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  • Organic Chemistry  (11)
  • Spiro compounds  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Synthesis of 4,7-Bis(dialkylamino)tricyclo[5.2.1.04,10]deca-1(10),2,5,8-tetraenes and their Reduction with Alkali Metal (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 68 (1985), S. 1658-1669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and characterization of the novel 4,7-bis(dialkylamino)tricyclo[5.2.1.04,10]deca-1(10), 2,5,8-tetraenes 12 from 1,4,7-trihalotriquinacenes 8 and secondary amines is reported. The structural and electronic characteristics of these as well as the acepentalene dianion (32-) and some related systems as determined by semiempirical (MNDO) calculations are discussed. Thereby, 32- should be a triply etheno-bridged trimethylenemethane dianion exhibiting Y-delocalization favored over the formation of a peripheral 10π-electronic system. Attempts directed towards the generation of 32- by reacting tetraenes 12 with Na led to the formation of tris(dialkylamino)triquinacenes 9, presumably by a kind of reduction/disproportionation mechanism.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19850680620
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diels-Alder Reactions of [2.2] Paracyclophan-1-ene and [2.2] Paracyclophane-1,9-diene with 3,6-Disubstituted 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 75 (1992), S. 901-906 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [2.2] Paracyclophan-1-ene (1) and [2.2] paracyclophane-1,9-diene (6) apparently act as dienophiles with inverse electron demand and smoothly react with dimethyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate (2a) at room temperature forming dihydropyridazine adducts, which are dehydrogenated to the pyridazino-anellated [2.2] paracyclophanes 5a and 8a, respectively. The molecular structure of 5a is determined by X-ray crystal-structure analysis. Under more rigorous conditions, phenyl-substituted derivatives 5b and 8b are obtained from 1 and 6, respectively, with 3,6-diphenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. Compounds 1 and 6 are less reactive dienophiles than other strained cyclic olefins as shown by kinetic measurements.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19920750324
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Quest for Bridgehead Bridgehead Dications with Bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl Skeletons (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 68 (1985), S. 1114-1128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is predicted by MINDO/3 calculations that the 1,5-trishomobarrelenediyl dication 4 would be as much stabilized over the bicyclo[2.2.2]octanediyl dication 3 as the monocation 7-H is energetically favored over the hypothetical 1-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl 10-H. In spite of this, the bridgehead cations generated from the 1,5-dihalo-trishomobarrelenes 6-F, 6-Cl, 6-Br, and 6-I and from the 1,5-diol 6-OH under long-lived ion conditions were only the 5-substituted monocations 7-F, 7-Cl, 7-Br, 7-I, and 7-OH, respectively, unequivocally identified by their 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra as well as quenching products. Although there is efficient charge delocalization in 7-X, as revealed by the 13C-chemical shifts, the lack of formation of the bridgehead bridgehead dication 4 is not due to an unforeseen destabilization by the three α-annellated cyclopropyl groups. Even the 1,5-dichlorotetracyclo[3.3.2.02,4.06,8]decanes 17-Cl2 and 19-Cl2 and 1,5-dichlorotricyclo[3.2.2.02,4]nonane 12-Cl2 with only two and one α-cyclopropyl groups, respectively, gave the bridgehead monocations 18-Cl, 20-Cl, and 13-Cl, respectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19850680505
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Chemical Transformations of 4, 5-Homosnoutene Derivatives: An Attempted New Access onto the (CH)12 Energy Hypersurface (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 73 (1990), S. 1182-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pentacyclo[6. 4. 02, 4. 03, 10. 07, 9]dodeca-5, 11-diene(4) is proposed as new potential precursor of the truncated tetrahedrane 1. The synthesis of several new pentacyclo[5. 4. 0. 02, 4. 03, 9. 06, 8] undec-10-ene (4, 5-homosnoutene) derivatives including homosnouten-5-one(10), 5-methylidenehomosnoutene(19a) as well as homosnoutene-5-carb-aldehyde(17b) and their reactions directed toward ring enlargement to the skeleton of 4 are reported. Although all the homosnoutenes resisted ring expansions, several unexpected new polycyclic systems were obtained. Any intermediate developing a cationic center at C(5) of the skeleton of 10 rearranged with release of strain and opening of one or both three-membered rings to give compounds such as 22 and 23. The aminomethyl derivatives 13a and 13b, upon diazotation, underwent a remarkable fragmentation to give 10 and homosnouten-5-o1(20), respectively. The 5-(dibromomethyl) homosnouten-5-o1(14), upon treatement with t-BuLi, rearranged to the pentacyclic ether 15, while the carbine 11b, generated by the thermal or photochemical decomposition of the tosylhydrazone salt of 17c, solely gave 19a by C, H insertion. The 1, 1-dicyclopropylethene unit in 19c was excited selectively upon irradiation, but the products 26 and 27 of this photochemical rearrangement were derived only from n-participation in diradical intermediates 25a-25c.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19900730506
