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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The physiological effects of fluorocarbon liquids in blood oxygenation (1970)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 4 (1970), S. 313-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a fluorocarbon liquid in a liquid-liquid contacting device for extracorporeal blood oxygenation. Extraction experiments were carried out wherein blood was gently contacted with FC-43 (a fluorinated tributyl amine) for up to 48 hr. The fluorocarbon caused no significant change in red cell volume, white cell count, plasma hemoglobin, platelet count, plasma fibrinogen, or the relative amounts of thirteen different plasma proteins. To determine toxicity, FC-43 slugs and emulsions were injected intravenously and intraaortically into dogs. No chemical toxicity has been found, but the fluorocarbon is intolerable above about 1.7 mg/kg because it retards the flow of blood through pulmonary capillaries. FC-43 was used for several in vivo tests of a vertical cylindrical blood oxygenator. The hemolysis caused by the falling film of fluorocarbon on the inner Teflon wall of the cylinder was considerably less than that caused by direct contact between blood and Teflon, suggesting that the blood-fluorocarbon interface is quite atraumatic. All these results indicate that this fluorocarbon liquid holds considerable promise for use in a liquid-liquid blood oxygenator.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820040305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro performance of the disposable kiil envelopeBemberg PT 150, manufactured by J. P. Bemberg Corp., Wuppertal, W. Germany. (1970)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 4 (1970), S. 469-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: For patients performing hemodialysis at home the assembly of the artificial kidney must be simple. To achieve this, a disposable envelope, consisting of two membranes bonded to a supporting substructure, was developed for the Kiil artificial kidney. This envelope was tested in vitro for metabolite clearance, pressure-flow relationship, ultrafiltration, and priming volume. The clearance of this envelope for different metabolites proved to be higher than that achieved with conventional assembly of the Kiil with wet Cuprophan membranes. Analysis of the resistance to mass transfer indicated that the disposable envelope has decreased the blood- and dialyzate-side resistances and provides an increase in effective membrane area, thereby enhancing overall mass transfer. The envelope also showed higher resistance to blood flow and a lower priming volume. In vitro testing of this envelope has shown the feasibility of practical clinical application.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820040402
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osseointegration in cortical sheep bone of calcium phosphate implants evaluated by PIXE method and histology (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 36 (1997), S. 315-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: PIXE ; osseointegration ; calcium phosphate ceramic ; hystomorphometry ; bone ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Osseointegration of porous calcium phosphate ceramics evolves in several stages once implanted. Histologic analysis has often been used to evaluate the mechanism of integration of this material. Histologic parameters can be completed by physical analysis to obtain a semiquantitative evaluation of the osseointegration process. The histologic observation of hydroxyapatite (HA)-ceramic-containing bone sections was associated with proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis and the results obtained by both methods were compared. Porous HA-ceramic cylinders were implanted in cortical bone of sheep femurs for periods ranging from 2 to 36 weeks. Thick sections of the implant containing bone were made at the end of the implantation period. A scanning line with two proton impacts 0.5 mm apart was plotted from the edges of cortical bone across the implanted ceramic and the X-rays produced were determined. Calcium, phosphorus, zinc, strontium, and iron contents were measured. Following PIXE analysis, the sections were surface-stained and observed under a light microscope to define the osseointegration index. Two regions of the curves were identified for each element characterizing either the bone tissue or the ceramic. Zinc and strontium present in the bone tissue but absent from the ceramics appeared after the 8th and the 12th implantation weeks, respectively. Iron present in the implant decreased with time, and calcium and phosphorus contents tended to be the same at the end of the implantation period in both curve regions. Histologic observation showed that immature bone invaded the pores of the outer layer of the ceramic as early as 2 weeks after implantation. Ceramics were totally osseointegrated 20 weeks after implantation. Osseointegration was apparently still evolving as judged by the PIXE method when histologic integration was considered complete. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 36, 315-324, 1997
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagen membrane for hemodialysisThis study was supported by a research fund from The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (8511). (1970)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 4 (1970), S. 13-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Commercially available collagen membrance was evaluated as a hemodialysis membrane in the Kolff quad-coil artificial kidney. The inherent physical weakness of the membrane was strengthened by a double-screen support substracture in a coil. Greater metabolite clearance and ultrafiltration (over four times) were demonstrated with the double-screen-supported collagen coil than with either cellophane or cuprophane membrane supported by the same double-screen support substructure.