Keywords:
Sediment transport.
;
Electronic books.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (719 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780444635396
Series Statement:
Issn Series ; v.Volume 68
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=4179310
DDC:
551.3
Language:
English
Note:
Front Cover -- Fluvial-Tidal Sedimentology -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part 1: Context -- Chapter 1: Deciphering the relative importance of fluvial and tidal processes in the fluvial-marine transition -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Process Framework for the Fluvial-Tidal Transition -- 1.3. Setting of the Case Studies Used in This Chapter -- 1.3.1. Lajas Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina -- 1.3.2. McMurray Formation, Northern Alberta -- 1.3.3. Neslen Formation, Book Cliffs, Utah -- 1.3.4. Tilje Formation, Offshore Norway -- 1.3.5. Bluesky Formation, Peace River Area, Alberta -- 1.4. Description and Interpretation of the Case Studies -- 1.4.1. Case Study1: Lower Lajas Formation -- 1.4.2. Case Study2: McMurray Formation -- 1.4.3. Case Study3: Middle Lajas Formation -- 1.4.4. Case Study4: Middle Neslen Formation -- 1.4.5. Case Study5: Middle Neslen Formation -- 1.4.6. Case Study6: Tilje Formation -- 1.4.7. Case Study7: Bluesky Formation -- 1.5. Discussion -- 1.6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part 2: Modern -- Chapter 2: Estuarine turbidity maxima revisited: Instrumental approaches, remote sensing, modeling studies, and new direction -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.1.1. Purpose: Toward a New Understanding -- 2.1.2. What Is an ETM and Why Does It Matter? -- 2.1.3. Scope of Paper -- 2.2. In Situ Measurements: Recent Advances -- 2.2.1. Acoustical Measurements and Instruments -- 2.2.1.1. Uses of the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter -- 2.2.1.2. ADCP methods -- 2.2.1.3. Other acoustic methods -- 2.2.2. Optical Measurements and Instruments -- 2.2.2.1. Optical backscatter sensors -- 2.2.2.2. The laser in situ scattering transmissometer -- 2.2.2.3. Holography and floc cameras -- 2.2.2.4. Inherent optical property measurements and theoretical modeling of particle optics.
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2.3. Building an Integral Understanding of ETM via Remote Sensing: Possibilities and Challenges -- 2.3.1. Measuring Turbidity Remotely -- 2.3.2. Lessons Learned from Remote Measurements in Estuaries -- 2.4. ETM Dynamic: Insights from Theory, Modeling and Observations -- 2.4.1. Estuarine Circulation and ETM Formation -- 2.4.2. The Traditional Model -- 2.4.3. More Complex Models -- 2.4.4. Integral Analysis of a Channelized ETM -- 2.5. Discussion: Toward a More Complete Understanding of ETM Dynamics -- 2.5.1. Making Use of New In Situ and Remote Sensing Capabilities -- 2.5.2. Dynamical Questions -- 2.5.2.1. Trapping mechanisms and the material trapped -- 2.5.2.2. Nonstationary aspects of ETM -- 2.5.2.3. Distinguishing human and climatic impacts on ETM dynamics and ecosystems -- 2.5.2.4. ETM dynamics and contaminants -- 2.6. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Sedimentological trends across the tidal-fluvial transition, Fraser River, Canada: A review and some broader impli -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.1.1. Fraser River, Canada -- 3.2. Depositional Trends Across the TFT of the Fraser River -- 3.2.1. Sedimentological Trends -- 3.2.2. Ichnological Trends -- 3.2.3. Palynological and Geochemical Trends -- 3.3. The Broader Implications of Depositional Trends from the Lower Fraser River -- 3.3.1. Expected Variations in Depositional Trends -- 3.4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Three-dimensional meander bend flow within the tidally influenced fluvial zone -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Methods -- 4.2.1. Field Area -- 4.2.2. Field Methods -- 4.3. Results -- 4.3.1. High River-Neap Tide -- 4.3.2. Low River-Spring Tide -- 4.3.3. Repeated Bend Apex Measurements at LRST -- 4.4. Discussion -- 4.5. Conclusions -- References.
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Chapter 5: Sedimentology of a tidal point-bar within the fluvial-tidal transition: River Severn Estuary, UK -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Severn Estuary -- 5.2.1. Sampling Sites -- 5.3. Methods -- 5.3.1. Stratigraphic Descriptions -- 5.3.1.1. Pollen descriptions -- 5.4. Results -- 5.4.1. Sedimentary Facies -- 5.4.1.1. F1: Red mudstone -- 5.4.1.2. F2: Blue clay facies -- 5.4.1.3. F3: Poorly sorted coarse sand and gravel facies -- 5.4.1.4. F4: Homogeneous sand facies -- 5.4.1.5. F5: Heterolithic facies -- 5.4.1.6. F6: Orange-brown silty-mud facies -- 5.4.1.7. F7: Gray-dark organic matter stratification in a mud matrix facies -- 5.4.1.8. F8: Gray-brown marsh facies -- 5.4.2. Summary of Facies Assemblages -- 5.4.3. Distinctiveness of the Transitional Facies Assemblage -- 5.4.3.1. The first unit is the marsh (F8) facies -- 5.4.3.2. The second unit is the heterolithic facies (F5) -- 5.4.3.3. The third unit is constituted of fine to coarse sand (F3+F4) -- 5.4.3.4. Box tray samples of Rodley sand bar -- 5.4.4. Pollen -- 5.4.4.1. Fluvial (Core 4) -- 5.4.4.2. Transition (Core 5) -- 5.4.4.3. Marine (Core 7) -- 5.4.4.4. Detrended correspondence analysis -- 5.4.5. Diatoms -- 5.4.5.1. Fluvial (Core 4) -- 5.4.5.2. Transitional (Core 5) -- 5.4.5.3. Marine (Core 7) -- 5.5. Discussion -- 5.5.1. Allogenic Processes -- 5.5.2. Autogenic Processes -- 5.5.3. Model of Deposition -- 5.6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part 3: Ancient -- Chapter 6: Mid to late Holocene geomorphological and sedimentological evolution of the fluvial-tidal zone: Lower Columbia Riv -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Background -- 6.2.1. LCR: Geological Setting and Study Reach -- 6.3. Methodologies -- 6.3.1. Sediment Core Collection and OSL Sampling -- 6.3.2. OSL Laboratory Analysis -- 6.4. Results -- 6.4.1. Mid-Holocene to Present Depositional Patterns.
