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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1981 (1981), S. 387-395 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Pharmaca, 22 Organophosphates with Anticholinesterase Activity and their Sila-AnaloguesThe organophosphates 1a-4a and their sila-analogues 1b-4b of the type R1R2P(O)-(p-OC6H4ElMe3) (El = C, Si) were synthesized. With regard to their anticholinesterase activity, the carbon compounds 1a-4a exhibit the same structure-activity relationships as the silicon compounds 1b-4b. The latter are more activ than the corresponding C-analogues.
    Notes: Die Organophosphorsäureester 1a-4a und ihre Sila-Analoga 1b-4b des Typs R1R2P(O)-(p-OC6H4ElMe3) (El = C, Si) wurden synthetisiert. Die Kohlenstoff-Verbindungen 1a-4a zeigen hinsichtlich ihrer Anticholinesterase-Aktivität die gleichen Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehungen wie die Silicium-Verbindungen 1b-4b. Letztere sind jeweils wirksamer als die entsprechenden C-Analoga.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1554-1559 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Drugs, 11.  -  Diphenyl(3-piperidinopropyl)silanol, a Sila-Analogue of DifenidolDiphenyl(3-piperidinopropyl)silanol (6b), a sila-analogue of the drug difenidol (6a), and its methoiodide 7 were synthesized for the first time according to scheme 1.  -  The pharmacological and toxicological properties of the analogues 6a and 6b were investigated comparatively.
    Notes: Diphenyl(3-piperidinopropyl)silanol (6b), ein Sila-Analogon des Arzneimittels Difenidol (6a), und dessen Methoiodid 7 wurden erstmals gemäß Schema 1 synthetisiert.  -  Die pharmakologischen und toxikologischen Eigenschaften der Analoga 6a und 6b wurden vergleichend untersucht.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Base Induced 1,2-Hydride Shifts from Silicon to Carbon: “Anomalous” Substitution Reactions with (Halomethyl)diorganosilanes(C6H5)2Si(H)CH2X (1a: X = Cl; 1b: X = I) and C6H5(CH3)Si(H)CH2Cl (10) react with LiOCH2CH2N(CH3)2 (2b) to give the alkoxysilanes (C6H5)2Si(CH3)OCH2CH2N(CH3)2 (5) and C6H5(CH3)2SiOCH2CH2N(CH3)2 (12), respectively. The formation of these unexpected reaction products is interpreted by a nucleophilic attack of the alkoxide at the Si atom, followed by an intramolecular 1,2-hydride shift from Si to C and elimination of Cl⊖. However, with soft bases [for example I⊖ and ⊖SCH2CH2N(CH3)2] “normal” substitution reactions at the C atom of the SiCH2Cl group were observed.
    Notes: (C6H5)2Si(H)CH2X (1a: X = Cl; 1b: X = I) und C6H5(CH3)Si(H)CH2Cl (10) reagieren mit LiOCH2CH2N(CH3)2 (2b) zu den Alkoxysilanen (C6H5)2Si(CH3)OCH2CH2N(CH3)2 (5) bzw. C6H5(CH3)2SiOCH2CH2N(CH3)2 (12). Die Bildung dieser unerwarteten Reaktionsprodukte wird durch einen nucleophilen Angriff des Alkoxids am Si-Atom gedeutet, dem sich eine intramolekulare 1,2-Hydridverschiebung vom Si zum C und Eliminierung von Cl⊖ anschließt. Mit weichen Basen, wie z. B. I⊖ und ⊖SCH2CH2N(CH3)2, wurden dagegen „normale“ Substitutionsreaktionen am C-Atom der SiCH2Cl-Gruppe beobachtet.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Pharmaca, 361). - Sila-Procyclidine: A New Synthesis as well as Investigations of the Peripheral and Central Anticholinergic ActivityStarting with Cl3SiCH2Cl, sila-procyclidine (1b) as well as its derivatives 2b (sila-trihexyphenidyl), 3b, and 4b (sila-cycrimine) were prepared by a new six-step synthesis with a total yield of 16 (1b), 19 (2b), 8 (3b) and 7% (4b), respectively. - Comparative in vivo investigations (mice, per os administration) with respect to the peripheral and central anticholinergic activity have shown that the silicon compound 1b is advantageous over the carbon analogue 1a (procyclidine).
    Notes: Sila-Procyclidin (1b) sowie dessen Derivate 2b (Sila-Trihexyphenidyl), 3b und 4b (Sila-Cycrimin) wurden - ausgehend von Cl3SiCH2Cl - durch eine neue, sechsstufige Synthese mit einer Gesamtausbeute von 16 (1b), 19 (2b), 8 (3b) bzw. 7% (4b) dargestellt. - Vergleichende in-vivo-Untersuchungen (Maus, per-os-Applikation) hinsichtlich der peripheren und zentralen anticholinergen Wirkung haben gezeigt, daß die Silicium-Verbindung 1b dem Kohlenstoff-Analogon 1a (Procyclidin) überlegen ist.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Drugs, 181). - Derivatives of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)silacyclohexane with 3-(Diethylamino)propyl and 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl GroupsThe preparation of the compounds 3a (and 3b) and 10, which derive from 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)silacyclohexane (sila-chlorophencyclane, IIa), is described. Compound 3b has been investigated pharmacologically and toxicologically. The biological properties of 3b and those of IIa (and chlorophencyclane) and its hydrochloride IIb are compared.
