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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology of hyaluronic acid (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 6 (1968), S. 777-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dynamic viscoelastic properties of hyaluronic acid solutions have been measured over the frequency range 0.02-1.67 cps. The effects of varying temperature, hyaluronic acid concentration, pH, and ionic strength on the dynamic shear moduli were studied. The solutions exhibited a sharp transition from viscous to elastic behavior as the strain frequency increased. No entanglement coupling of the hyaluronic acid molecules was evident over the concentration range 2.0-4.0 mg./ml. Solutions at pH 2.5 showed a pronounced elastic behavior relative to both higher and lower pH's. This effect was attributed to a stiffening of the hyaluronic acid molecule at this pH.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1968.360060603
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship of bound water to the IR amide I bandwidth of albumin (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 25 (1986), S. 639-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four different types of ir experiments, involving changes in pH, changes in pressure, and the use of nonaqueous solvents, and with either albumin molecules dissolved in saline or adsorbed albumin films, support the hypothesis that the bandwidth of the amide I vibration of albumin is directly related to the amount of bound water in this protein. From the amide I band narrowing and the amide I shift to higher frequencies, it is proposed that a more ordered helix structure results as the amount of bound water is decreased.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360250409
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoelastic properties of networks in swelling equilibrium: Poly(vinyl alcohol) (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 1051-1063 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The energy component of the stress has been determined for poly(vinyl alcohol) networks in swelling equilibrium with a series of water-ethylene glycol compositions. The data are analyzed by using the equations describing the thermoelasticity of networks in swelling equilibrium. The ratio fe/f of the energy component to the total force, as calculated from these equations, varies systematically with diluent composition but is independent of elongation in a given diluent. For a network crosslinked by terephthalaldehyde, fe/f varied from -0.33 to -0.42 as the diluent composition was changed from pure water to 20% ethylene glycol. Similar effects were found in a network crosslinked by formaldehyde. It is not yet certain whether this effect represents a real solvent dependence of fe/f or a failure of the equation of state to account for the effect of composition changes on the force.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160060602
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformation of polyisobutylene in dilute solution subjected to a hydrodynamic shear fieldThis paper was presented in part at the International Symposium on Macromolecular Chemistry, Toronto, Canada, 1968. (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 1415-1434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new light-scattering experiment which allows a direct determination of the conformation of macromolecules deformed in flow is described. Light-scattering relationships based on the interference function are developed, and results of an experimental study are detailed. The deformed conformation of high molecular weight polyisobutylene was determined in a Couette-type shear field. Decalin was the solvent. Variables investigated were the shear rate (0 to 600 sec-1), the polymer molecular weight (1.0 × 107 to 1.6 × 107), and the polymer concentration (2.0 × 10-4 to 8.0 × 10-4 g/cc). Conformation variables determined were the orientation of the molecule in the shear field and its maximum and minimum extension ratios in the plane defined by the direction of flow and the direction of the shear rate. The deformation of the macromolecule was found to be markedly discrepant when compared to the dynamic macromolecular models which assume complete coil flexibility, and more closely in agreement with the recent theories of Cerf, developed for nonfree-draining coils which exhibit a finite internal viscosity.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160070811
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical thermodynamics of networks at large deformations (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 2119-2130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A general theory of non-Gaussian elasticity is presented for real polymeric chains having fixed bond angles and restricted internal rotations. The theory contains the displacement-vector distribution given by Nagai, and the Flory-Wall-Hermans procedure is used for the calculation of network properties. Whereas the treatment is valid for all types of polymer chains, it is not totally satisfactory from a practical standpoint because of a slow series convergence if the chains are stiff. It is best utilized for flexible polymers under conditions of light crosslinking. Detailed network behavior is investigated only for polyethylene type chains having uncorrelated internal rotations. In this instance the fractional contribution fe/f of the internal energy of the total force f is found to be a function of elongation at high degress of stretching. It may decrease, or increase, depending upon the sign of fe/f at low elongations. Furthermore, the variation of fe/f with elongation is independent of the fixed bond angle of the chain backbone. Stress-strain behavior and energy-strain behavior are in opposition, i.e., when the non-Gaussian contribution to the stress is greatest, it is the least for the ratio fe/f, and vice versa. The presence of correlated internal rotations would not be expected to greatly alter these general conclusions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1971.160091202
