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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 38 (1992), S. 821-833 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: biochemical research ; enzymes ; flow microcalorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kalorimetrische Verfahren werden immer mehr zu wichtigen Hilfsmitteln in einigen Gebieten der biochemischen und in der biologischen Forschung. Es wird hier eine Wärmefluß-Mikrokalorimetermethode bei der Bestimmung der Aktivität von Dihydrofolatreduktase (DHFR) in Homogenaten bösartiger Gewebe bei Ratten und beim Menschen angewendet. Im Gegensatz zu anderen, allgemein benutzten DHFR-Bestimmungen, erlaubt die Empfindlichkeit der Wärmeflußmikrokalorimetrie direkte Messungen dieses Enzymes in Rohgewebepräparaten. Die experimentellen Daten von Rattengewebehomogenaten zeigen, daß die höchste Enzymaktivität in der Leber zu finden ist, während Lunge und Hirn geringere DHFR-Aktivitäten aufweisen. Das Leberenzym hat eine höhere Aktivität beipH 4,5, daspH-Optimum für die Enzyme in Lunge und Hirn liegt jedoch bei 6,8. Das Molverhältnis Substrat/Kofaktor für die höchste DHFR-Aktivität liegt für Leber- und Lungenenzyme bei 1/1,5 und bei 1/2,5 für Gehirn-DHFR. In diesen Rattengewebehomogenaten wurde DHFR durch KCl oder NaCl aktiviert: in Gegenwart dieser Salze (0.6-molar) liegt die Enzymaktivität um das anderthalb bis dreifache höher als normal. Unter Anwendung der Wärmeflußmikrokalorimetrie konnten auch in menschlichen Knochentumorhomogenaten sehr niedrige DHFR-Aktivitäten gemessen werden, was die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Methode in der Analyse dieser Enzyme in bösartigen Geweben demonstriert.
    Notes: Abstract Calorimetric methods are becoming important analytical tools in several areas of biochemical and biological research. In this work, a flow microcalorimetric method has been applied to the determination of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activities in rat and human malignant tissue homogenates. In contrast to other commonly used DHFR analytical assays, the sensitivity of flow microcalorimetry allows direct measurements of this enzyme in crude tissue preparations. Our experimental data from rat tissue homogenates show that liver has the highest level of enzyme activity, while lung and brain have lower amounts of DHFR activity. The liver enzyme has a higher activity atpH 4.5, but the optimumpH for the lung and brain enzymes is 6.8. The substrate/cofactor molar ratio which gives the highest levels of DHFR activity is 1/1.5 for the liver and lung enzymes and 1/2.5 for brain DHFR. The DHFR in these rat tissue homogenates is activated by KCl or NaCl: in the presence of these salts (0.6M), the values of enzyme activity are 1.5–3 times higher than in their absence. Using flow microcalorimetry, very low levels of DHFR activity were also measured in human bone tumour homogenates, demonstrating the potential of the technique in the analysis of this enzyme in malignant tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-10-01
    Description: Background— Under physiological conditions, Ca 2+ transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria might occur at least in part at contact points between the 2 organelles and involves the VDAC1/Grp75/IP3R1 complex. Accumulation of Ca 2+ into the mitochondrial matrix may activate the mitochondrial chaperone cyclophilin D (CypD) and trigger permeability transition pore opening, whose role in ischemia/reperfusion injury is well recognized. We questioned here whether the transfer of Ca 2+ from ER to mitochondria might play a role in cardiomyocyte death after hypoxia-reoxygenation. Methods and Results— We report that CypD interacts with the VDAC1/Grp75/IP3R1 complex in cardiomyocytes. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CypD in both H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and adult cardiomyocytes decreased the Ca 2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria through IP3R under normoxic conditions. During hypoxia-reoxygenation, the interaction between CypD and the IP3R1 Ca 2+ channeling complex increased concomitantly with mitochondrial Ca 2+ content. Inhibition of either CypD, IP3R1, or Grp75 decreased protein interaction within the complex, attenuated mitochondrial Ca 2+ overload, and protected cells from hypoxia-reoxygenation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CypD provided a similar effect in adult mice cardiomyocytes. Disruption of ER-mitochondria interaction via the downregulation of Mfn2 similarly reduced the interaction between CypD and the IP3R1 complex and protected against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Conclusions— Our data (1) point to a new role of CypD at the ER-mitochondria interface and (2) suggest that decreasing ER-mitochondria interaction at reperfusion can protect cardiomyocytes against lethal reperfusion injury through the reduction of mitochondrial Ca 2+ overload via the CypD/VDAC1/Grp75/IP3R1 complex.
    Keywords: Other myocardial biology
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4539
    Topics: Medicine
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