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6.4.2. LCR Depositional Patterns: 4.3-2.0ka -- 6.4.3. LCR Depositional Patterns: 2.0-1.0ka -- 6.4.4. LCR Depositional Patterns: 1.0ka to Present -- 6.5. Discussion -- 6.5.1. LCR Mid to Late Holocene Depositional Setting: "Bay-Head Delta" Hypothesis? -- 6.5.2. LCR Mid to Late Holocene Geomorphic/Sedimentological Model -- 6.6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: Palaeo-Orinoco (Pliocene) channels on the tide-dominated Morne L'Enfer delta lobes and estuaries, SW Trinidad -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Geological Background -- 7.2.1. Regional Tectonic and Stratigraphic Setting -- 7.2.2. Methodology and Data Sets -- 7.2.3. Architecture of Deltaic and Estuarine Units in the MLE Succession -- 7.3. Palaeo-Orinoco Context of Tidal-Fluvial Channels -- 7.4. Criteria for the Recognition of Tidal Signals in and Around the Channels -- 7.4.1. Fluid mud Layers -- 7.4.2. Palaeoflow Indicators: Bidirectional Ripples -- 7.4.3. Cross-Strata -- 7.4.4. Tidal Rhythmites -- 7.4.4.1. Rhythmites with tidal bundling from asymmetric tidal cycles (with double mud drapes) -- 7.4.4.2. Tidal bundling from a series of spring-neap tides -- 7.4.5. Flaser (Frequent Mud Drapes), Wavy, Lenticular, and "Pin-Stripe" Bedding -- 7.5. Examples of Palaeo-Orinoco Tidal-Fluvial Channels -- 7.5.1. Regressive Channels (Delta Plain and Delta-Front Distributary Channels) -- 7.5.1.1. Fluvial-tidal distributary channels on delta plain or entering embayment -- 7.5.1.2. Fluvial-tidal distributary channels cutting down onto the delta front -- 7.5.2. Transgressive Estuarine Channels -- 7.5.2.1. Transgressive inner estuarine channel -- 7.5.2.2. Transgressive outer estuarine channel -- 7.5.3. Facies Comparison Between Regressive and Transgressive Tidal Channels -- 7.6. Discussion -- 7.7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References.
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Chapter 8: The ichnology of the fluvial-tidal transition: Interplay of ecologic and evolutionary controls -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Ecologic Controls on the Ichnofauna at the Fluvial-Tidal Zone: Insights from Neoichnology -- 8.3. Case Studies -- 8.3.1. Carboniferous of Kansas (Tonganoxie Sandstone Member) -- 8.3.2. Upper Carboniferous of Nova Scotia (Coal Mine Point Channel Body) -- 8.3.3. Upper Carboniferous of Alabama (Mary Lee Coal Zone) -- 8.3.4. Upper Carboniferous of Indiana (Mansfield Formation) -- 8.3.5. Lower Permian of New Mexico (Robledo Mountains Formation) -- 8.3.6. Upper Cretaceous of Spain (Tremp Formation) -- 8.3.7. Lower Oligocene to lower Miocene of Venezuela (Guafita Formation) -- 8.3.8. Lower Miocene of Venezuela (Oficina Formation) -- 8.3.9. Lower Miocene of Northern Brazil (Barreiras Formation) -- 8.3.10. Upper Miocene of Western Brazil (Solimões Formation) -- 8.4. Summary of Observations and Discussion: Ecologic and Evolutionary Controls -- 8.4.1. Ecologic Controls -- 8.4.2. Evolutionary Controls -- 8.5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9: A reappraisal of large, heterolithic channel fills in the upper Permian Rangal Coal Measures of the Bowen Basin, Q -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Geological Setting -- 9.3. Previous Research -- 9.4. Facies Analysis -- 9.5. Evidence for Tidal Influence -- 9.5.1. Stratigraphic Context -- 9.5.2. Inclined Heterolithic Stratification -- 9.5.3. Small-Scale Sedimentary Structures and Trace Fossils -- 9.5.4. Palaeocurrent Data -- 9.5.5. Fossil Fish -- 9.6. Discussion -- 9.7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: Facies and architecture of unusual fluvial-tidal channels with inclined heterolithic strata: Campanian Neslen For -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Regional Geology and Previous Work.
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10.2.1. Neslen and Sego/Corcoran/Cozette Deposits as a Low-Accommodation Interval.
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