    Notes: Die Darstellung der Verbindungen 3a (sowie 3b) und 10, die sich vom 1-(4-Chlorphenyl)-1-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)silacyclohexan (Sila-Chlorphencyclan, IIa) ableiten, wird beschrieben. Die Verbindung 3b wurden pharmakologisch und toxikologisch untersucht. Die biologischen Eigenschaften von 3b wurden mit denen von IIa (sowie Chlorphencyclan) und seinem Hydrochlorid IIb verglichen.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Pharmaca, 211).  -  Preparation and Properties of Silicon Compounds with Potential Curare-Like Activity, IIThe potential curare-like silicon compounds 5a, 5c, 5d, 5g, 5h, and 9a-9d were synthesized. 1H-NMR spectroscopic investigations provided information about the conformations of 5a-5c in solution. The crystal and molecular structures 5c were determined by X-ray structural analysis. The muscle relaxing properties of 5a-5h and 9a-9d were investigated comparatively on mice (i. v., LD50 values). The observed structure-activity relationships are discussed with respect to the different covalent radii of the carbon and silicon atoms and the N…N distances resulting therefrom.
    Notes: Die potentiell curarewirksamen Silicium-Verbindungen, 5a, 5c, 5d, 5g, 5h und 9a 9d wurden dargestellt. 1H-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen ergaben Informationen über die Konformationen von 5a-5c in Lösung. Die Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von 5c wurde röntgenstrukturanalytisch bestimmt. Die muskelrelaxierenden Eigenschaften von 5a-5h und 9a-9d wurden vergleichend an der Maus (i.v., LD50-Werte) untersucht. Die ermittelten Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehungen werden in Hinblick auf die unterschiedlichen kovalenten Radien des Kohlenstoff-und Siliciumatoms und die hieraus resultierenden N…N-Abstände diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1982 (1982), S. 1706-1711 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Pharmaca, 27.  -  Preparation and Properties of Silicon Compounds with Potential Curare-Like Activity, IVThe synthesis of the organosilicon compounds 3a - d is described for the first time. They were characterized by their physical, chemical, and pharmacological properties. 3a - d are shortly acting muscle relaxants. Their detoxification is achieved by hydrolysis of the Si - OC bonds (“intended sites of cleavage“).
    Notes: Die Synthese der Organosilicium-Verbindungen 3a - d wird erstmalig beschrieben. Sie wurden durch ihre physikalischen, chemischen und pharmakologischen Eigenschaften charakterisiert. 3a - d wirken als „Kurzzeit-Muskelrelaxantien“, deren Entgiftung durch Hydrolyse der Si - OC-Bindungen (Sollbruchstellen) erfolgt.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Pharmaca, 23.  -  9,9-Dimethyl-10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-9-silaacridane, a Sila-Analogue of Dimetacrine, and Structurally Related CompoundsSila-dimetacrine (3a), a sila-analogue of the psychotropic drug dimetacrine (2), and its N,N-diethyl derivative 3b as well as its 3-chloro derivative 3c were synthesized from o-haloanilines 4a-c via the  -  partially unknown  -  intermediates 5a-c to 10a-d. Their properties are described and their structure is confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The preparation of the intermediate bis(2-bromophenyl)amine (9a) could be improved.
    Notes: Das Sila-Dimetacrin (3a), ein Sila-Analogon des Psychopharmakons Dimetacrin (2), und sein N,N-Diethylderivat 3b sowie sein 3-Chlorderivat 3c wurden, von den o-Halogenanilinen 4a-c ausgehend, über die teilweise unbekannten Stufen 5a-c bis 10a-d synthetisiert, in ihren Eigenschaften beschrieben und in ihrer Struktur über Elementaranalysen, 1H-NMR- und Massenspektren sichergestellt. Die Synthese des Zwischenproduktes Bis(2-bromphenyl)amin (9a) konnte optimiert werden.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Pharmaca, 30. - (2-Aminoethyl)cycloalkylphenylsilanols: Bioisosteric C/Si Exchange in Parasympatholylics of the Trihexyphenidyl, Cycrimine, and Procyclidine TypeThe synthesis of the (2-aminoethyl)cycloakylphenylsilanols 5b (sila-trihexyphenidyl), 6b (Sila-cycrimine), 7b (sila-procyclidine), and 8b is described. Starting with CI2(C6H5)SiCh—CH2(9), 5b-8b were obtained by five reaction steps with a total yield of 32-40%. The C/Si pairs 5a,b-8a,b, were tested for antimuscarinic activity on the isolated guinea-pig ileum. The increase of affinity of the muscarinic receptor caused by sila-substitution of 5a-8a is less marked than in the case of the structurally related C/Si 1a,b-4a,b.