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paramagnetic Redox Stages of a Bisphane: An ESR and ENDOR Study (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 75 (1992), S. 2307-2316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Seven redox stages, the dication 12+, the radical cation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$1^{\scriptstyle {{+}\kern-4pt {.}\kern-2pt }}$\end{document}, the neutral 1, the radical anion \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$1^{\scriptstyle {{\relbar}\kern-4pt {.}\kern-2pt }}$\end{document}, the dianion 12-, the radical trianion \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$1^{\scriptstyle {3{\relbar}\kern-4pt {.}\kern-2pt }}$\end{document}\end{document}, and the tetraanion 14-, are indicated by cyclic voltammetry for the bisphane 1, in which the benzene decks of two lateral paracyclophane moieties are orthogonal to the plane of anthracene framework. In \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$1^{\scriptstyle {{+}\kern-4pt {.}\kern-2pt }}$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$1^{\scriptstyle {{\relbar}\kern-4pt {.}\kern-2pt }}$\end{document}, the unpaired electron is accommodated into the central anthracene subsystem, and the same statement holds for the two positive or negative charges in 12+ and 12-. Formation of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$1^{\scriptstyle {3{\relbar}\kern-4pt {.}\kern-2pt }}$\end{document}\end{document} and 1- occurs through admission of additional electrons one-by-one into the two paracyclophane moieties flanking the doubly charged anthracene subsystem in 12-. The above-postulated, successive release or uptake of electrons by the individual parts of the bisphane is in perfect accord with the hyperfine data determined by ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy for \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$1^{\scriptstyle {{+}\kern-4pt {.}\kern-2pt }}$\end{document}, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$1^{\scriptstyle {{\relbar}\kern-4pt {.}\kern-2pt }}$\end{document}, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$1^{\scriptstyle {3{\relbar}\kern-4pt {.}\kern-2pt }}$\end{document}\end{document}, as well as for radical ions of suitable reference compounds.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19920750717
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Rekombinationsenthalpie von Radikalen  -  Thermochemie der Ringöffnung von Cyclophanen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1996 (1996), S. 2141-2154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Diradicals ; Gasphase kinetics ; Trapping, NO and O2 ; Supercritical fluid reactions ; Reaction forcefield ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radical Recombination Enthalpy.  -  Thermochemistry of the Ringopening of CyclophanesBy thermolysis of the cyclophanes 1, 5, 8, 11, 14, 18, and 21 in the presence of NO or O2 the enthalpy profiles for the ring opening were determined from the temperature, NO, or O2 dependance of the trapping rates of the intermediate diradicals. The experimental enthalpy wells, which varied between 3 and 12 kcal · mol-1, can be simulated well with a reaction forcefield making use of the EVBH method of Malrieu et al. This result gives confidence that also meaningful recombination barriers of radicals can be obtained by this method.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199619961229
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Aspects of Cyclopropyl Conjugation: Experimental Studies and Ab Initio Calculations (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 2047-2053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Conjugation ; X-ray diffraction ; Molecular structures ; Ab initio calculations ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low temperature crystal structural studies of small cyclopropyl-conjugated unsaturated hydrocarbons reveal significant differences in bond lengths between carbon atoms mainly within the three-membered rings but also for adjacent C—C single bonds. The strongest influence of conjugation was observed for spiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diene (1), where the difference in the lengths of three-membered ring bonds is 0.050 Å (X-ray). The same effect is also obvious from ab initio calculations at HF/6-31G(d) (to a minor extent) and MP2/6-31G(d) levels, as shown by a difference analysis of bond lengths which was performed