Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- CHAPTERS -- PREFACE -- List of Contributors -- CHAPTER 1 Recent Advances in P,N-Containing Ligands for Transition-Metal Homogeneous Catalysis -- CHAPTER 2 Transition Metal-Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions Between Bicyclic Alkenes and Alkynes -- CHAPTER 3 Chiral Perazamacrocycles: Synthesis and Applications. Part 1 -- CHAPTER 4 Chiral Perazamacrocycles: Synthesis and Applications. Part 2 -- CHAPTER 5 Glycosylation Methods in Oligosaccharide Synthesis† -- CHAPTER 6 An Update on the Synthesis of β-Lactams -- CHAPTER 7 Formation of Five- and Six-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds by Ring-Closing Metathesis -- CHAPTER 8 Advances in the Synthesis of Amino Acids and Analogues for Foldamers Study -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- List of Contributors -- Small Molecules that Ameliorate Protein Mis-folding -- Paolo Ruzza* -- INTRODUCTION -- Protein Folding -- SMALL MOLECULES -- Small Molecules that Act as Pharmacological Chaperones -- Lipid Storage Disorders -- Amyloid Related Diseases -- Cystic Fibrosis -- Small Molecules that Act as Osmolytes -- Trehalose -- Trimethylamine N-Oxide -- EVALUATION OF SMALL MOLECULES EFFECTS ON PROTEIN FOLDING -- Circular Dichroism (CD) Spectroscopy -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy -- OUTLOOK -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Peptides and Proteins -- Riaz A. Khan1,2,*, Mamuna Naz1, Minhajul Arfeen1 and Nahid Abbas1 -- INTRODUCTION: THE BACKGROUND, SIGNIFICANCE & -- PROSPECTS -- PEPTIDES & -- PROTEINS: THE CHEMICAL CORE, BONDING & -- STRUCTURE -- INTRICACIES IN THE FORMATION OF AN AMIDE BOND -- COUPLING REAGENTS: ADVANCES & -- CONCURRENT APPROACHES -- REACTION MEDIUM: THE ROLE IN COUPLING -- ACTIVATION OF COUPLING REAGENTS -- COUPLING REACTIONS -- MONITORING OF COUPLING, AND DEBLOCKING -- DETERMINATION OF LOAD -- DETERMINATION OF THE EXTENT OF CLEAVAGE -- PROTECTION STRATEGIES: PROTECTING GROUP (PG) AS THE BEGINNING OF SYNTHESIS -- CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES & -- PROTEINS: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES -- SOLUTION PHASE SYNTHESIS (SPS): THE CLASSICAL WET CHEMISTRY -- SOLID PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS: THE TURNING POINT & -- CONCURRENT ADVANCES -- SPPS: THE COMPONENTS OF THE OPERATION & -- SOLID SUPPORTS' REQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS -- CLEAVAGE FROM THE SOLID SUPPORT: THE ROLE OF LINKER -- SYNTHESIS & -- USE OF A VIABLE LINKER: SPPS OF A BACTERIAL ORIGIN OCTAPEPTIDE SEQUENCE -- APPROACHES FOR SPPS: ASPECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGIES SEQUENTIAL SYNTHESIS -- CONVERGENT SYNTHESIS. , SYNTHETIC MODIFICATIONS OF PEPTIDES: THE STRUCTURAL DIVERSIFICATION -- MODIFIED PEPTIDES: PHARMACEUTICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDIC ENTITIES -- SYNTHESIS OF LONG-CHAIN PEPTIDES: EXAMPLES, ACCOMPLISHMENTS & -- CHALLENGES -- USE OF MICROWAVE IRRADIATION IN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS -- THE LIGATION OF PEPTIDES: DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNIQUES -- CHEMICAL LIGATION: PROTOTYPICAL PROCESS & -- EXPANSION OF APPROACH -- PREPARATION OF PEPTIDE C-TERMINAL THIOESTER BY BOC-SPPS METHOD -- PREPARATION OF PEPTIDE C-TERMINAL THIOESTERS BY FMOC-SPPS METHOD -- THE NATIVE CHEMICAL LIGATION (NCL) OR, TRANS-THIOESTERIFICATION -- CYSTEINE BASED STRATEGIES FOR NCL: PREPARATION OF NON-THIOL PEPTIDES -- APPROACH TO CYSTEINE SURROGATE: AUXILIARIES, SOLVENT, DETERGENT & -- SOLUBILIZING TAGS -- PEPTIDE LIGATION WITH SULFUR: PRIOR THIOL CAPTURE FOR 'NCL' -- ACYL-INITIATED CAPTURE: MAINTAINING 'CYS' AT LIGATION JUNCTION -- SERINE AND THREONINE BASED LIGATIONS -- APPROACHES WITH SELENIUM -- CONFORMATIONALLY ASSISTED LIGATION -- THE KAHA METHOD -- THE STAUDINGER LIGATION -- ONE-POT STRATEGIES FOR ASSEMBLING PEPTIDE FRAGMENTS -- MULTIPLE SEGMENT LIGATION STRATEGIES -- CONVENTIONAL & -- NON-CONVENTIONAL APPROACHES TO INVERSE SYNTHESIS: C-TO-N DIRECTION APPROACH -- N-TO-C DIRECTION APPROACH -- SYNTHESIS OF ACTIVATED PEPTIDES: OMER (O-MERCAPTOARYL ESTER REARRANGEMENT) APPROACH -- PREPARATION OF THIOPEPTIDES: INTRODUCTION OF DISULFIDE LINKAGES -- THE CYSTEINE-KNOT PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS -- SYNTHESIS OF CYCLIC PEPTIDES -- EXPRESSED PROTEIN LIGATION: THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDE FRAGMENT -- POST-TRANSLATIONALLY MODIFIED PROTEINS -- SYNTHESIS OF TRANSMEMBRANE (TM) PEPTIDES & -- PROTEINS SPECIFIC PROTOCOLS & -- TECHNIQUES: USE OF N-BACKBONE MODIFICATIONS -- ADDITION OF O-ACYL ISOPEPTIDE UNIT -- LIGATION STRATEGIES -- SITE-SPECIFIC MANIPULATION -- SYNTHESIS OF ISOTOPE-LABELED MEMBRANE PROTEINS. , CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS: RECENT EXAMPLES OF BIOACTIVE SEQUENCES ERYTHROPOIETIN -- CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF INSULIN -- PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PROTOCOLS: EXPERIMENTAL AND PROCEDURAL ASPECTS -- FUNCTIONAL BIOCONJUGATES: JOINING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS TOGETHER -- FOLDING OF SYNTHETIC POLYPEPTIDES: CONFORMATIONAL ASPECTS -- ANALYTICAL METHODS: THE CONFIRMATION OF SYNTHESIS & -- TERTIARY STRUCTURE -- BULK SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES & -- PROTEINS: THE SCALE-UP -- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS: THE FALL-OUT & -- NEEDED ADVANCEMENT(S) -- THE SCOPE & -- APPLICATIONS: PEPTIDES & -- PROTEINS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY -- CURRENT ROLES & -- FUTURE PROSPECTS OF PROTEINS & -- PEPTIDES -- SUMMARY -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Bioorthogonal Coupling Strategies Used in Pretargeted Nuclear Imaging and Radiotherapy -- Justin J. Bailey1,*, Carmen Wängler2, Björn Wängler3 and Ralf Schirrmacher1 -- INTRODUCTION -- Non-Covalent Ligation Techniques -- Biotin/ (Strept) Avidin Coupling -- Bispecific Antibodies/Radiolabeled Haptens Coupling -- Chemical Ligation Techniques -- Staudinger Ligation -- Strain-Promoted Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition -- Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder -- CONCLUSION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Different Concepts of Catalysis in the Synthesis of Xanthenediones: A Brief Overview -- Milene Lopes da Silva1, Róbson Ricardo Teixeira1,* and Giovanni Wilson Amarante2 -- XANTHENEDIONES: IMPORTANCE AND SYNTHESIS -- CATALYSTS USED IN XANTHENEDIONE SYNTHESIS -- Lewis Acids -- Brønsted Acid -- Lewis and Brønsted acid -- Organocatalysts -- Ionic liquids -- Nanocatalysts -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Heterogeneous Catalysts in Organic Synthesis: From Nanoscale to Single Atomic Level -- Min Li and Jingqi Guan* -- INTRODUCTION. , SYNTHESIS OF SINGLE ATOM CATALYST -- Atomic Layer Deposition -- Photochemical Technique -- Mass-Selected Soft-Landing Strategy -- Chemical Reduction Method -- Co-precipitation Method -- Solid Melting Method -- Galvanic Replacement Reaction Method -- High Temperature Vapor Migration Approach -- Cyanide Leaching Method -- Impregnation Method -- Organometallic Complex Method -- Nitrogen Coordination Method -- Pyrolysis of MOFs -- Chemical Vapor Deposition -- PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE ATOM CATALYSTS -- High Activity -- Up to 100% Atomic Utilization -- Metal-Support Interaction -- Unsaturated Coordination Environment -- High Selectivity -- High Stability -- IDENTIFYING THE ACTIVE SITES -- APPLICATION OF SINGLE ATOM CATALYSTS -- CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- End User License Agreement -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Recent Advances in Copper-catalyzed Heterocyclic Syntheses -- Jitender Bhalla1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- CLASSIFICATION -- Organic Compounds -- Heterocyclic Compounds -- GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS -- CHEMISTRY & -- APPLICATIONS OF COPPER -- RECENT TRENDS IN COPPER-CATALYZED HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESES -- Four Membered Heterocyclic Syntheses -- Five-Membered Heterocyclic Syntheses -- Six Membered and Higher Heterocyclic Synthesis -- Condensed/Fused Heterocyclic Syntheses -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Application of Modern Green Chemistry Methods in the Synthesis of Quinolines, Quinazolines and Quinazolinones -- Mario Komar1 and Maja Molnar1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- QUINOLINES -- Microwave-assisted Synthesis -- Ultrasound-assisted Synthesis -- Mechanochemical and Solvent-free Synthesis -- Synthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) -- Synthesis in Ionic Liquids (ILs) -- QUINAZOLINE -- QUINAZOLINONE -- Microwave-Assisted Synthesis -- Ultrasound-assisted Synthesis -- Mechanochemical and Solvent-free Synthesis -- Synthesis in Ionic Liquids (ILs) -- Synthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) -- CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Electroluminescence Polymers-a Review on Synthesis by Organic Compounds -- Batool Saleh Haddad1,* and Widad Saleh Hanoosh1 -- INTRODUCTION -- Device Structure -- The Physics Involving Oleds -- Organic Semiconductors -- SSH Model of an Electronic Structure -- Mechanisms Used for Light Emission -- Methods for Synthesising the Polymeric LEDs Using Organic Compounds -- Thermo Conversion (Wessling-Zimmerman Route) -- Chlorine Precursor Route (CPR) -- Gilch Polycondensation. , Non-ionic Route -- Knoevenagel Polycondensation -- Heck-Coupling Polymerisation -- Wittig-Horner Condensation -- Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) -- Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerisation (ROMP) -- Miscellaneous -- Conjugation Confinement -- Conjugated-Non-Conjugated Block Copolymers (CNCP)s -- Conjugated Polymers with Isolated Chromophores -- Main Chain Polymers with a Defined Segmentation -- Conjugated Main-chain Polymers with a Twisted Conformation -- Conjugated Main Chain Polymers with the Non-conjugated Interruption -- Soluble Conjugated Polymers Formed by Copolymerisation -- Block and Graft Copolymers -- Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymers -- High-Efficiency Polymeric LEDs -- Full-Colour and Colour Tuning PLED Displays -- Degradation Phenomena in the PLEDs -- Development of Polymeric Luminescent Materials -- Polyfluorene-Based Luminescent Polymers -- Polyfluorene Homopolymers -- Polyfluorene Alternating Copolymers -- Poly (p-phenylene Vinylene) and Derivatives -- Poly (p-phenylene Vinylene) from Soluble Precursors -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Multicomponent Approach for the Synthesis of Xanthenes -- Ankita Chaudhary1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- Synthesis of 1-Oxo-hexahydroxanthenes by Condensation of Cyclohexane-1,3-diones with Salicylaldehydes: -- Synthesis of 13-Aryl-5H-dibenzo[b,i]xanthene-5,7,12,14(13H)-tetraones by Condensation of 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and Aldehydes -- Synthesis of 14H-Dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes by Condensation of 2-naphthol and Aldehydes -- Synthesis of Spiro[dibenzo[b,i]xanthene-13,3′-indoline]-pentaones and spiro[dibenzo[b,i]xanthene-13,20-indene]-10,5,7,12,14-hexaones by Conden-sation of 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and Isatin/Ninhydrin:. , Synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,9'-xanthene]triones and Spiro[acenaph-thene-1, 9'-xanthene]-1',2,8'(2'H,5'H)-triones by Condensation of 1,3-Cyclo- hexanediones and Isatin/Acenaphthene: -- Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-ones by condensation of 2-Naphthol with Cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives and Aldehydes -- Synthesis of Benzo[c]xanthenes By Condensation of 1-Naphthol, Aldehydes and Dimedone -- Synthesis of 14-Aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,i]xanthene-8,13-diones by Conden-sation of 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, Aldehydes and Substituted 2-naphthols -- Synthesis 12-aryl-benzo[b]xanthene-1,6,11-triones by Condensation of 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, Aldehydes and Cyclohexadione-1,3-diones: -- Synthesis of [1, 3]Dioxolo[4,5-b]xanthenes by Condensation of Methylene-dioxyphenol and Aldehydes with 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and Dimedone -- Synthesis of Spiro[dibenzo[a,i]-xanthene-14,30-indoline]-20,8,13-triones by Condensation of 2-Naphthol, Isatins and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone -- Synthesis of (1H-Indol-3-yl)-Xanthen-4-(9H)-ones & -- 12-(Indol-3-yl) -12H-benzo[b]xanthene-6,11-diones by Coupling of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and indole with 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione/2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtho quinone -- Synthesis of Hexahydroxanthene-9-N-arylamines by Reaction of Cyclohexanone with Morpholine and Variously Substituted Salicylaldehyde Imines -- Synthesis of Naphthoxanthenes by Condensation of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and