapping between dams shortly after birth. Because squirrel monkeys exhibit a high degree of allomaternal behavior, infant swapping between dams may occur more frequently than in many other nonhuman primate species.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: protease inhibitor ; polymorphism ; genetics ; Monodelphis domestica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Protease inhibitor (PI) polymorphism was observed in the laboratory opossum,Monodelphis domestica, by either one-dimensional acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE; pH 4.6) or isoelectric focusing (pH 3.5-5.0) followed by immunoblotting with rabbit antiserum to human α1-antitrypsin; but acid PAGE produced superior resolution of the PI proteins. Family studies demonstrated an inheritance of nine codominant autosomal alleles,PI D ,PI E ,PI F ,PI G ,PI H ,PI I ,PI J ,PI K , andPI M , and a population study revealed frequencies of 0.411, 0.010, 0.341, 0.034, 0.023, 0.071, 0.035, 0.020, and 0.055, respectively.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: malate dehydrogenase ; isozymes ; marsupials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Starch gel electrophoresis of supernatant malate dehydrogenase (MDH A2) was performed on erythrocyte samples from 505 individual animals representative of 33 marsupial species. Most species exhibited electrophoretically identical forms of MDH A2 activity with the exception of the grey kangaroos, Trichosurus possums, and bandicoots, thus confirming the phylogenetic relatedness of animals within each group and the conservative nature of this enzyme. Polymorphisms were observed in two of the six species analyzed whose mobilities were non-standard. Allelic isozyme patterns and those from interspecies F1 hybrids between grey kangaroos and other macropods were consistent with a dimeric subunit structure and an autosomal locus (MDH-A) encoding the enzyme.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 28 (1990), S. 495-501 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: baboon ; genetics ; isozyme ; mannose-6-phosphate isomerase ; polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Although erythrocytic mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (MPI) has been reported to be undetectable in mammals, we have demonstrated that sufficient activity is present in some species to enable its electrophoretic analysis. A survey of MPI from 2656 baboons revealed four allelic isozymes which segregated codominantly in pedigreed families. The gene frequencies differed significantly among five subspecies of baboons. However, theMPI*C allele had the highest frequency in all subspecies, ranging from 0.830 to 1.000. MPI phenotypes from erythrocytes and liver of the same individual were identical, indicating that the erythrocytic enzyme is specified by the same gene locus as the liver enzyme.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: antithrombin III ; polymorphism ; genetics ; Monodelphis domestica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Antithrombin III polymorphism was observed in the gray short-tailed opossum,Monodelphis domestica, by either one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE; pH 7.9), two-dimensional PAGE (agarose, pH 5.4; 12% T, pH 7.9), or isoelectric focusing (pH 4.2–4.9) followed by immunoblotting with rabbit antiserum to human antithrombin III. Family studies demonstrated an inheritance of three codominant autosomal alleles, AT3A, AT3B, and AT3C, and a population study revealed frequencies of 0.70, 0.10, and 0.20, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: complement factor ; polymorphism ; gene mapping ; linkage ; opossum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sixth and seventh components of complement were found to be polymorphic and tightly linked in the laboratory opossum (Monodelphis domestica), as they are in eutherian mammals. In addition, strong evidence for linkage of theC6–C7 haplotype to the gene for glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) was obtained for females but not for males. This result, combined with previous observations, establishes as a generality that recombination is severely reduced in females of this species by comparison with males. It also establishes synteny ofC6–C7 andGPT in a marsupial species, as exists in mice. Because these loci are not syntenic in humans, the results imply that this synteny is ancestral to the separation of marsupials and eutherians and that it was broken relatively recently in the mammalian lineage leading to human beings. The newly described C6 and C7 polymorphisms provide additional power for developing a linkage map for M. domestica and for localizing genes that confer susceptibility to diseases for which this species is used as a model.