in order to cancel out systematic errors and differences for both methods. Static difference electron density maps were derived from the experimental data by multipole refinements. These maps showed shifts of electron density to exocyclic locations within the planes of the three-membered rings and significant bond ellipticities for the adjacent single bonds. For 1,1-diethenylcyclopropane (4) a nonsymmetric conformation was found in the crystal lattice, very close to the global minimum structure calculated by ab initio methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719971007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surprisingly Facile Addition of Thiols to the Double Bonds of Bicyclopropylidene and Other Methylenecyclopropanes (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 1535-1542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Radical reactions ; Spiro compounds ; Additions ; Sulfides ; Amino acids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The addition of thiols 8a-h onto the double bonds of bicyclopropylidene (1) and methylenespiropentane (2) proceeds quantitatively in benzene at 20 to 75 °C in the absence of catalysts or radical initiators to give products 9, 10 with complete retention of both three-membered rings. Methylenespiropentane (2) yields exclusively the anti-Markovnikov adduct 10. The unsubstituted methylene-cyclopropane (3) gives 9% of the ring-opened compound 12 in addition to the anti-Markovnikov adduct 11. The addition of thiols to n-heptylbicyclopropylidene (13), methylenecyclopropylacetic acid (15), and the amino acids 17, 19 containing bicyclopropylidene or methylenespiropentane fragments, does not proceed stereoselectively, though in all cases the mercapto function adds to the double bond with retention of the cyclopropane ring to give interesting new amino acids containing bicyclopropyl and spiropentyl fragments, respectively. The probable mechanism of this thiol addition is discussed in the light of a test with the cyclizing intramolecular addition of 2-(2-methylenecyclopropyl)ethanethiol 27.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convenient Syntheses of Novel α- and β-Amino Acids with Spiropentyl Groups (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 3105-3115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Spiro compounds ; Michael addition ; Copper reagents ; Curtius degradation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Racemic spiropentylglycine (8) has been synthesized by sodium borohydride reduction of benzyl (E/Z)-2-chloro-2-spiropentylideneacetate (5-Bn), nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine in the product 6 with azide and hydrogenolytic deprotection of the resulting 7 (overall yield 15%). An alternative approach to 8 consisted of the coupling of the higher-order cuprate 10, generated by halogen-metal exchange from bromospiropentane (9), with the electrophilic glycine equivalent 11 followed by deprotection (overall yield 47%). Enantiomerically pure (1′-aminospiropentyl)acetic acid [(R)-16] (overall yield 16% from 5-Me) and 1-aminospiropentanecarboxylic acid [(R)-23] (29% from 5-Me) were obtained from the Michael adduct 14-Me of (4R,5S)-4,5-diphenyloxazolidin-2-one (13) and methyl (E/Z)-2-chloro-2-spiropentylideneacetate (5-Me). Racemic 1-aminospiropentanecarboxylic acid (R/S-23) was prepared by rhodium-catalyzed addition of dimethyl diazomalonate to methylenecyclopropane and subsequent Curtius degradation of the halfester 28 via the azide 29 (overall yield 14%). Upon standing in aqueous solution, 23 underwent complete rearrangement to the new 1-amino-2-methylenecyclobutanecarboxylic acid (24). The interesting derivative of azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate 34 with an annelated spiropentane moiety and a β-amino acid fragment was incidentally obtained in a one-step intermolecular domino reaction starting with the addition of lithium benzylamide to methyl 2-chloro-2-cyclopropylideneacetate (32, 41% yield).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Interaction of Walsh-Orbitols in Diademane and Related Hydrocarbons (1973)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 56 (1973), S. 1594-1604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To obtain further information concerning the interaction between Walsh-orbitols of ‘conjugated’ cyclopropane rings, the photoelectron spectra of the following compounds have been recorded: bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 1, cis- and trans-tricyclo[5.1.03, 5]octane 2, 3, diademane 4, trans-pentacyclo[3.3.2.02, 9.04, 10, 06, 8]decan 5 and bicyclo[4.1.0]heptene-2 6. The first bands in the PE.-spectra of these compounds have been assigned on the basis of a ZDO HMO-approximation. For 2 and 4 the value for resonance integral between linked 2p atomic orbitals of two adjacent eclipsed cyclopropane rings is found to be -1.73 eV.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19730560515
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