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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 40 (1978), S. 285-294 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Long term experiment ; Hexachlorobenzene ; Metabolites ; Body weight ; Organ weight ; Porphyria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Über einen Zeitraum von 53 Wochen wurden die Pharmakokinetik von Hexachlorbenzol und seiner Metabolite, der Einfluß der Substanz auf das klinische Verhalten weiblicher Ratten, auf ihre Gewichtszunahme, auf das Gewicht ihrer Organe und auf den Stoffwechsel der Porphyrine untersucht. Die Behandlung der Tiere erfolgte von der 1. bis zur 15. Woche, wobei den Tieren 178 μMol/kg Hexachlorbenzol (50 mg/kg) an jedem zweiten Tag oral verabfolgt wurden. 9 Wochen nach Versuchsbeginn wurde ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Aufnahme und Elimination von Hexachlorbenzol und seinen Metaboliten beobachtet. Zu dieser Zeit wurden in 1 g Lebergewebe rund 1 μMol Hexachlorbenzol, 50 nMol Pentachlorphenol, 5 nMol Tetrachlorhydrochinon und rund 0,1 nMol Pentachlorthiophenol festgestellt. Die Elimination von Hexachlorbenzol erfolgte mit abnehmender Geschwindigkeit. 38 Wochen nach Ende der Applikationsphase betrug die Halbwertzeit, berechnet aufgrund der aus den Geweben eliminierten Substanz, etwa 4–5 Monate. Die Körpergewichtszunahme der behandelten Tiere unterschied sich während des gesamten Versuchs nicht von der der unbehandelten Tiere. Während der Behandlungszeit kam es zu einem Anstieg der relativen Organgewichte von Leber, Milz, Nieren und Nebennieren. Zum Ende der 38wöchigen Phase, in der kein Hexachlorbenzol mehr verabfolgt wurde, hatten die Organe der behandelten Tiere wieder Normalgewicht. Der Gehalt an Porphyrinen in Leber und Urin und an delta-Aminolävulinsäure und Porphobilinogen im Urin nahm bis zur 15. Versuchswoche zu. Nach Ablauf der 38wöchigen Periode nach der Gabe von Hexachlorbenzol war der Gehalt an Porphyrinen in der Leber höher als zum Ende der 15wöchigen Behandlungszeit, während er im Urin fast auf Normalwerte abgesunken war. Der Gehalt an Porphyrin-Precursoren im Urin der behandelten Tiere hatte ebenfalls Normalwerte erreicht. Der relative Anteil von Uro- und Heptacarboxyporphyrin in Leber und Urin der behandelten Tiere war sowohl zum Ende der Behandlungszeit als auch nach Ablauf der behandlungsfreien Zeit deutlich erhöht.
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of hexachlorobenzene and its metabolites, as well as its influence on the clinical behavior of female rats, their weight increase, the weight of their organs, and the metabolism of the porphyrins were investigated over a period of 53 weeks. From the 1st through the 15th week of the experiment hexachlorobenzene was given orally to the animals at a dosage of 178 μmoles/kg (50 mg/kg) every other day. 9 weeks after the start of the experiment, an equilibrium was observed between intake and elimination of hexachlorobenzene and its metabolites. At this time, 1 g of liver contained approximately 1 μmole of hexachlorobenzene, 50 nmoles of pentachlorophenol, 5 nmoles of tetrachlorohydroquinone and approximately 0.1 nmole of pentachlorothiophenol. The elimination of hexachlorobenzene took place at a decreasing rate. 38 weeks after cessation of administration, the biological half-life, determined on the basis of the substance eliminated from the tissues, amounted to 4–5 months. The increase in body weight of the treated animals did not differ during the entire course of the experiment from that of untreated animals. During the period of treatment, the liver, spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands showed a relative increase in weight. At the end of the 38 week period, in which no hexachlorobenzene was administered, the organs of the treated animals exhibited normal weights. The content of porphyrins in the liver and urine, and that of delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen in the urine increased up to the 15th week of the experiment. At the end of the 38-week period (during which no hexachlorobenzene was given), the porphyrin content of the liver was higher than after the 15 week period of administration, but the porphyrin content of the urine had decreased to almost normal values. The amount of porphyrin precursors in the urine had likewise reached normal values. The relative amount of uroporphyrin and heptacarboxyporphyrin in the liver and urine was markedly elevated at the end of the period of administration and following the period of non-administration as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: 2,2′, 3′, 4,4′, 5, 5′-Heptachlorobiphenyl ; Toxicokinetics ; Biotransformation ; Hepatic enzyme activity ; Porphyria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicokinetics and biotransformation of 2,2′,3′,4,4′,5,5′-heptachlorobiphenyl, as well as its influence on the activity of microsomal and cytosolic enzymes and on the porphyrin pathway in the liver were studied in female rats following oral treatment with 7 mg/kg every other day for 3 months. One day after cessation of treatment the concentration of the compound in liver, spleen, CNS and blood was 100–500 times and in the trachea it was only 5 times less than in the adipose tissue. The daily excretion with the feces and urine amounted to 35 and 1.5 μg, respectively. In both excreta, heptachlorobiphenylol was identified as a metabolite. The biotransformation rate was estimated to be about 5%. Investigations of the liver revealed increases in the relative liver weight, total cytochrome P-450 content, O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin and in the activity of glutathione S-transferases. Disturbances of the hepatic porphyrin pathway were not detected. Only at the end of a post-dosing period of 12 months did the hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase show diminished activity. Only one of these animals with diminished enzyme activity showed drastically elevated porphyrins. In these animals, the fecal and urinary porphyrins did not differ from controls. At no time did heptachlorobiphenyl influence the urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen. The results indicate 1) that this congener shows expected toxicokinetics with the exception of being accumulated in the trachea and 2) that this congener induces disturbances of the hepatic porphyrin pathway several months after cessation of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 623-624 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Porphyria ; Morbus Günther ; Chloroquine ; Erythrocytes rigidity ; Porphyrie ; Morbus Günther ; Chloroquin ; Rigidität der Erythrozyten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 6jährigen Jungen mit Porphyria congenita Günther kam es unter Chloroquin in niedriger Dosierung zu einem vorübergehenden erheblichen Anstieg der Porphyrin-Ausscheidung mit dem Urin und vor allem zu einer weitgehenden Normalisierung der vorher pathologischen Rigidität der Erythrozyten. Da eine solche Rigidität der Erythrozyten bei der für diese Porphyrie typischen Hämolyse eine wesentliche Rolle spielen dürfte, könnte die Chloroquin-Anwendung therapeutisch wertvoll sein.
    Notes: Summary Treatment of a six-years old boy with porphyria congenita (Günther) by small amounts of chloroquine was followed by a sharp but transient increase of the urinary excretion of porphyrins. Moreover, a nearly complete normalization of the previously observed rigidity of the erythrocytes occurred. With respect to the possibility that this elevated rigidity plays an important role for the typical hemolysis connected with this porphyria, the application of chloroquine could be of therapeutic value for this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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