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-gaussian elasticity of composite and interpenetrating networks (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 283-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The elastic behavior of composite and interpenetrating network structures composed of non-Gaussian chains is investigated. The chain probability density given by Nagai is employed utilizing only the leading correction terms for finite chain extensibility. The independent-network hypothesis, proven valid in Gaussian statistics, is shown to be erroneous in non-Gaussian systems. Further, it is found that composite networks composed of monodisperse chains are elastically isotropic, whereas a most probable contourlength distribution yields a large anisotropy but in the direction opposite to that observed experimentally for rubber. On the other hand, retention of the independent-network hypothesis coupled with a most probable distribution successfully accounts for much of the observed anisotropy. Interpenetrating networks are shown to be substantially anisotropic when a most probable contour-length distribution is employed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoelasticity of networks in swelling equilibrium (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 1041-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical analysis of the thermoelastic behavior of polymeric networks in swelling equilibrium with excess diluent, using both the kinetic theory of elasticity and the Flory-Huggins theory of mixing, is presented. Our calculations are restricted to the special case of diluents composed of a single constituent. The results are used to obtain the ratio of the energy component of the force fe to the total force f of rubber networks swollen in excess n-decane, and we find fe/f to be 0.17, which compares favorably with the value 0.18 reported for the unswollen network. Furthermore, fe/f is independent of elongation, in accordance with theory. The kinetic theory of elasticity is reasonably well obeyed in this highly swollen system although there remains a small contribution to the force from the C2 term of the Mooney-Rivlin phenomenological elasticity equation. It is not believed that this has an appreciable effect on fe/f.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160060601
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrinsic viscosity and axial extension ratio of random-coiling macromolecules in a hydrodynamic shear field (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 8 (1970), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The shear dependence of the intrinsic viscosity and the conformation of high molecular weight polyisobutylene in dilute solutions of decahydronaphthalene under shear were determined simultaneously. Experimental variables investigated were the shear rate (0 to 2 × 103 sec-1), the molecular weight (1.0 × 107 to 1.7 × 107) and the polymer concentration (1.8 × 10-4 to 8.4 × 10-4 g/cc). Correlations allowing concentration and shear rate normalization for any one sample are described. Conformational extention ratios along the orientation direction of the deformed molecule to 1.42 and intrinsic viscosity ratios (sheared to zero shear) to 0.5 were observed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1970.160080207
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Birefringence of semicrystalline polymeric networks (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 1723-1732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A simple theoretical development is proposed to explain the variation of birefringence with degree of crystallization for crosslinked, stretched polymer networks. The model adopted for the calculations is one proposed by Flory in order to calculate the thermodynamic properties of such systems and hence is restricted to the special case of network orientation prior to the onset of crystallization. Our findings are briefly discussed and possible applications of the results are considered.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160061003
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeability studies with cellulosic membranes (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 (1971), S. 459-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The true diffusive permeabilities of commercial, modified commercial, and laboratory cast regenerated cellulose membranes were measured with a batch dialyzer using 15 solutes (sodium chloride, nine radioactively labelled organic solutes, and five low molecular weight proteins) ranging in molecular weight from 58 to 68,000. Additional measurements included membrane thickness, water content, and strength properties, as well as equilibrium solute partition coefficients and solute diffusion coefficients in free solution. All commercial cellophanes were similar in sodium chloride permeability on a unit thickness basis and were significantly less permeable than hydrophilic wet gel membranes. This difference was attributed to the irreversible collapse of membrane structure upon drying. As the solute characteristic size increased, permeability decreased more sharply with commercial cellophane than with wet gel cellulose, the ratio between the two becoming an order of magnitude for large solutes. The ratio between the solute diffusion coefficient in the membrane and in free solution decreased exponentially with increasing solute size. The results suggest further work for higher permeability cellulosic hemodialysis membranes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820050504
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