    Notes: Die Synthese der (2-Aminoethyl)cycloalkylphenylsilanole 5b (Sila-Trihexyphenidyl), 6b (Sila-Cycrimin), 7b (Sila-Procyclidin) und 8b wird beschrieben. 5b-8b wurden - ausgehend von Ci2(C?6H5)SiCCCCH—CH2 (9) - durch eine fünfstufige Reaktionsfolge mit einer Gesamtausbeute von 32-40% erhalten. Am isolierten Ileum des Meerschweinchens wurden die C/Si-Paare 5a,b-8a,b vergleichend auf ihre antimuskarinische Aktivität geprüft. Die durch die Sila-Substitution von 5a-8b erreichte Zunahme der Affinität zum Muskarinrezeptor ist deutlich weniger ausgeprägt als bei den strukturverwandten C/Si-Paaren 1a,b-4a,b.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Difenidol, (R)- and (S)-hexahydro- ; Antimuscarinic properties ; Muscarinic receptor subtypes ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of the Enantiomers of the Selective Antimuscarinic Agent 1-Cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-4-piperidino-1-butanol (Hexahydro-Difenidol)Using (S)- or (R)-mandelic acid as the resolving agent, the enantiomers of 1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-4-piperidino-2-butin-1-ol [(R)-2 and (S)-2] were prepared (enantiomeric purity: ee = 99.7%; calorimetric analysis). Catalytic hydrogenation (Pd/C contact) of (R)-2 and (S)-2 yielded the enantiomers of 1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-4-piperidino-1-butanol [(R)- and (S)-hexahydro-difenidol, (R)-1a and (S)-1a] which were isolated as hydrochlorides [(R)-1a ⋅ HCl and (S)-1a ⋅ HCl, ee = 99.7%]. The absolute configuration of the enantiomers of 1a and 2 was determined by an X-ray crystal structure analysis of the mandelate (S)-1a ⋅ (R)-C6H5CH(OH)COOH. (R)-Hexahydro-difenidol [(R)-1a] and (R)-2 exhibit a higher affinity for the atrial M2α and ileal M2β muscarinic receptors of the guinea pig than the respective antipodes (S)-1a and (S)-2 (atrial stereoselectivity index: 17 and 8.6, respectively; ileal stereoselectivity index: 193 and 44, respectively). In addition, (R)-1a and (R)-2 exhibit a significantly higher affinity for the M2β receptors of the ileum than for the M2α receptors of the atrium (atrium/ileum ratio: 21 and 10, respectively). Thus, (R)-1a and (R)-2 are valuable tools for the identification and characterization of muscarinic M2 subtypes. In contrast, the less potent (S)-enantiomers of 1a and 2 do not differentiate between M2α and M2β receptors.
    Notes: Durch Racematspaltung mit (S)- bzw. (R)-Mandelsäure wurden die Enantiomere von 1-Cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-4-piperidino-2-butin-1-ol [(R)-2 und (S)-2] dargestellt (Enantiomerenreinheit: ee = 99.7%, kalorimetrische Analyse). Katalytische Hydrierung (Pd/C-Kontakt) von (R)-2 und (S)-2 ergab die Enantiomere von 1-Cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-4-piperidino-1-butanol [(R)- und (S)-Hexahydro-Difenidol, (R)-1a und (S)-1a], die als Hydrochloride (R)-1a ⋅ HCl und (S)-1a ⋅ HCl isoliert wurden (ee = 99.7%). Die absolute Konfiguration der Enantiomere von 1a und 2 wurde durch Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse des Mandelats (S)-1a ⋅ (R)-C6H5CH(OH)COOH bestimmt. (R)-Hexahydro-Difenidol [(R)-1a] und (R)-2 besitzen eine höhere Affinität zu den atrialen M2α-und ilealen M2β-Muscarinrezeptoren des Meerschweinchens als die entsprechenden Antipoden (S)-1a und (S)-2 (atrialer Stereoselektivitätsindex: 17 bzw. 8.6; ilealer Stereoselektivitätsindex: 193 bzw. 44). Darüber hinaus besitzen (R)-1a und (R)-2 eine signifikant höhere Affinität zu den M2β-Rezeptoren des Ileums als zu den M2α-Rezeptoren des Atriums und sind somit wertvolle Modellverbindungen zur Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von muscarinischen M2-Subtypen (Atrium/Ileum-Quotient: 21 bzw. 10). Im Gegensatz hierzu vermögen die schwächer wirksamen (S)-Enantiomere von 1a und 2 nicht zwischen den M2α- und M2β-Rezeptoren zu unterscheiden.
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