Salicylaldehyde with Thiophenols -- Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives by Condensation of o-trimethylsilyphenyl Triflate with Dimethylformamide and Dimedone -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- From Atoms to Macromolecules: 100 Years of Polymer Research -- Andrés E. Ciolino1,*, Augusto G.O. de Freitas2, Angel J. Satti3 and Mario D. Ninago4 -- INTRODUCTION. , POLYMERS AND MACROMOLECULES: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- STAUDINGER´S HYPOTESIS -- The Best Way to Predict the Future is to Invent it -- The Concept of Polymer -- Polymers Have to be Macromolecules -- CAROTHERS: POLYESTERS AND POLYCONDENSATION -- WORLD WAR II: TEFLON, SYNTHETIC RUBBERS, AND THE SEARCHING OF POLYOLEFINS -- ZIEGLER´S CATALYSTS AND NATTA´S TACTICITY OF POLYOLEFINS -- SZWARC AND LIVING POLYMERS -- PAUL FLORY: PRINCIPLES OF POLYMER SCIENCE -- KAMINSKY AND METALLOCENES -- THE SEARCHING OF "CONTROLLED" RADICAL POLYMERIZATIONS: NMP, ATRP, RAFT, AND MADIX -- Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) -- Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) -- The Reversible Addition Fragmentation Transfer (RAFT) Mechanism -- The RAFT Agent: Structure and Properties -- GRUBB´S ACHIEVEMENTS: ROMP AND METHATHESIS POLYMERIZATION -- CONDUCTING AND SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS -- A FEW WORDS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF BIOMACROMOLECULES -- THE NEW ERA OF POLYMER SCIENCE -- WHAT WILL LIFE BE LIKE FOR POLYMER RESEARCH SCIENTISTS AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC? -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- An Overview of Oxidizing and Reducing Agents in Total Synthesis -- Chebolu Naga Sesha Sai Pavan Kumar1,*, Shaik Sadikha1 and Anil Kumar Nallajarla1 -- INTRODUCTION -- Oxidation -- Some of the Oxidizing Agents and their Applications -- Tetrapropylammonium Perruthenate (TPAP) -- Reduction -- Some of the Reducing Agents and their Applications -- Heterogeneous Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles as Catalysts -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Amino Acid-derived Ionic Liquids: Novel Biodegradable Catalytic Systems for Green Synthesis of Heterocycles -- Kobra Nikoofar1,* and Fatemeh Molaei Yielzoleh1 -- INTRODUCTION. , AAILS AS CATALYSTS AND/OR SOLVENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLES -- AAILs as Catalysts and/or Solvents in the Synthesis of Heterocycles in the Absence of other Solvents -- AAILs as Catalysts in the Synthesis of Heterocycles in Aqueous Media -- AAILs as Catalysts in the Synthesis of Heterocycles in Organic Solvents -- BIONANOCOMPOSITES INCLUDED AAILS AS CATALYSTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLES -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Subject Index -- Back Cover.

Note: COVER -- TITLE -- COPYRIGHT -- End User License Agreement -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Metal-Free and Acid-Free Activation of Carbonyl Moiety Using Molecular Halogens or N-Halamines -- Anti-algal Study on Polymeric Coating Containing Metal@Metal Oxide Core-shell Nanoparticles Developed through Organic Synthesis for Marine Paint Applications -- Functionalized Catalyst for Efficient Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Fluorination -- Synthesis and Applications of Small Fluorescent Molecules -- Recent Achievement in the Synthesis of Aromatic Five-Membered Heterocycles Containing One Heteroatom -- Basic Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions for the Synthesis of 1, 2, 3-Triazoles -- Basic Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions for the Synthesis of 1, 2, 3-Triazoles -- Diganta Sarma1,*, Jasmin Sultana1, Roktopol Hazarika1 and Bidyutjyoti Dutta1 -- INTRODUCTION -- Ionic Liquids: Combination of Molten State of Ions -- History of Ionic Liquid -- Classifications of Ionic Liquids in Terms of Acidity/Basicity -- Basic Ionic Liquids: An Overview -- 1,2,3-TRIAZOLE- AN EMERGING TOOL IN PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY -- AZIDE-ALKYNE CYCLOADDITION -- Role of Basic Ionic Liquid -- CuAAC in basic ionic liquid -- CYCLOADDITION OF AZIDES WITH ALDEHYDES OR KETONES -- MULTICOMPONENT REACTIONS -- ONE-POT THREE-COMPONENT CYCLOADDITION -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- ABBREVIATION -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX -- BACK COVER.