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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cuticular hydrocarbons of tsetse flies II:Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, G. palpalis palpalis, G. p. gambiensis, G. tachinoides, andG. brevipalpis (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 963-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cuticular hydrocarbons ; alkanes ; methylalkanes ; trimethylalkanes ; tetramethylalkanes ; Glossina spp. ; Diptera ; Glossinidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The alkanes (methylalkanes) were analyzed from both sexes of four members of thepalpalis group of tsetse flies,Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, G. palpalis gambiensis, G. palpalis palpalis, G. tachinoides plus onefusca group member, G. brevipalpis, to determine structures, abundances, and the presence of unique or specific methylalkanes. These insects are unique in that trimethylalkanes were major components except in femaleG. tachinoides and both sexes ofG. brevipalpis where 2-methylalkanes were the major components. The identification of novel long-chain tetramethylalkanes, including 11,15,19,23-tetramethylpentatriacontane, a minor component of femaleG. f. fuscipes, G. p. gambiensis, andG. p. palpalis, is reported here. Tetramethylalkanes were significant components of both sexes ofG. brevipalpis. The major tetramethylalkane in G.brevipalpis is 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhen-triacontane. The use of the methylalkanes as taxonomic indicators in tsetse is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018787
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elution Patterns from Capillary GC for Methyl-Branched Alkanes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 1845-1865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hydrocarbons ; alkanes ; methyl-branched hydrocarbons ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; insects ; GC-MS data ; retention indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A common and confusing problem in analyses of insect hydrocarbons is in making sense of complicated gas chromatograms and interpreting mass spectra since branched chain compounds differing by one or two carbons in backbone or chain length may elute from the column at nearly the same time. To address this confusing situation, relative gas chromatography (GC) retention times are presented for typical mono-, di-, tri-, and tetramethylalkanes comprising most of the commonly appearing series of homologous methyl-branched alkanes up to 53 carbons that are found in insect cuticular hydrocarbons. Typical insect-derived methylalkanes with backbones of 33 carbons were characterized by Kovats indices (KI); monomethyl alkanes elute between KI 3328 and 3374, dimethylalkanes elute between KI 3340 and 3410, trimethylalkanes elute between KI 3378 and 3437, and tetramethylalkanes elute between KI 3409 and 3459, depending upon the positions of substituents. A protocol is described for identification of methyl-branched hydrocarbons eluted from nonpolar polysiloxane DB-1 capillary GC columns. In this protocol, retention indices (KI values) are assigned to peaks, then the patterns in GC peaks that probably contain homologs are marked to assist subsequent GC-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) interpretation. Use of the KI allows assignment of likely structures and the elimination of others, with demonstrative consistency, as there are no known exceptions. Interpretation of electron ionization mass spectra can then proceed within narrowed structural possibilities without the necessity of chemical ionization GC-MS analysis. Also included are specific examples of insect hydrocarbons that were assembled from 30 years of the literature, and these are intended to help with confirmation of confusing or contradictory structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022311701355
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecific variation in tephritid fruit fly larvae surface hydrocarbons (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 23 (1993), S. 53-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: Anasterpha ; extract ; discriminant analysis ; alkanes ; gas-liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Hydrocarbons extracted from seven species of tephritid fruit fly larvae were analyzed using capillary column gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Interspecific variation in hydrocarbon patterns was evaluated using both classical and nonparametric discriminant analysis for four of the seven Anastrepha taxa; A. acris, A. Fraterculus, A. suspensa and A. obliqua. Three of the four taxa, excluding A. acris, were correctly classified using a linear discriminant model at 72-83% and a nonparametric kernel density discriminant model at 87-92%. © 1993 Wiley-Liss. Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940230202
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