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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size and distribution of ganglion cells in the human retina (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 168 (1983), S. 125-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ganglion cells ; Retina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three human retinae have been evaluated for size and distribution of ganglion cells from a study of whole-mount Nissl preparations. With the aid of a data processing program a number of statistical data on the distribution of cell sizes has been attained. The parafoveal region is occupied by small cells. The mean cell diameter increases up to 30° to 40° from the fovea and then decreases further into the periphery. Histograms show homogeneous cell sizes in central retina, but greater variations towards peripheral retina. As all histograms are of a unimodal shape, differentiation of cell groups is difficult. However, the majority of ganglion cells belong to the small to medium-sized cell class, while large cells, practically absent from parafoveal retina, are almost evenly distributed in peripheral retina. The significance of our results for the α-, β-, γ-cell classification is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A small population of retinal ganglion cells projecting to the retina of the other eye (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 71 (1988), S. 611-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retina ; Projection ; Development ; Rat ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We traced the retino-retinal projection with Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC), Rhodamin labelled latex microspheres (RLM), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and choleratoxin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (BHRP). The number and distribution of ganglion cells projecting to the contralateral eye were recorded. Newborn and young rats have up to about 130 ganglion cells projecting to the other retina; this confirms previous findings. We extended these findings in two ways. First, we describe a similar projection in rabbits consisting of fewer cells; second, we describe the persistence of a small component of this projection into adulthood. In addition we show with RITC and Nuclear Yellow double tracing that some of the retino-retinal ganglion cells have an axon collateral which projects to the superior colliculus. We performed control experiments in order to exclude spillover of tracer which might produce false positive labelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248754
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synapsin I expression in the rat retina during postnatal development (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 82 (1990), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retina ; Development ; In situ hybridization ; Gene expression ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of the synapsin I gene was studied during postnatal development of the rat retina at the mRNA and protein levels. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that synapsin I mRNA was expressed already in nerve cells in the ganglion cell layer of the neonatal retina, while it appeared in neurons of the inner nuclear layer from postnatal day 4 onward. Maximal expression of synapsin I mRNA was observed at P12 in ganglion cells and in neurons of the inner nuclear layer followed by moderate expression in the adult. At the protein level a shift of synapsin I appearance was observed from cytoplasmic to terminal localization during retinal development by immunohistochemistry. In early stages (P4 and P8), synapsin I was seen in neurons of the ganglion cell layer and in neurons of the developing inner nuclear layer as well as in the developing inner plexiform layer. In the developing outer plexiform layer synapsin I was localized only in horizontal cells and in their processes. Its early appearance at P4 indicated the early maturation of this cell type. A shift and strong increase of labelling to the plexiform layers at P12 indicated the localization of synapsin I in synaptic terminals. The inner plexiform layer exhibited a characteristic stratified pattern. Photoreceptor cells never exhibited synapsin I mRNA or synapsin I protein throughout development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230834
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optic nerve axon diameters measured in the cat retina: Some functional considerations (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 498-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Optic nerve ; Retina ; Axon diameters ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Because of the arrangement of axon bundles in the fibre layer of the cat's retina, it is possible to obtain electronmicroscopic sections of axon bundles which contain exclusively either axons arising from the area centralis, or axons arising from peripheral retina. From electronmicrographs of such sections we have constructed axon diameter spectra for central and peripheral axon samples. The centrally originating axons are markedly smaller than peripheral axons, in good agreement with their slower conduction velocity (described in an accompanying paper). The diameter spectra of both peripheral and area centralis axon samples are unimodal, in contrast to the two conduction velocity groups known to exist within each axon population. Alternative explanations of this discrepancy between diameter and conduction velocity spectra are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234280
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