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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of the seminiferous epithelium of the rat testis to withdrawal of androgen: evidence for direct effect upon intercellular spaces associated with Sertoli cell junctional complexes (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testis ; Sertoli cells ; Testosterone ; Hypophysectomy ; Ethane dimethanesulphonate ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The morphological response of the Sertoli cells to partial or complete withdrawal of testosterone was studied in adult rats following hypophysectomy or administration of ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS), a toxicant known to destroy selectively the Leydig cells of the testis. To assess the role of germ cells in effecting changes to Sertoli cells following withdrawal of testosterone, germ cell-deficient rats with Sertoli-cell-only testes (SCO) were treated with EDS to remove the source of testosterone. At 6 days after hypophysectomy or 4,6 and 8 days after EDS treatment, stage VII and VIII seminiferous tubules showed degenerating germ cells and numerous basally-located vacuoles approximately 1–15 μm in diameter. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that most of the vacuoles were multiple focal dilations of the intercellular space associated with Sertoli cell junctional complexes. In SCO rats, treatment with EDS resulted in a significant (P〈0.05) increase in the formation of many vacuoles particularly in the base but also in the trunk of the Sertoli cells and again electron microscopic analysis showed multiple, localized expansions of the intercellular space associated with Sertoli cell junctional complexes. The appearance of intercellular spaces in SCO testes following androgen withdrawal cannot be attributed to shrinkage of degenerating germ cells since the seminiferous tubules did not contain germ cells. It is concluded that withdrawal of androgen induces early morphological alterations of the Sertoli cell junctional complexes in which the sites of membrane fusions representing tight junctions remain intact whereas the intercellular spaces exhibit major focal dilations. The results are discussed in relation to the fluid secretion by the seminiferous tubules which is regulated by the Sertoli cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327996
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testosterone and FSH have independent, synergistic and stage-dependent effects upon spermatogenesis in the rat testis (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 268 (1992), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testis ; Spermatogenesis ; FSH ; Testosterone ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult rats were hypophysectomized and treated with ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS) selectively to eliminate the Leydig cells in the testis. By removing the source of endogenous gonadotrophins and androgens, the subsequent effects on the seminiferous epithelium were studied after 20 days of treatment with vehicle, or FSH (2x50 μg/day) or a low dose of testosterone (0.6 mg testosterone esters every 3rd day) alone or in combination. Compared to vehicle-treated hypophysectomized rats with Leydig cells, testis weight in saline-treated hypophysectomized rats treated with EDS declined by 50%, spermatogenesis was disrupted severely and only 18% of the tubules contained spermatids, these being confined to stages I–VI of the spermatogenic cycle. Treatment with either FSH or testosterone esters alone significantly (P〈0.01) increased testis weight compared to vehicle-treated hypophysectomized rats treated with EDS and 40% of tubules contained spermatids either at stages I–VI after FSH, or at all stages I–XIV after testosterone treatment. Treatment with FSH and testosterone esters together maintained testis weights approximately 20% above vehicle-treated hypophysectomized controls; over 70% of the seminiferous tubules contained spermatids and there was a marked stimulation of spermatogenesis at all stages of the spermatogenic cycle. The results suggest, that in the absence of the pituitary gland and the Leydig cells, FSH alone partially supports spermatogenesis up to the development of round spermatids whereas testosterone is capable of maintaining spermatid development at all 14 stages of the cycle. When FSH and testosterone were administered in combination, the effects upon spermatogenesis were far greater than the response expected if their individual effects were simply additive. It is therefore concluded that FSH may play a role in normal spermatogenesis and that this role is essentially that of augmenting the response of the testis to testosterone. The biochemical mechanisms via which this might occur are discussed and hypophysectomized rats treated with EDS used in the present studies should provide a useful approach for their identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338067
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stage-Dependent changes in spermatogenesis and sertoli cells in relation to the onset of spermatogenic failure following withdrawal of testosterone (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 235 (1993), S. 547-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; Testosterone ; Germ cell degeneration ; Testis ; Rat ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rapid and complete withdrawal of intratesticular testosterone was achieved via the destruction of all Leydig cells with the specific Leydig cell cytotoxin ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS). Restoration of testosterone levels was accomplished by administration of a single dose (25 mg) of testosterone esters (T) known to reverse the antispermatogenic effects of androgen withdrawal. Quantitation of the degenerating germ cells in cross sections of seminiferous tubules (ST) at stages IV-V, VII, IX, and X-XI of the spermatogenic cycle was used as a sensitive biological index of the effects of testosterone withdrawal and restoration upon the function of the Sertoli cells. Compared to control testicular tissues, the mean numbers of pyknotic germ cells per ST cross section at stages VII, IX and X-XI increased significantly (P 〈 0.01-0.001) between 4 to 8 days post-EDS treatment, but only in stage VII tubules was this trend reversed significantly (P 〈 0.005) within 2 days by T supplementation. In EDS-treated rats, stages VII, VIII, IX, and X-XI also exhibited significant (P 〈 0.05-0.001) increases (compared to controls) in the volumetric proportions by which intraepithelial vacuoles appeared within the seminiferous tubules. Again, in EDS+T supplemented rats, the appearance of vacuoles was significantly (P 〈 0.001) suppressed in stage VII and VIII. In contrast to tubules at stages VII-XI, those at stages IV-V were completely unaffected by testosterone withdrawal or replacement. The results show that at selected time intervals after EDS treatment, testosterone supplementation is capable of preventing/reversing these morphological changes within 2 days in stage VII tubules. It is suggested that the induction and subsequent prevention of seminiferous epithelial damage will serve as an important in vivo and in vitro approach for studies on the androgen-mediated changes in Sertoli cell biology during phases of impairment and recovery of their function. Manipulation of adult Sertoli cell function as provided by our model should permit identification of androgen-regulated gene products together with an understanding of their role(s) in normal and abnormal spermatogenesis. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092350407
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