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  • international  (2)
  • males  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionizing radiation and breast cancer in men (United States) (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 5 (1994), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast neoplasms ; ionizing radiation ; males ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purposes of this study were to determine whether exposure of the vestigial male breast to ionizing radiation is associated with an increase in risk of breast cancer and, if so, to determine whether the apparent effects on risk in men are similar to those reported for women. A population-based case-control study of breast cancer in men was conducted in 10 geographic areas of the United States. Information on possible prior exposure to ionizing radiation, and on other potential risk factors for breast cancer, was obtained from personal interviews of 227 cases and 300 controls who were recruited from October 1983 to September 1986. Evidence from this study that ionizing radiation can cause breast cancer in men includes: a modest trend of increasing risk with frequency of chest X-rays; an increase in risk in men with three or more radiographic examinations, especially if received prior to 1963; and an increase in risk in men who received X-ray treatments to the chest and adjacent body areas. Risk was increased only from 20 to 35 years after initial exposure from either radiographic examinations or X-ray treatments, and declined after three to four decades since last exposure, suggesting a wave of increased risk of finite duration following exposure. The doses of radiation received could not be estimated precisely, but those from diagnostic procedures were likely similar to those received by prepubertal females in prior studies, and the results of those and the present investigation are compatible. The carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation may be similar in the male and prepubertal female breast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01830721
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk of breast cancer in relation to use of combined oral contraceptives near the age of menopause (1991)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 2 (1991), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; case-control study ; international ; menopause ; oral contraceptive use
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Data from a multinational, hospital-based, case-control study were analyzed to determine whether use of combined oral contraceptives (OC) around the time of menopause preferentially increases risk of breast cancer. Results show that the relative risk (RR) of breast cancer was increased in women of all ages who had used oral contraceptives within the past year, but not to a greater extent in women near the age of menopause than in younger women. RRs did not increase with duration of OC use after age 45 in either pre- or postmenopausal women. RRs also were not found to be higher in women who were using OCs near the time of either a natural or artificial menopause than in women who used them at other times. This study thus provides no support for the hypothesis that OCs enhance risk of breast cancer by a greater amount when taken around the time of menopause than when taken at other times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054299
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive factors in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 3 (1992), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Case-control study ; international ; liver cancer ; parity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in four developing countries were analyzed to evaluate the role of reproductive factors in the etiology of liver cancer. Eighty-three patients newly diagnosed with primary liver cancer and 596 matched controls between the ages of 15 and 56 years completed study interviews. The relative risk of hepatocellular carcinoma was elevated significantly in women of high gravidity, an association that was attributable to the effects of full-term pregnancies. The adjusted relative-risk estimate in women who had ever had a full-term pregnancy was 1.6 (95 percent confidence interval=0.6–4.1), and risk increased directly with the number of full-term pregnancies (P for trend = 0.03), rising to 3.8 among women with seven or more births compared to women with one to two births. Induced abortions and a history of miscarriage were unrelated to risk. These findings were unchanged after adjustment for a history of jaundice, lifetime number of sexual partners, or age at first sexual intercourse—variables which may be related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure. Serum samples to determine HBV status were not collected, however, and it is not known whether the observed associations are independent of prior HBV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051910
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histologic types and hormone receptors in breast cancer in men: a population-based study in 282 United States men (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; breast pathology ; histologic classification ; hormone receptors ; males ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histologic slides from 282 incident cases of breast cancer in men, that were identified in 10 population-based cancer registries in the United States, were reviewed by a single pathologist. Breast cancer more often presented in the noninvasive stage in men (10.8 percent of all cases) than would be expected among women. All noninvasive carcinomas were of the ductal type. Of invasive carcinomas, compared with women, men had smaller proportions of lobular and mucinous types and larger proportions of ductal and papillary types and Paget's disease. No case of tubular or medullary carcinoma was seen. The breast in men is composed only of ducts and normally contains no lobules, and the histologic types of breast carcinomas that predominate in men are likely of ductal origin. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were present in 86.7 percent and 76.3 percent of invasive carcinomas, respectively, which are higher proportions than would be expected among women. Also, unlike findings in women, receptor content was not associated with patient age at diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053155
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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