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: antithrombin III ; polymorphism ; genetics ; Monodelphis domestica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Antithrombin III polymorphism was observed in the gray short-tailed opossum,Monodelphis domestica, by either one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE; pH 7.9), two-dimensional PAGE (agarose, pH 5.4; 12% T, pH 7.9), or isoelectric focusing (pH 4.2–4.9) followed by immunoblotting with rabbit antiserum to human antithrombin III. Family studies demonstrated an inheritance of three codominant autosomal alleles, AT3A, AT3B, and AT3C, and a population study revealed frequencies of 0.70, 0.10, and 0.20, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: marsupial ; opossum ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; isozymes ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Polyacrylamide gel-isoelectric focusing (PAGE-IEF) methods were used to examine the multiplicity, tissue distribution, and biochemical genetics of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes among gray short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica). Seven ADH isozymes were resolved and distinguished on the basis of their isoelectric points, tissue distributions, and substrate and inhibitor specificities. ADH1 and ADH2 exhibited Class I properties and were observed in liver (and intestine) extracts. ADH3, ADH4, and ADH5 showed “high-K m ” (possibly Class IV) properties, with ADH3 and ADH4 exhibiting high activity in cornea, ear, stomach, and esophagus extracts. ADH6 and ADH7 exhibited Class III properties, including activities as formaldehyde dehydrogenases, with each showing different tissue distribution characteristics; ADH6 was widely distributed, and ADH7 was restricted to prostate extracts. An additional form of formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) was observed, which was inactive with hexenol and ethanol as substrates. Isoelectric point variants were observed for ADH3 (three forms) and for ADH4 (two forms), and the inheritance of ADH3 was studied in 15 families ofM. domestica. The data were consistent with codominant inheritance of two alleles (ADH3*A andADH3*B) at a single autosomal locus (designatedADH3) and with a model involving a dimeric ADH isozyme: ADH3 (γ2 isozyme, forming three dimers designated γ 2 1 , γ1 γ2, and γ 2 2 in heterozygous individuals).
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: marsupial ; opossum ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; isozymes ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Polyacrylamide gel-isoelectric focusing (PAGE-IEF) methods were used to examine the multiplicity, tissue distribution, and biochemical genetics of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes among gray short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica). Seven ADH isozymes were resolved and distinguished on the basis of their isoelectric points, tissue distributions, and substrate and inhibitor specificities. ADH1 and ADH2 exhibited Class I properties and were observed in liver (and intestine) extracts. ADH3, ADH4, and ADH5 showed “high-K m ” (possibly Class IV) properties, with ADH3 and ADH4 exhibiting high activity in cornea, ear, stomach, and esophagus extracts. ADH6 and ADH7 exhibited Class III properties, including activities as formaldehyde dehydrogenases, with each showing different tissue distribution characteristics; ADH6 was widely distributed, and ADH7 was restricted to prostate extracts. An additional form of formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) was observed, which was inactive with hexenol and ethanol as substrates. Isoelectric point variants were observed for ADH3 (three forms) and for ADH4 (two forms), and the inheritance of ADH3 was studied in 15 families ofM. domestica. The data were consistent with codominant inheritance of two alleles (ADH3*A andADH3*B) at a single autosomal locus (designatedADH3) and with a model involving a dimeric ADH isozyme: ADH3 (γ2 isozyme, forming three dimers designated γ 2 1 , γ1 γ2, and γ 2 2 in heterozygous individuals).
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: aldehyde dehydrogenase ; isozymes ; opossum ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAGE-IEF), cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and histochemical techniques were used to examine the tissue and subcellular distribution, genetics and biochemical properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes in a didelphid marsupial, the gray short-tail opossum (Monodelphis domestica). At least 14 zones of activity were resolved by PAGE-IEF and divided into five isozyme groups and three ALDH classes, based upon comparisons with properties previously reported for human, baboon, rat, and mouse ALDHs. Opossum liver ALDHs were distributed among cytosol (ALDHs 1 and 5) and large granular (mitochondrial) fractions (ALDHs 2 and 5). Similarly, kidney ALDHs were distributed between the cytosol (ALDH5) and the mitochondrial fractions (ALDHs 2, 4, and 5), whereas a major isozyme (ALDH3), found in high activity in cornea, esophagus, ear pinna, tail, and stomach extracts, was localized predominantly in the cytosol fraction. Phenotypic variants of the latter enzyme were shown to be inherited in a normal Mendelian fashion, with two alleles at a single locus (ALDH3) showing codominant expression. The data provided evidence for genetic identity of corneal, ear pinna, tail, and stomach ALDH3 and supported biochemical evidence from other mammalian species that this enzyme has a dimeric subunit structure.
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