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820040103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Replamineform porous biomaterials for hard tissue implant applications (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 9 (1975), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: By means of the newly developed Replamineform process, the unique pore microstructures found in the skeletal calcium carbonate of certain reef corals can be replicated or reproduced with high precision in a wide variety of materials suitable for hard tissue implant and prosthetic applications. The advantages of fabricating porous biomaterials with this method include closely controlled size of both the pore diameters and the diameters of the pore interconnections, and virtually complete interconnection of the uniformly spaced pores. These properties are of great importance in implant devices, because tissue ingrowth, the stimulation of new bone formation, the suppression of undersirable scar tissue, the inhibition of adverse body responses, and firm biological fixation of the implanted material all depend upon the nature of the pore-microstructure configuration. Replamineform preparation of Al2O3, TiO2, hydroxyapatite, silver, Co-Cr-Mo alloys, and polymers is described in detail, and the characterization procedures used to determine the physical and structural properties of their materials are discussed. A few of the routinely measured characteristics include (1) quantitative computerized SEM image analysis for determining the volume, size and shape distributions of the macro and microporosity and the grain size measurement of the solid: (2) nondestructive x-radiography of specimens to reveal any internal defects; (3) mechanical strength measurements of randomly selected specimens. Experimental results up to now clearly demonstrate the superiority of microstructures imparted to metals, ceramics, and polymers with the Replamineform process.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820090406
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue ingrowth of replamineform implants (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 9 (1975), S. 29-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The Replamineform process, a new technique for the fabrication of porous hard tissue implant materials which replicates the skeletal configuration of certain marine invertebrates, was used to manufacture 1 cm long by 0.5 cm diam cylinders. The inherent advantages of porous configurations obtained through this process are controlled, uniform pore size controlled pore-microstructure ratio, and complete interconnection of pores. The specific materials studied were chrome-cobalt-molybedenum alloy, αAlO3, hydroxyapatite prepared by hydrothermal conversion, and the basic (aragonite) CaCO3 skeleton of the coral genus Porities. The implants were placed in the cancellous bone of the distal femora and proximal tibiae of adult, mongrel dogs and analyzed at 8 weeks for tissue response and ingrowth. Uniformly, new bone was found to grow into the pores of these materials and become normally mineralized. These findings were determined by microradiography, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and histology. No evidences of infection, rejection, or encapsulation were seen. In the case of those CaCO3 implants left in place for 1 year, there was almost complete resorption of the cylinders, with both bony trabeculae and unmineralized collagen (presumably osteoid) found at the sites of insertion.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820090407
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The restoration of articular surfaces overlying replamineform porous biomaterialsPresented in part at the Sixth International Biomaterials Symposium, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, April, 1974. (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 11 (1977), S. 165-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Replamineform porous implants (4 mm × 4 mm diameter) were placed into full-thickness cartilage and bone defects of the weight-bearing surface of the lateral femoral condyles of adult male white rabbits. These were analyzed at 1 day, 1 week, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months for (1) ingrowth of tissue within the implants and (2) restoration of the articular surface overlying them. Appropriate unfilled, but similar, control defects were also studied.Mineralized bone was seen within the substance of both the TiO2 and hydroxyapatite implants at 1 week; this extremely rapid response was present in every specimen studied and was not seen with αAl2O3 or control animals. With the passage of time, maturation of this bone ingrowth occurred so that by 3 months, they were all incorportated into the surrounding bone.Only the hydroxyapatite implants showed consistent regenerative healing of hyaline articular cartilage from the margins of the defects with the passage of time; this occurred whenever the subchondral bone adjacent to the defect proliferated in a “creeping” fashion over the articular aspect of the implant, and the undamaged cartilage then followed it. Fibrocartilage, and not hyaline cartilage, formed the articular surface over the TiO2 and αAl2O3 implants and in the controls.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820110203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New prospects for a prolonged functional life-span of artificial hip joints by using the material combination polyethylene/aluminium oxide ceramic/metalPresented at the Second Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials, Philadelphia, Pa., April 9-13, 1976. (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 11 (1977), S. 537-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Investigations over the years have shown that the mirror-finished Al2O3 ceramic is a much more suitable frictional counterpart to ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene than metal. Despite the extremely great hardness difference between polyethylene and Al2O3 ceramic, a considerable lower wear rate is obtained for the polyethylene socket with this new low-friction material combination. The unexpectedly favorable tribological behavior of this ceramic material in contact with polyethylene may be attributed to the following factors: better values for corrosion resistance characteristics, wettability with liquids, surface gloss, hardness, and scratch resistance of the ceramic material in comparison with those of the hitherto used metallic implant materials (AISI-316L steel or cast Co—Cr—Mo alloy). It appears that, by using this new combination of materials for the socket and the ball, it will be possible to prolong the service life of artificial hip joints considerably without having to effect any fundamental changes in the present design and implantation principle retaining the hitherto used anchorage shaft made of wrought Co—Ni—Cr—Mo—Ti alloy Protasul-10 of extremely high corrosion fatigue strength.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820110409
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